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356 Results Found

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
69 Citations
14,713 Views
31 Pages

29 February 2024

This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of literature published between 1 January 2018 and 1 September 2022, exploring factors influencing the progression or development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), diagnosed using the Diagnostic Cr...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
112 Citations
14,221 Views
12 Pages

Correlation between Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and Posture Evaluated trough the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD): A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

  • Giuseppe Minervini,
  • Rocco Franco,
  • Maria Maddalena Marrapodi,
  • Salvatore Crimi,
  • Almir Badnjević,
  • Gabriele Cervino,
  • Alberto Bianchi and
  • Marco Cicciù

2 April 2023

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a series of disorders that affect the muscles and joint. Symptoms include joint pain, muscle pain, and limitation of mouth opening. One of several multifactorial diseases, temporomandibular dysfuncti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,389 Views
13 Pages

Axis I of DC/TMD in Diagnosis of Temporomandibular Disorders in People with Multiple Sclerosis—Preliminary Reports

  • Martyna Odzimek,
  • Hubert Lipiński,
  • Piotr Dubiński,
  • Marek Żak and
  • Waldemar Brola

18 June 2025

Background: The primary objective of our preliminary study was to estimate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between the pr...

  • Hypothesis
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,621 Views
17 Pages

20 June 2025

Background/Objectives: Currently, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a significant public health concern, affecting approximately 34% of the global population. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TMDs in the yea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,925 Views
14 Pages

9 February 2022

This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0 (GCPS 2.0) and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20) of the Malaysian English version of Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (M-English DC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,023 Views
22 Pages

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorder Symptoms Among Dental Students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine in Iași: A Self-Reported Study Based on DC/TMD Criteria

  • Eugenia Larisa Tarevici,
  • Oana Tanculescu,
  • Alina Mihaela Apostu,
  • Sorina Mihaela Solomon,
  • Alice-Teodora Rotaru-Costin,
  • Adrian Doloca,
  • Petronela Bodnar,
  • Vlad Stefan Proca,
  • Alice-Arina Ciocan-Pendefunda and
  • Marina Cristina Iuliana Iordache
  • + 2 authors

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory system. Due to academic stress and parafunctional habits, dental students m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
723 Views
15 Pages

Aim: To investigate the association between mid-line deviation of the mandible, as determined by upper to lower labial frena, and signs and symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: The current study was original research...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
4,936 Views
12 Pages

27 December 2021

Background: a type D personality is a factor in a person’s susceptibility to general mental stress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although many studies were conducted on the relationships among stressful situations, an individual&rsq...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,933 Views
15 Pages

12 September 2024

The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the impact of estrogen levels on the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in humans. Searches were conducted in the same databases as follows: PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration database, a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,731 Views
10 Pages

Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism among Sex Workers—A Cross Sectional Study

  • Ilana Eli,
  • Adi Zigler-Garburg,
  • Efraim Winocur,
  • Pessia Friedman-Rubin,
  • Tamar Shalev-Antsel,
  • Shifra Levartovsky and
  • Alona Emodi-Perlman

8 November 2022

Sex workers are a highly underprivileged population which is present all around the world. Sex work is associated with negative social stigma which affects all aspects of the sex workers’ lives including healthcare, service providers and police...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,778 Views
12 Pages

17 April 2025

Background/Objectives: To evaluate the role of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)-related diagnostics in orthodontic treatment routines and investigate what consequences are drawn from symptoms concerning orthodontic treatment planning and therapy. Met...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,065 Views
13 Pages

Association Between Gum Chewing and Temporomandibular Disorders

  • Yana Yushchenko,
  • Michał Zemowski,
  • Daniil Yefimchuk and
  • Aneta Wieczorek

24 July 2025

Background: Gum chewing is a common habit among young adults, often promoted for its oral health and psychological benefits. However, as a repetitive and non-functional activity, it is also considered a potential risk factor for temporomandibular dis...

