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84 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
868 Views
13 Pages

Influence of Hydration on Shale Reservoirs: A Case Study of Gulong Shale Oil

  • Feifei Fang,
  • Ke Xu,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Zhimin Xu,
  • Sijie He,
  • Hui Huang,
  • Hailong Wang,
  • Weixiang Jin and
  • Yue Gong

21 August 2025

In the process of the exploration and development of shale oil, the influence of hydration on shale reservoirs is complex, as it can not only improve porosity and permeability, but also lead to reservoir instability. At present, there is a lack of sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,082 Views
9 Pages

Study on the Shale Hydration Inhibition Performance of Triethylammonium Acetate

  • Yuanzhi Qu,
  • Ren Wang,
  • Shifeng Gao,
  • Hongjun Huang,
  • Zhilei Zhang,
  • Han Ren,
  • Yuehui Yuan,
  • Qibing Wang,
  • Xiangyun Wang and
  • Weichao Du

13 May 2022

Shale inhibitor is an additive for drilling fluids that can be used to inhibit shale hydration expansion and dispersion, and prevent wellbore collapse. Small molecular quaternary ammonium salt can enter the interlayer of clay crystal, and enables an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,136 Views
13 Pages

The Influence of Lamina Density and Occurrence on the Permeability of Lamellar Shale after Hydration

  • Pengfei Zhao,
  • Xingxing Wang,
  • Xiangyu Fan,
  • Xingzhi Wang,
  • Feitao Zeng,
  • Mingming Zhang,
  • Fan Meng and
  • Wen Nie

7 December 2021

The characteristics of laminae in lamellar shale oil reservoirs have important influences on reservoir parameters, especially permeability. In order to explore the influence of lamina density and occurrence on the permeability of lamellar shale after...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,820 Views
20 Pages

Effect of Shale Anisotropy on Hydration and Its Implications for Water Uptake

  • Yunhu Lu,
  • Lingping Zeng,
  • Yan Jin,
  • Guanglei Chen,
  • Junfan Ren,
  • Hon Chung Lau and
  • Quan Xie

6 November 2019

Water uptake induced by fluid–rock interaction plays a significant role in the recovery of flowback water during hydraulic fracturing. However, the existing accounts fail to fully acknowledge the significance of shale anisotropy on water uptake...

  • Article
  • Open Access
73 Citations
5,546 Views
14 Pages

31 January 2020

Based on the adsorption mechanism analysis of polyhydroxy organic compound on a shale surface, a novel polyhydroxy organic amine shale hydration inhibitor N, N, N′, N′-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine (THEED) was synthesized via...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,903 Views
12 Pages

16 August 2019

The interaction between drilling fluid and shale has a significant impact on wellbore stability during shale oil and gas drilling operations. This paper investigates the effects of the drilling fluid activity on the surface and osmotic hydration char...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
2,690 Views
14 Pages

Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Shale Considering the Effect of Rock Structure and Hydration from Macroscopic and Microscopic Points of View

  • Qiangui Zhang,
  • Lizhi Wang,
  • Pengfei Zhao,
  • Xiangyu Fan,
  • Feitao Zeng,
  • Bowei Yao,
  • Liang He,
  • Simin Yang and
  • Yang Feng

19 January 2022

It is well known that the effect of shale hydration causes wellbore instability due to water phase invasion of drilling fluid to lamellar shale rich formations. This is because of that the mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
5,028 Views
15 Pages

Anisotropic Damage to Hard Brittle Shale with Stress and Hydration Coupling

  • Junchuan Gui,
  • Tianshou Ma,
  • Ping Chen,
  • Heyi Yuan and
  • Zhaoxue Guo

13 April 2018

Acoustic-wave velocities of shale rocks with different coring angles were tested by an acoustic-emission experiment under different confining pressures and soaking time of drilling fluid. Effects of stress and hydration coupling on the acoustic-wave...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,030 Views
16 Pages

7 November 2022

Accurate evaluation of shale oil reservoir fracability helps avoid blind fracturing and ensures efficient fracturing. However, the current evaluation of the fracability index rarely considers the impact of hydration caused by drilling fluid invasion...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,932 Views
20 Pages

