Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 20

Background/Objectives: Monitoring community health and tracking SARS-CoV-2 evolution were critical priorities throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. However, widespread shortages of personal protective equipment, the necessity for social distancing, and t...

Background/Objectives: The amino acid cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in the neuronal injury process in stroke. Cys is present in blood plasma in various forms. The relationship between Cys and its forms and the severity of acute stroke has no...

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with chest pain often serving as an initial reason for emergency visits. However, the severity of chest pain does not necessarily correlate with the severity of...

Background/objectives: The continuous necessity to support biostrumental data with biolomecular data collected using non-invasive tools is influencing the world of ocular surface devices. The ocular imprint still represents a non-invasive and safety...

The basophil activation test (BAT) is an emerging tool in the diagnosis and management of IgE-mediated wheat allergies (WAs), particularly in complex or high-risk phenotypes. This narrative review explores the clinical applications of BAT across a sp...

Background/Objectives: Oocyte maturation is a process involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic development regulated by epigenetic changes in gene expression. Cyclin-B3 (CCNB3) and cyclin-A2 (CCNA2) genes are thought to be involved in oocyte maturation...

Nanogenerators (NGs), especially triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), represent an emerging technology with great potential for self-powered lumbar motion monitoring. Conventional wearable systems for assessing spinal kinematics are often limited by...

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) are common allergic diseases in early childhood. AD may be concomitant with FA, particularly in young children. Although studies report the prevalence of FA in children with AD, there is insuff...

Background: Computed tomography (CT) is the standard of reference for diagnosis and follow-up in aortic dissection (AD). Localizing the entry and identifying false and true lumen are as important as differing post-treatment changes from contrast medi...

Background and Clinical Significance: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterised by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the bone marrow. I...

Objectives: To describe the perinatal outcomes of a series of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies complicated by selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR), classified according to the umbilical artery (UA) Doppler flow pattern of the sma...

Background/Objectives: When transitioning from an older surgical technique to a newer one, we expect improved treatment outcomes and fewer complications. However, direct comparative studies to confirm these advantages are often lacking. Tubular minim...

Background: Dynamic whole-body (D-WB) FDG PET/CT is a novel technique that enables the direct reconstruction of multiparametric images representing the FDG metabolic uptake rate (MR_FDG) and “free” FDG (DV_FDG). Applying complementary param...

Background: Eye and visual symptoms are becoming increasingly common in young people, along with the emerging conditions text neck and computer vision syndrome, though underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. The link between cervical spine st...

Background/Objectives: Individual plasma protein biomarkers have been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH). This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma proteomic signatures and attention/working me...

Background/Objectives: Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) often leads to pulmonary complications, yet reliable, non-invasive assessment tools are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in assessing lung injury followi...

Background: Local flaps are a cornerstone of reconstructive plastic surgery for oncological skin defects, ensuring functional recovery and aesthetic integration. Their selection, however, varies with surgeon experience. Generative artificial intellig...

Background/Objectives: The aim of our study was to identify the most reliable MRI measurements associated with patellar dislocation. Methods: MRI scans from 86 knees (48 controls and 38 with a history of patellar dislocation) were retrospectively ana...

Background/Objectives: Endometrial carcinoma is an emerging challenge for public health systems globally, especially in countries with a high development index. Traditionally, histopathological staging and grading have been the main criteria informin...

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly population. Periodic examinations through fundus image analysis are paramount for early diagnosis and adequate treatment. Automatic artificial i...

Background/Objectives: Urinary system stone disease is an important health problem both clinically and economically due to its high recurrence rates. In this study, an innovative hybrid approach based on deep learning is proposed to predict the recur...

Background/Objectives: The frequency of image-guided biopsies has increased substantially in recent decades; however, high technical success rates are offset by potential complications. Methods: This retrospective study compared the safety profile of...

Background/Objectives: Left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology has been implicated in atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following catheter ablation. However, the predictive value of specific anatomical shapes remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate th...

Background/Objectives: Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, requiring accurate and accessible diagnostic tools. Methods: A systematic review evaluated the diagnostic p...

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether AI assistance could improve the performance of pneumothorax detection on chest radiographs (CXR) by readers with varying experience from radiologists to the frontline healthcare providers, and whether AI as...