  • Review
  • Open Access
172 Citations
20,385 Views
16 Pages

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of orofacial pain conditions which are the most common non-dental pain complaint in the maxillofacial region. Due to the complexity of the etiology, the diagnosis and management of TMD remain a challenge...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,032 Views
14 Pages

27 July 2025

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Their etiology is complex and multifactorial, involving anatomical, behavioral...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,760 Views
11 Pages

Background/Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the impact of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), determine the effects of different influencing factors, and identify the most affected dimensions amo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,088 Views
10 Pages

1 February 2024

Although there is growing evidence that kinesiophobia is correlated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), its relationship with other characteristic TMD comorbidities, such as depression, anxiety, functional limitations, and pain in the TMD populat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,095 Views
18 Pages

The aim of this narrative review was to present research investigating chitosan, including its general characteristics, properties, and medical and dental applications, and finally to present the current state of knowledge regarding the efficacy of c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,353 Views
12 Pages

Temporomandibular Disorders and Serological Tests in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Fabrizia d’Apuzzo,
  • Rossana Patricia Rotolo,
  • Mario Fordellone,
  • Giovanna Cuomo,
  • Abdolreza Jamilian,
  • Ludovica Nucci and
  • Vincenzo Grassia

20 October 2023

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation at the synovial joints. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the correlation between serological variables and temporomandibular disorders (TM...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,698 Views
11 Pages

Sleep Bruxism and Orofacial Pain in Patients with Sleep Disorders: A Controlled Cohort Study

  • Maria Lavinia Bartolucci,
  • Serena Incerti Parenti,
  • Francesco Bortolotti,
  • Veronica Della Godenza,
  • Stefano Vandi,
  • Fabio Pizza,
  • Giuseppe Plazzi and
  • Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti

20 April 2023

Background: The gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep bruxism (SB) is laboratory polysomnography (L-PSG) recording. However, many clinicians still define SB using patients’ self-assessment and/or clinical tooth wear (TW). The purpose of this...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,482 Views
17 Pages

The Effect of Dental Implant Restoration on the Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Posterior Tooth Loss: A Pilot Study

  • Yuanli Zhang,
  • Chongzhi Yin,
  • Fei Chen,
  • Guizhi Zhang,
  • Po Hao,
  • Yongli Pu,
  • Haidong Teng,
  • Hong Huang and
  • Zhan Liu

Currently, controversy persists over whether dental implant restoration exacerbates or alleviates temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study aimed to analyze the impact of dental implant restoration on the biomechanics of the temporomandibular jo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,295 Views
10 Pages

16 April 2021

The aims of this study were to investigate the gender differences in signs and symptoms of Korean Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) patients based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and psychosocial characteristi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
16 Citations
11,208 Views
35 Pages

The Temporomandibular Joint and the Human Body: A New Perspective on Cross Talk

  • Marwa M. S. Abbass,
  • Dina Rady,
  • Sara El Moshy,
  • Israa Ahmed Radwan,
  • Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan,
  • Christof E. Dörfer and
  • Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed

8 November 2024

Background: As a unique joint that facilitates the articulation of the upper and lower jaws, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is concerned with several critical functions, such as speech and mastication. Pain that can become incapacitating is a resu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,064 Views
12 Pages

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders in Adult Women with Endometriosis

  • Tomasz Marciniak,
  • Natalia Walewska,
  • Agata Skoworodko,
  • Patrycja Bobowik and
  • Weronika Kruk-Majtyka

13 December 2024

Background/Objectives: The prevalence of endometriosis varies between 10% and 18%, while temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) concern between 29 and 34% of the general population. Both conditions share similar etiological factors and symptoms such as w...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,720 Views
12 Pages

Are Whiplash-Associated Disorders and Temporomandibular Disorders in a Trauma Related Cause and Effect Relationship? A Review

  • Nicola Montemurro,
  • Irma Trilli,
  • Ioana Roxana Bordea,
  • Elisabetta Ferrara,
  • Maurizio De Francesco,
  • Francesca Caccamo,
  • Giuseppina Malcangi and
  • Biagio Rapone

17 August 2023

Background: Whiplash is associated with a wide variety of clinical manifestations, including headache, neck pain, cervical rigidity, shoulder and back pain, paresthesia, vertigo, and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Previous studies reported that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,308 Views
15 Pages

27 March 2024

Background: The main aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the occurrence and severity of cervical spine pain in young adults diagnosed with TMDs with a healthy control group (without TMDs). Methods: The study was conducted from June to Ju...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,886 Views
19 Pages

Fonseca’s Questionnaire Is a Useful Tool for Carrying Out the Initial Evaluation of Temporomandibular Disorders in Dental Students