The Effect of Hydration on Pores of Shale Oil Reservoirs in the Third Submember of the Triassic Chang 7 Member in Southern Ordos Basin

  • Pengfei Zhao,
  • Xiangyu Fan,
  • Qiangui Zhang,
  • Xiang Wang,
  • Mingming Zhang,
  • Jiawei Ran,
  • Da Lv,
  • Jinhua Liu,
  • Juntian Shuai and
  • Hao Wu

16 October 2019

Shale oil is an unconventional kind of oil and gas resource with great potential. China has huge reserves of shale oil, and shale oil resources are abundant in the third submember of the Triassic Chang 7 member in the southern Ordos Basin. At present...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,177 Views
11 Pages

Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracture Initiation and Propagation in Hydrated Shale

  • Guifu Duan,
  • Jianye Mou,
  • Yushi Zou,
  • Budong Gao,
  • Lin Yang and
  • Yufei He

27 September 2022

Shale reservoirs contain a certain amount of clay minerals, which can hydrate through imbibition when in contact with various water-based fluids during drilling and completion. Shale hydration can lead to structural changes in the shale such as the e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,117 Views
17 Pages

19 June 2021

In the process of the exploitation of deep oil and gas resources, shale wellbore stability control faces great challenges under complex temperature and pressure conditions. It is difficult to reflect the micro mechanism and process of the action of i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,664 Views
17 Pages

Preparation and Application of New Polyhydroxy Ammonium Shale Hydration Inhibitor

  • Xiaofeng Chang,
  • Quande Wang,
  • Jiale Hu,
  • Yan Sun,
  • Shijun Chen,
  • Xuefan Gu and
  • Gang Chen

29 October 2023

Wellbore instability caused by the hydration of shale formations during drilling is a major problem in drilling engineering. In this paper, the shale inhibition performance of polyhydroxy-alkanolamine was evaluated using an anti-swelling test, linear...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,547 Views
17 Pages

Study on the Inhibition Mechanism of Hydration Expansion of Yunnan Gas Shale using Modified Asphalt

  • Zhiwen Dai,
  • Jinsheng Sun,
  • Jingping Liu,
  • Kaihe Lv,
  • Xianfa Zhang,
  • Zonglun Wang and
  • Zhe Xu

29 January 2024

Drilling fluids play an essential role in shale gas development. It is not possible to scale up the use of water-based drilling fluid in shale gas drilling in Yunnan, China, because conventional inhibitors cannot effectively inhibit the hydration of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,492 Views
13 Pages

Effect of Hydration under High Temperature and Pressure on the Stress Thresholds of Shale

  • Jianfa Wu,
  • Yintong Guo,
  • Haoyong Huang,
  • Guokai Zhao,
  • Qiyong Gou,
  • Junchuan Gui and
  • Ersi Xu

26 November 2023

The stress threshold of deep reservoir shale subjected to fracturing fluid immersion is an important factor affecting fracture initiation and propagation during fracturing. However, little information has been reported on the effect on shale of soaki...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,987 Views
18 Pages

24 March 2024

Shale hydration dispersion and swelling are primary causes of wellbore instability in oil and gas reservoir exploration. In this study, inulin, a fructo-oligosaccharide extracted from Jerusalem artichoke roots, was modified by acylation with three ac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,949 Views
15 Pages

The Feasibility Study of In Situ Conversion of Oil Shale Based on Calcium-Oxide-Based Composite Materia Hydration Exothermic Reaction

  • Shiwei Ma,
  • Shouding Li,
  • Zhaobin Zhang,
  • Tao Xu,
  • Bo Zheng,
  • Yanzhi Hu,
  • Guanfang Li and
  • Xiao Li

9 April 2024

Oil shale, as a vast potential resource, is considered an important alternative energy source, and its effective development and economic utilization are of significant importance in alleviating the contradiction between energy supply and demand. Pre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,357 Views
15 Pages

Strategies for Optimizing Shut-In Time: New Insights from Shale Long-Term Hydration Experiments

  • Bo Zeng,
  • Enjia Dong,
  • Zhiguang Yao,
  • Yi Song,
  • Zhuang Xiong,
  • Yongzhi Huang,
  • Xiaoyan Gou and
  • Xiaodong Hu