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is an important indicator of overall health and plays a vital role in various health conditions. In 2018, C. trachomatis reached the highest level ever recorded, resulting in USD 691 million in expenditures, with 1...

Background: The ongoing discourse surrounding the connection between atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke continues to be a topic of considerable discussion. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-established risk factor for ischemic stroke, yet the progn...

Background: Although tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WRS) is a novel biomarker released during bacterial and viral infections, its prognostic value in sepsis has rarely been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of WRS in pa...

Background: Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are common in acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but the prognostic significance of P wave morphology remains unclear. Early identification of high-risk patients is critical for guiding therapy and mon...

Background/Objectives: Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) is a serious complication in patients receiving long-term antiresorptive therapy for bone metastases from prostate cancer. While established risk factors include invasive denta...

Background: Latent myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are clinically relevant because they lower local pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), can perturb motor control, and may sustain shoulder symptoms even when overt pain is absent. However, even if previ...

Background/Objective: Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, is the second most common craniofacial defect and poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Our objective was to systematically evaluate curre...

Photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) represents a major technological innovation compared to conventional CT, offering improved spatial resolution, reduced electronic noise, and intrinsic spectral capabilities. These advances open new perspecti...

Background: Ferritin is a hallmark biomarker of systemic inflammation in adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD), but its potential role in guiding escalation to advanced therapy has not been established. This study aimed to evaluate whether ferriti...

Background/Objectives: Meningoencephalitis (ME) is a life-threatening infectious disease; therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis is lifesaving. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as culture, have several limitations related to sensitivity and spe...

Introduction: Pathology requires the integration of macroscopic and microscopic findings for an accurate diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) traditionally became the domain of radiologists with the introduction of ultrasound; however, its...

Background/Objectives: Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular profiling has revolutionized personalized medicine and unlocked new treatment options for cancer patients. Clinical guideline bodies agree that patients diagnosed with HR+/HER2&m...

Background: Functional single ventricle (FSV) comprises a heterogeneous group of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) with severe and complex abnormalities. The multifactorial etiology of the disease poses challenges in identifying specific pathogenic fa...

Optical imaging technologies expand gastrointestinal endoscopy beyond white-light endoscopy (WLE), improving visualization of mucosal, vascular, and subsurface features. They are applied to the detection of neoplastic and premalignant lesions, inflam...

Background/Objectives: In this proof-of-concept study, the objective was to evaluate the phenotypic CarbaLux combination rapid test in terms of guiding the therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria with carbapenemase...

Acromegaly is associated with a higher risk of certain malignancies, but not hematological neoplasia, although multiple myeloma (MM) was found in very limited cases. We aim to present such a case, adding a particular presentation with co-occurrence o...

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established treatment for severe aortic stenosis in elderly and high-risk patients. However, prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) remains a rare but devastating complication. Its diagnos...

We present the case of an 18-year-old female patient who attended the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic for a routine total body examination. Clinical evaluation revealed a triangular, non-scarring alopecic patch in the left temporal region, which the pa...

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a significant primary global health concern that requires accurate diagnosis at an early stage to prevent severe complications. However, accurate prediction remains challenging due to limited, noisy, and imbalanced da...

Background: Visual impairment remains a critical public health challenge, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Early stages of the disease are particularly difficult to identify, as lesions are subtle,...

The Background/Objectives: The excessive dependence on data annotation, the lack of labeled data, and the substantial expense of data annotation, especially in healthcare, have constrained the efficacy of conventional supervised learning methodologie...

Background/Objectives: Advances in large language models like ChatGPT-4o have extended their use to medical image analysis. Accurate assessment of thyroid nodule ultrasound features using ACR TI-RADS is crucial for clinical practice. This study aims...

Background/Objectives: Odontogenic keratocysts are benign cysts originating from remnants of the dental lamina, rarely showing peripheral (gingival) localization. In this study, we compiled data on the peripheral variant by reviewing the literature a...

Background/Objectives: Accurate identification of deciduous and permanent teeth on panoramic radiographs (PRs) during mixed dentition is fundamental for early detection of eruption disturbances, yet relies heavily on clinician experience due to devel...

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a complex health condition associated with significant health risks and diminished quality of life. Despite continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) being the gold standard treatment for years, its poor adherence i...