  • Valeria Mitro,
  • Angela Rosa Caso,
  • Federica Sacchi,
  • Massimiliano Gilli,
  • Guido Lombardo,
  • Gabriele Monarchi,
  • Stefano Pagano and
  • Antonio Tullio

26 August 2024

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a prevalent multifactorial condition that impacts a significant portion of the global population. The objective of this study was to employ Fonseca’s questionnaire for an initial assessme...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,367 Views
15 Pages

Preliminary Evidence on Intra-Articular Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs): A Systematic Review with a Focus on Mechanisms and Potential Application in Clinical Practice

  • Marcin Pasternak,
  • Maciej Chęciński,
  • Kamila Chęcińska,
  • Natalia Turosz,
  • Izabella Chyży,
  • Bartosz Kosiński,
  • Klaudia Kwiatkowska,
  • Kalina Romańczyk,
  • Amelia Hoppe and
  • Maciej Sikora

10 September 2025

Intra-articular injections form a substantial element of the temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) therapy. Given the role played by IL-1β in pathology, the use of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is well-founded. Despite years of effective u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,780 Views
13 Pages

High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint Low Agreement with Clinical Diagnosis in Asymptomatic Females

  • Milica Jeremic Knezevic,
  • Aleksandar Knezevic,
  • Jasmina Boban,
  • Aleksandra Maletin,
  • Bojana Milekic,
  • Daniela Djurovic Koprivica,
  • Tatjana Puskar and
  • Robert Semnic

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the agreement between a clinical diagnosis based on research diagnostic criteria/temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD) and high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of temporomandibu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,348 Views
15 Pages

Stress Experience, Depression and Neck Disability in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder—Myofascial Pain with Referral

  • Krzysztof Dariusz Szarejko,
  • Maria Gołębiewska,
  • Monika Lukomska-Szymanska and
  • Joanna Kuć

2 March 2023

The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is firmly anchored in the biopsychosocial model in which a special role is attributed to the stress, depression, somatic symptoms, and anxiety. The aim of the study was to assess the level of stress,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
53 Citations
12,941 Views
15 Pages

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are primarily characterized by pain as well as disorders concerning the proper functioning of individual elements of the stomatognathic system (SS). The aim of the study was to compare the degree of relaxation of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
695 Views
10 Pages

21 September 2025

Objectives: Most of the published literature on this topic argues about painful teeth, masticatory muscles, and/or temporomandibular joints in scuba divers. This study aimed to determine the possible differences in the prevalence of TMD between the d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,307 Views
16 Pages

Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Palliative Care of Temporomandibular Disorder and Orofacial/Cervical Skull Pain: Preliminary Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

  • Fernando Rodrigues Carvalho,
  • Rafael Queiroz Barros,
  • Alyne Simões Gonçalves,
  • Sabrina Pinho Muragaki,
  • Ana Clara Fagundes Pedroni,
  • Karolyne Dias Carvalho Moschella Oliveira and
  • Patrícia Moreira Freitas

18 September 2023

The main symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are pain from musculoskeletal and/or joint—in the head and neck region—and complaints of difficulty in mandibular movements. The photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been reported a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,145 Views
11 Pages

17 September 2020

We evaluated the incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examined the association between TMD and RA, through longitudinal follow-up. Population data from the Korean National Health Insurance Servi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,992 Views
13 Pages

Could Traumatic Brain Injury Be a Risk Factor for Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders? A Scoping Review

  • Beata Pająk-Zielińska,
  • Agnieszka Pająk,
  • Agnieszka Drab,
  • Piotr Gawda and
  • Grzegorz Zieliński

Background/Objectives: Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common conditions of the stomatognathic system. Some studies suggest a potential link with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is gaining increasing interest among researchers....