27 May 2024

In the process of hydraulic fracturing, fracturing fluid invades the formation and reacts with shale. Water-sensitive clay minerals swell when exposed to water. This results in a change in the mechanical properties of shale. However, the influences o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
523 Views
17 Pages

11 October 2025

The Chang 7 member of the Ordos Basin hosts abundant shale oil and gas resources and plays a vital role in the development of unconventional energy. This study investigates differences in damage evolution and underlying mechanisms between representat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,013 Views
19 Pages

Preparation and Mechanism of Shale Inhibitor TIL-NH2 for Shale Gas Horizontal Wells

  • Yuexin Tian,
  • Xiangjun Liu,
  • Yintao Liu,
  • Haifeng Dong,
  • Guodong Zhang,
  • Biao Su and
  • Jinjun Huang

19 July 2024

In this study, a new polyionic polymer inhibitor, TIL-NH2, was developed to address the instability of shale gas horizontal wells caused by water-based drilling fluids. The structural characteristics and inhibition effects of TIL-NH2 on mud shale wer...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,103 Views
18 Pages

13 October 2022

Clay minerals are an important part of the mud shale reservoir, and their type of content has a great impact on the hydration of the formation. The hydration of clay minerals causes a decrease in drilling fluid performance, an increase in pore pressu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
52 Citations
4,825 Views
15 Pages

Effect of Amphiphilic Polymer/Nano-Silica Composite on Shale Stability for Water-Based Muds

  • Zhengsong Qiu,
  • Jiangen Xu,
  • Peng Yang,
  • Xin Zhao,
  • Tingbo Mou,
  • Hanyi Zhong and
  • Weian Huang

7 October 2018

Research on using nanotechnology to solve shale instability problems in drilling engineering has been increasing. The combination of amphiphilic polymer and silica nanoparticles may be a new way to improve shale stability. Herein, an amphiphilic poly...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,391 Views
17 Pages

Eco-Friendly Drilling Fluid: Calcium Chloride-Based Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) as an All-Rounder Additive

  • Muhammad Hammad Rasool,
  • Maqsood Ahmad,
  • Numair Ahmed Siddiqui and
  • Aisha Zahid Junejo

21 July 2023

Designing an effective drilling mud is a critical aspect of the drilling process. A well-designed drilling mud should not only provide efficient mud hydraulics but also fulfill three important functions: enhancing mud rheology, inhibiting hydrate for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
567 Views
13 Pages

Experimental Study on the Effect of Drilling Fluid Rheological Properties on the Strength of Brittle Mud Shale

  • Wei Wang,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Fengke Dou,
  • Chengyun Ma,
  • Jianguo Chen,
  • Tongtong Li,
  • Hui Zhang and
  • Wenzhen Yuan

25 September 2025

To investigate the mechanism by which the rheological properties of drilling fluids affect the stability of the wellbore in brittle mud shale, this study systematically examines the influence of drilling fluids with different rheological properties o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,073 Views
17 Pages

Experimental Research of Shale Pellet Swelling in Nano-Based Drilling Muds

  • Borivoje Pašić,
  • Nediljka Gaurina-Međimurec,
  • Petar Mijić and
  • Igor Medved

26 November 2020

The drilling of clay-rich formations, such as shale, is an extremely demanding technical and technological process. Shale consists of mixed clay minerals in different ratios and in contact with water from drilling mud. It tends to swell and cause dif...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,442 Views
17 Pages

Study of Wellbore Instability and Collapse Mechanism for a Layered Continental Shale Oil Horizontal Well

  • Shibin Li,
  • Kai Liang,
  • Changhao Wang,
  • Yao Wang,
  • Yuxuan Jiao,
  • Xiaoxing Zhu and
  • Chunhua Wang

21 June 2022

The shale oil horizontal wells in the Songliao Basin are affected by a lack of mature theories, technologies and experiences in the direction of wellbore stability. Wellbore collapse may occur, and in severe cases, the wellbore may be scrapped, resul...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,618 Views
13 Pages

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Small-Molecule Ammonium as a Shale Hydration Inhibitor

  • Quande Wang,
  • Huifeng He,
  • Yarui Zhao,
  • Jing Rui,
  • Ruichen Jiang,
  • Michal Slaný,
  • Gang Chen and
  • Xuefan Gu

3 November 2024

In this paper, small-molecule quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized by N-alkylation to inhibit hydration swelling and hydration dispersion. The prepared small-molecule quaternary ammonium salt was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTI...

