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Diagnostics
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An Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer
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An Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2025) | Viewed by 1691

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Lucarelli

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Guest Editor
Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation—Urology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: kidney cancer; prostate cancer; kidney transplantation; metabolomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Lasorsa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area—Urology, Andrology and Kidney Transplantation Unit—University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
Interests: kidney cancer; prostate cancer; molecular markers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer, the most frequent tumor in men, is a heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcomes. Although most patients affected by indolent tumors are essentially treated with surgery or radiotherapy, a subset of patients presents with aggressive disease or recurrence/progress after primary treatment. Recent advances in understanding prostate cancer pathogenesis, coupled with the introduction of high-throughput technologies, have led to the identification and validation of novel molecular biomarkers, representing a range of macromolecules assayed from different sample types, to help guide the clinical management of prostate cancer, including early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and targeted therapeutic. This Special Issue of Diagnostics is dedicated to studies exploring the discovery and application of novel biomarkers and diagnostic technologies that could be used in the clinical management of this tumor.

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Lucarelli
Dr. Francesco Lasorsa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • imaging
  • molecular biomarkers
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • risk stratification

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 526 KB  
Article
Sarcopenia as a Potential Risk Factor for Denosumab-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Asian Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases
by Shinobu Mizushima, Daisuke Watanabe, Kazuki Yanagida, Norikazu Kawae, Kashia Goto, Tatsuya Takagi, Hajime Kajihara and Akio Mizushima
Diagnostics 2025, 15(20), 2635; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15202635 - 19 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) is a serious complication in patients receiving long-term antiresorptive therapy for bone metastases from prostate cancer. While established risk factors include invasive dental procedures and poor oral health, the role of body composition, with a [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ) is a serious complication in patients receiving long-term antiresorptive therapy for bone metastases from prostate cancer. While established risk factors include invasive dental procedures and poor oral health, the role of body composition, with a particular focus on sarcopenia and inflammatory biomarkers, remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between skeletal muscle mass, fat distribution, and systemic inflammatory biomarkers with DRONJ risk in Asian prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 64 patients who received denosumab between 2014 and 2023. Baseline CT scans were used to measure total psoas muscle index (TPI), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and body mass index (BMI). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated from blood counts. Group comparisons used the Wilcoxon rank-sum or chi-squared test, and correlations were assessed using Spearman’s coefficient. Results: Twelve patients (18.8%) developed DRONJ, with a mean onset time of 20.3 months. The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the DRONJ group compared to the non-DRONJ group (p = 0.0331). VFA, SFA, BMI, diabetes, and visceral obesity were not significant predictors. NLR, but not PLR, showed a significant negative correlation with TPI (ρ = −0.2487, p = 0.0475), but no direct association with DRONJ, suggesting an indirect effect via sarcopenia. Conclusions: Sarcopenia may be an independent risk factor for DRONJ. Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly NLR, may contribute indirectly through reduced muscle mass. Body composition assessment may improve DRONJ risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer)
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23 pages, 5684 KB  
Article
Prognostic Potential of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Surface Markers and Their Specific DNA Methylation in Prostate Cancer
by Mark Jain, Olga Nesterova, Mikhail Varentsov, Nina Oleynikova, Aleksandra Vasiukova, Sofia Navruzova, German Golubin, Larisa Samokhodskaya, Pavel Malkov and Armais Kamalov
Diagnostics 2025, 15(19), 2434; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15192434 - 24 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment, the abundance of which is often linked to poor prognosis. The surface markers for CAFs are mostly established, yet our current knowledge of epigenetic alterations in them remains limited. [...] Read more.
Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the prostate cancer (PCa) microenvironment, the abundance of which is often linked to poor prognosis. The surface markers for CAFs are mostly established, yet our current knowledge of epigenetic alterations in them remains limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CAF-specific DNA methylation, their abundance and the PCa prognosis. Methods: The study included 88 PCa patients with known presence or absence of a biochemical recurrence within a 6-year period. Resected PCa tissue was assessed for the surface expression of FAP, PDGFRb, CD90, and POST, and for the methylation of EDARADD, GATA6, and PITX2 genes using qPCR and ddPCR. Results: The surface expression of FAP, PDGFRb and CD90 was associated with a higher Gleason score (p < 0.05). The analytical sensitivity of ddPCR was superior to qPCR; results obtained using ddPCR demonstrated a more significant association with clinical features of PCa. EDARADD methylation and PDGFRb expression were associated with a risk of biochemical recurrence (HR–0.961 [95% CI: 0.931–0.991] and HR–2.313 [95% CI: 1.054–5.088]; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: Upon further validation, the abundance of CAFs and their specific methylation might become a promising tool for the assessment of prognosis in PCa after radical treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue An Update on Molecular Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer)
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