Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 5

In a rapidly changing technology landscape, “Clinical Decision Support” (CDS) has become an important tool to improve patient management. CDS systems offer medical professionals new insights to improve diagnostic accuracy, therapy plannin...

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent, rarely curable B-cell malignancy with a heterogeneous clinical course. While generally treatable, FL is characterized by remissions and relapses, and its clinical presentation varies widely. Rituximab has revo...

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive neoplasm with a complex carcinogenesis process that must be understood through the interactions between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells. Methods: This study was retrospective...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process in which epithelial cells lose their cell–cell adhesion...

Background/Objectives: This paper is significant in highlighting the importance of early and precise diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) that affects both motor and non-motor functions to achieve better disease control and patient outcomes. T...

Background: This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to detect brain microstructural changes in participants with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who experienced post-traumatic headaches, a common issue that affects quality of life and rehab...

Oculomics is an emerging field that leverages ophthalmic imaging data to identify biomarkers of systemic disease, facilitating early diagnosis and risk stratification. Despite its growing recognition, gaps remain in the literature regarding the clini...

Background: In the literature, there is no study investigating the relationship between thyroid hormones in pregnancies at 41 weeks and above and the birth timing, labor duration, frequency of fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), an...

Objectives: Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a common and severe condition that requires rapid and accurate risk assessment and treatment. The Naples prognostic score (NPS) is a novel risk score that integrates nutritional and infla...

Background/Objectives: Brain tumors are among the most aggressive diseases, significantly contributing to human mortality. Typically, the classification of brain tumors is performed through a biopsy, which is often delayed until brain surgery is nece...

Background/Objectives: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is common in hemophilia patients. Identifying high-risk patients for low BMD early is essential to prevent complications and reduce morbidity. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/calcium (Ca) ratio is a...

Background/Objective: Bacteriological culture has been a widely used method for the detection of meningococcus, but it has low sensitivity and a long turnaround time. Molecular detection targeting capsule transport A (ctrA) gene has been used, but ov...

Background/Objectives: This study evaluates ChatGPT 4.0’s ability to interpret thyroid ultrasound (US) reports using ACR-TI-RADS 2017 criteria, comparing its performance with different levels of US users. Methods: A team of medical experts, an...

Background/Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is associated with extraesophageal syndromes that require an objective assessment of abnormal acid exposure to establish the diagnosis. The COuGH RefluX score has been proposed as a diagno...

Background: Several thrombotic risk assessment models have been proposed for identifying patients with a high risk of thrombosis (the IMPEDE venous thromboembolism (VTE), SAVED, and PRISM scores) in multiple myeloma (MM). Recently, adding a biomarker...

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes between the second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgery and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conduc...

Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate asprosin and peptide tyrosine–tyrosine (PYY) levels in schizophrenia patients and the relationships between these levels and clinical severity, as well as whether these two hormones have a role in det...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in tissue-based biomarkers have significantly enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in NSCLC, enabling precision medicine strategies. Thi...

Background/Objective: With increasing cases of osteoporosis in children and adolescents, the need for timely diagnosis, management, and follow-up has become important. This study aimed to determine whether bone turnover markers (BTMs), particularly s...

Cancer cells exhibit abnormal behavior compared to normal cells. They ignore growth arrest signals such as contact inhibition, a mechanism that stops their proliferation when they collide with surrounding cells, and proliferate in an uncontrolled man...

Background: Patients with rectal cancer may be exposed to a loss of muscle strength and quality. This study aimed to assess the role of preoperative CT-based sarcopenia on postoperative clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes after rectal ca...

The vulva is a complex anatomical organ that may present with a wide range of pathologies. Even if it can be easily investigated, correctly interpreting vulvar appearance is often challenging. Vulvar ultrasound is an emerging diagnostic technique tha...

Background/Objectives: To investigate the mid- and long-term postoperative follow-up results of corneal crosslinking (CXL) treatment (using epi-on and epi-off techniques) in progressive keratoconus. Methods: This was a retrospective single center stu...

We report in this clinical case Mallory–Weiss syndrome suspected on computed tomography (CT) and confirmed on endoscopy. Mallory–Weiss syndrome is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from vomiting-induced mucosal laceration(s)...

