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Diagnostics
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Neurological Disorders: Diagnosis and Management
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Neurological Disorders: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2933

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lung Chan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
Interests: neuroimaging; cerebrovascular disease; health behavior; untrasound signal and medical image; cerebral autoregulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, making early diagnosis and accurate prediction of treatment outcomes critical for improving patient care. Advances in neuroimaging, machine learning, and biomarker research have significantly enhanced stroke diagnosis, classification, and prognosis. The integration of artificial intelligence, multimodal imaging, and computational modeling has the potential to revolutionize stroke management by providing real-time risk assessment and personalized treatment strategies.

This Special Issue aims to publish high-quality scientific articles focused on improving stroke diagnosis and treatment outcome prediction. We welcome original research, case studies, case reports, and reviews that explore innovative methodologies, novel biomarkers, predictive modeling, and clinical decision support systems. Topics of interest include acute stroke imaging, thrombolysis and thrombectomy outcome prediction, rehabilitation prognosis, stroke-related machine learning applications, and individualized patient management. By fostering interdisciplinary research, this issue seeks to enhance early detection, optimize therapeutic interventions, and improve long-term functional outcomes for stroke patients.

We invite contributions from clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals working at the intersection of neurology, radiology, bioinformatics, and rehabilitation sciences. Your work will contribute to advancing the field and improving the lives of stroke patients worldwide.

Dr. Lung Chan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stroke diagnosis
  • treatment outcome prediction
  • neuroimaging
  • machine learning
  • biomarkers
  • personalized medicine

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4332 KB  
Article
Brain Perfusion Scintigraphy in the Diagnostic Toolbox for the Confirmation of Brain Death: Practical Aspects and Examination Protocol
by Albrecht Günther, Anne Gunkel, Christian Geis, Dirk Brämer, Martin Brauer, Claus Doerfel, Michael Fritzenwanger, Martin Freesmeyer, Thomas Winkens, Robert Drescher and Anke Werner
Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2734; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212734 - 28 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background: In addition to clinical examinations, confirmatory investigations are frequently performed to determine brain death (BD). Among other perfusion tests, brain perfusion scintigraphy (BPS) has been shown to be a reliable tool for the detection of brain circulatory arrest, particularly in cases with [...] Read more.
Background: In addition to clinical examinations, confirmatory investigations are frequently performed to determine brain death (BD). Among other perfusion tests, brain perfusion scintigraphy (BPS) has been shown to be a reliable tool for the detection of brain circulatory arrest, particularly in cases with inconclusive clinical status or potential pharmacological interactions. Methods: Evaluation for brain death included standardized clinical examinations by two experienced neuro-intensive medicine specialists, followed by ancillary brain perfusion tests. BPS with the lipophilic tracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) was performed according to a standardized protocol. Imaging results, additional confirmatory test results, as well as clinical parameters were prospectively recorded. Results: BPS was performed in 30 patients (18 male, 12 female; median age 55.5 years, range 0.1–79.8 years). Eight patients underwent decompressive craniectomy (DC) prior to BD evaluation, three patients were supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vaECMO), and one patient by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The median interval between the initial brain-damaging event and BPS was 4.0 days (range 1–18 days). BPS demonstrated brain perfusion cessation in all patients. A concomitant single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was required in one patient. There were no technical failures requiring a re-examination. Conclusions: BPS is a feasible, safe, and technically robust confirmatory test in BD diagnosis. BPS yielded unambiguous results, particularly in cases with inconclusive results of other ancillary tests, in neonates, young children and patients after DC. It is applicable to patients supported by LVAD and vaECMO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Disorders: Diagnosis and Management)
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18 pages, 559 KB  
Article
Plasma Cystine as a Marker of Acute Stroke Severity
by Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Popov, Polina Alexandrovna Pudova, Ruslan Andreevich Maslennikov, Valery Vasil’evich Aleksandrin, Maria Pavlovna Galdobina, Maria Petrovna Kruglova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Silina, Victor Alexandrovich Stupin, Marina Yurievna Maksimova and Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
Diagnostics 2025, 15(20), 2662; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15202662 - 21 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The amino acid cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in the neuronal injury process in stroke. Cys is present in blood plasma in various forms. The relationship between Cys and its forms and the severity of acute stroke has not been [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The amino acid cysteine (Cys) plays an important role in the neuronal injury process in stroke. Cys is present in blood plasma in various forms. The relationship between Cys and its forms and the severity of acute stroke has not been sufficiently studied. We investigated the levels of total Cys and two of its forms (reduced Cys and its disulfide (cystine, CysS)) in blood plasma and their influence on stroke severity in patients at admission. Methods: A total of 210 patients (39–59 years old) with ischemic stroke and intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhage were examined. The contents of the different forms of Cys were determined in the first 10–72 h. Stroke severity was estimated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRs). Results: CysS levels < 54 μM were associated with severe (NIHSS > 13) neurological deficit (ischemic stroke: RR = 5.58 and p = 0.0021; hemorrhagic stroke: RR = 3.56 and p = 0.0003). Smoking and high levels of total Cys and other thiols (glutathione and homocysteine) appear to be factors determining this relationship. Conclusions: Low CysS levels may serve as a potential biomarker of acute stroke severity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Disorders: Diagnosis and Management)
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12 pages, 1051 KB  
Article
The Train-Line Pattern on Duplex Ultrasound Helps Differentiate Intramural Thrombus from Atheromatous Plaque in Common Carotid Artery Dissection
by Ming-Hsing Chang, Yen-Yu Huang, Fang-I Hsieh, Kuan-Yu Lin, Hsu-Ling Yeh, Kai-Jing Yeh and Li-Ming Lien
Diagnostics 2025, 15(10), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15101297 - 21 May 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Common carotid artery dissection (CCAD) can result in severe neurological sequelae; however, its diagnosis may be challenging due to consciousness disturbance and aphasia. The objective of this article is to propose a new imaging feature to assist in the identification of CCAD. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Common carotid artery dissection (CCAD) can result in severe neurological sequelae; however, its diagnosis may be challenging due to consciousness disturbance and aphasia. The objective of this article is to propose a new imaging feature to assist in the identification of CCAD. Methods: This retrospective case series enrolled 139 patients with discharge diagnoses of aortic dissection who underwent carotid ultrasound during admission over a period of three years. Results: Among these patients, 23 had type A aortic dissection, and 113 had type B aortic dissection or related conditions. Notably, among the 23 patients with type A aortic dissection, eight had associated common carotid artery dissection (CCAD), and a total of nine CCAD events were identified. Meanwhile, a B-mode ultrasound revealed six double lumens with intimal flaps and three intramural thrombi. The ‘train-line’ pattern in ultrasonography was discerned by detecting a hypoechoic thickened wall, which was characterized by a margin formed by two parallel linear reflections in close proximity. This distinctive “train-line” pattern was identified in three intimal flaps and two intramural thrombi. Conclusions: While double lumens and intramural thrombus are prevalent findings, the latter may be misinterpreted as atherosclerotic plaque. The “train-line” pattern may aid in distinguishing intramural thrombus from atheromatous plaque, offering an additional diagnostic tool alongside the identification of double lumens with intimal flaps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Neurological Disorders: Diagnosis and Management)
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