  • Article
  • Open Access
357 Views
23 Pages

27 December 2025

Background/Objectives: Dental training is known for its demanding academic pace, early clinical exposure, and constant performance pressure. These stressors may contribute to behavioral and physical manifestations, including bruxism and temporomandib...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,163 Views
12 Pages

Short-Term Observation of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation in Relation to Masticatory Muscle Activity in Temporomandibular Disorders

  • Grzegorz Zieliński,
  • Michał Ginszt,
  • Marcin Wójcicki,
  • Jacek Szkutnik,
  • Monika Litko-Rola and
  • Piotr Gawda

(1) Background: The present study was designed to analyze the relationship between masticatory muscle activity, oxygen body saturation, and heart rate in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). (2) Methods: A total of 104 individuals with a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,234 Views
16 Pages

The objective of this study was to analyze the associations between temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, consequences, and related conditions. This research analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemio...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,800 Views
18 Pages

Background: This systematic review examines and evaluates the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in young adult patients. Method: Six databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,373 Views
13 Pages

Clinical Dental Midline Shift Is Not a Predictor of the Side of Shorter Hemimandible: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Diagnostic Study

  • Lígia Pereira da Silva,
  • Alicia López-Solache,
  • Urbano Santana-Penín,
  • José López-Cedrún,
  • María Jesus Mora,
  • Pablo Varela-Centelles,
  • Antonio González-Mosquera,
  • Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández and
  • Urbano Santana Mora

Background/Objectives: Interincisive midline deviation is frequent. Determining the cause (dental versus skeletal) is crucial for treatment planning. This study assessed the null hypothesis that neither clinical dental midline shift nor the temporoma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,003 Views
12 Pages

Background/Objective: This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among Italian university students and their association with emotional factors and parafunctional behaviors. Methods: A total of 321 student...

  • Review
  • Open Access
811 Views
20 Pages

Central and Peripheral Sensitization in Temporomandibular Disorders: Proposed Mechanisms of Botulinum Toxin Therapy

  • Basit Ali Chaudhry,
  • Christopher L. Robinson,
  • Edoardo Caronna,
  • Freda Dodd-Glover,
  • Amrittej Singh Virk,
  • Mario Fernando Prieto Peres,
  • Hope L. O’Brien,
  • Marcela Romero-Reyes and
  • Sait Ashina

6 January 2026

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common musculoskeletal chronic orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization within trigeminal nociceptive pathways, manifesting as mechanical allodynia and functional impairment. Botu...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,657 Views
21 Pages

9 December 2024

The relationship between fixed orthodontic treatment and the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in adolescents has been a topic of considerable debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of fixed orth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,831 Views
17 Pages

11 July 2025

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory muscles, and related anatomical structures. Although magnetic resonance ima...

  • Article
  • Open Access
261 Views
18 Pages

A Clinical Decision-Making Algorithm for Botulinum Toxin Use in Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism

  • Anna N. Scheiwiler,
  • Muhammed Ilhan,
  • Oliver V. Waldvogel,
  • Lukas B. Seifert,
  • Florian M. Thieringer and
  • Britt-Isabelle Berg

16 January 2026

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism are prevalent conditions managed by dentists. However, treatment choices—especially concerning botulinum toxin (BTX)—often lack consistency. This study aimed to develop and assess...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
8,398 Views
41 Pages

This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration; ref CRD 42020198921) aimed to govern photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) efficacy in temporomandibular disorder (TMD). PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations were fo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,109 Views
11 Pages

25 May 2021

This study aims to evaluate the functional variations of the electromyographic response and clinical symptomatology in TMD patients. This study has been performed and compared before and after the application of a therapeutic protocol based on the us...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,089 Views
15 Pages

13 October 2021

Clinical problems of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the masticatory musculature are both included in the term temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The purpose of the present study was to examine the pathology of the joints of patients diagnosed w...

  • Review
  • Open Access
35 Citations
15,395 Views
21 Pages

17 November 2020

The current narrative literature review aims to discuss clinical reasoning based on nociceptive pain mechanisms for determining the most appropriate assessment and therapeutic strategy and to identify/map the most updated scientific evidence in relat...

  • Review
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,245 Views
9 Pages

30 December 2022

Temporomandibular disorder is a musculoskeletal disease with complex, multifactorial etiology regarding improper functioning of the stomatognathic system (masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and surrounding structures). This article presen...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
194 Citations
25,947 Views
13 Pages

A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

  • Grzegorz Zieliński,
  • Beata Pająk-Zielińska and
  • Michał Ginszt

28 February 2024

Background: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the proportion of people with TMDs in different studies, considering factors such as geographical region, patient age, and sample size. Methods: The search yielded 6984 articles on the incidence of TMDs...

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