Background: Prostate cancer management optimally requires non-invasive, objective, quantitative, accurate evaluation of prostate tumors. The current research applies visual inspection and quantitative approaches, such as artificial intelligence (AI)...

Background: Accurate classification of brain tumors in medical images is vital for effective diagnosis and treatment planning, which improves the patient’s survival rate. In this paper, we investigate the application of Convolutional Neural Net...

Background: Heart rate turbulence (HRT) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to evaluate autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and cardiac arrhythmia. The objective of this study is to investigate whether COVID-19 can lead to long-term blun...

Goldmann–Favre syndrome (GFS) is a rare vitreoretinal degenerative disorder caused by mutations in the NR2E3 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 15. This condition, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, was first described by Favr...

Background/Objectives: Many tropical diseases such as malaria, Chagas, human African Trypanosomiasis, and Lymphatic filariasis coexist in endemic countries, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide, and are recognised as major global vector-bor...

Background: Prolonged courses of glucocorticoids (GCs) for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) are associated with adverse effects. High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) has been utilized to quantify skin changes during sho...

Background: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing against chromosome 12 centromere (CEN12) is routinely included in the work-up of patients with suspected chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL). Howeve...

Background: Despite advancements in prevention and treatment, peptic ulcer disease (PUD) remains a public health burden, with potentially high mortality rates when not managed properly. Recent studies indicate bleeding as the most prevalent complicat...

Background: Diagnosing fracture-related infection (FRI) without clinical confirmatory signs is challenging. [18F]FDG-PET/CT has been shown to have good diagnostic accuracy. However, direct interpretation criteria are lacking. The aim of this study wa...

Background/Objectives: Velacur^TM is a novel, point-of-care ultrasound device developed to accurately diagnose patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH)....

Background: The choice of software package (SP) for image processing affects the reproducibility of myocardial blood flow (MBF) values in [¹³N]NH₃ PET/CT scans. However, the impact of motion correction (MC) tools—integrated software motion corr...

Background: Dermatological emergencies are critical conditions requiring immediate attention due to their potential to escalate into life-threatening scenarios. Accurate diagnosis and timely management are essential to prevent severe complications, i...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in deep learning and machine lea...

Background/Objectives: We reviewed data from the Western Danish Heart Registry (WDHR), which collects mandatory information on heart surgeries in Western Denmark, to validate cases with aortic root replacement (ARR) and assess the validity of registe...

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of nutritional status in heart failure (HF) patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and to identify factors associated with ICD discharge and mortality. Methods: This retrospective...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for the development of periodontal disease and aggravates the severity of periodontal conditions. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to degrade periodontal ligament attachment and bone...

Background/Objectives: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an immune-mediated skin disorder, with increasing evidence suggesting its association with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The presence of antithyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and anti-TG) and au...

Background: The standard diagnostic approach for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis consists of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, digital rectal examination (DRE) and image-guided targeted biopsies. Given the invasive nature, potential adve...

Background/Objectives: Secundum-type atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart defects, with an incidence of 5.64 per 10,000 live births worldwide. In our study, long-term follow-up results of children who underwent percut...

Objectives: Determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) remains a critical challenge in forensic science. Intervertebral discs, due to their structural resilience, hold promise as a reliable tissue for PMI estimation; however, studies focusing on...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to analyze critical limit and critical value test lists from major US medical centers, identify changes in quantitative critical limit thresholds since 1990, document notification priorities for qualitative and...

Objectives: To analyze the microscopic anatomy of the human uterine cervix in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images obtained by microtomography (microCT). Methods: Human uterine cervixes surgically removed for benign gynecologic cond...

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), determine the effects of different influencing factors, and identify the most affected dimensions amo...

Background: Ovarian cancers harboring inactivating mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 demonstrate increased sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). BRCA1 promoter methylation could serve as a more precise biomarker for therapy respo...

The aim of this paper is to highlight the combined role of ultrasound elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in terms of diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of the post-treatment response. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound elast...

Background/Objectives: Congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) signifies the most frequent category of congenital cardiovascular anomaly globally, occurring in approximately 0.5–2% of the general population worldwide. BAV is a major cause of tho...