  • Article
  • Open Access
88 Citations
6,375 Views
13 Pages

23 March 2020

In this work, a novel low molecular weight zwitterionic copolymer for improving wellbore stability, which is expected to be an alternative to the current shale inhibitors, was obtained by copolymerization of tris hydroxyethyl allyl ammonium bromide (...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,232 Views
19 Pages

17 October 2022

In this study, lightweight ultra-high-performance concrete (L-UHPC) was prepared by using SP to replace part of the cement. The main study investigated the effect of the amount of SP on the spread diameter, apparent density and mechanical properties...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,958 Views
14 Pages

12 April 2024

The issue of wellbore instability poses a significant challenge in the current exploration of shale gas reservoirs. Exploring more efficient shale stabilizers has always been a common goal pursued by researchers. In this paper, a novel shale stabiliz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,460 Views
14 Pages

11 May 2024

Moisture significantly affects the mechanical behavior of gas shale and further determines the hydraulic fracturing performance, as it is more attractive. Nevertheless, batch experiments have usually involved variable methodologies regarding the prep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,687 Views
13 Pages

An Optimal Model for Determination Shut-In Time Post-Hydraulic Fracturing of Shale Gas Wells: Model, Validation, and Application

  • Jianmin Li,
  • Gang Tian,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Bobo Xie,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Jinchi Teng,
  • Zhihong Zhao and
  • Haozeng Jin

17 February 2024

The global shale gas resources are huge and have good development prospects, but shale is mainly composed of nanoscale pores, which have the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability. Horizontal drilling and volume fracturing techniques ha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
55 Citations
11,926 Views
11 Pages

Polyethylene Glycol Drilling Fluid for Drilling in Marine Gas Hydrates-Bearing Sediments: An Experimental Study

  • Guosheng Jiang,
  • Tianle Liu,
  • Fulong Ning,
  • Yunzhong Tu,
  • Ling Zhang,
  • Yibing Yu and
  • Lixin Kuang

19 January 2011

Shale inhibition, low-temperature performance, the ability to prevent calcium and magnesium-ion pollution, and hydrate inhibition of polyethylene glycol drilling fluid were each tested with conventional drilling-fluid test equipment and an experiment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,098 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Fracturing Fluid Properties on the Flowback Efficiency of Marine and Continental Transitional Shale Gas Reservoirs in Ordos Basin

  • Mingjun Chen,
  • Xianyi Ning,
  • Yili Kang,
  • Jianjun Wu,
  • Bing Li,
  • Yang Shi,
  • Zhehan Lai,
  • Jiajia Bai and
  • Maoling Yan

3 May 2025

The characteristics of marine–continental transitional shale reservoirs and the performance parameters of fracturing fluids, such as pH and mineralization, play a crucial role in influencing the flowback efficiency of these fluids. Excessive re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,272 Views
21 Pages

Permeability Evolution of Shale during High-Ionic-Strength Water Sequential Imbibition

  • Tianhao Bai,
  • Sam Hashemi,
  • Noune Melkoumian,
  • Alexander Badalyan and
  • Abbas Zeinijahromi

22 July 2024

It is widely accepted in the oil and gas industry that high-ionic-strength water (HISW) can improve oil and gas recovery in unconventional shale reservoirs by limiting shale hydration. Despite numerous supporting studies, there is a lack of a systema...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,348 Views
15 Pages

Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Ionic Liquid Copolymer Shale Inhibitor for Drilling Fluid Gel System

  • Zhiwen Dai,
  • Jinsheng Sun,
  • Zhuoyang Xiu,
  • Xianbin Huang,
  • Kaihe Lv,
  • Jingping Liu,
  • Yuanwei Sun and
  • Xiaodong Dong

26 January 2024

An inhibitor that can effectively inhibit shale hydration is necessary for the safe and efficient development of shale gas. In this study, a novel ionic liquid copolymer shale inhibitor (PIL) was prepared by polymerizing the ionic liquid monomers 1-v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,574 Views
21 Pages

Preparation and Application of CO2-Resistant Latex in Shale Reservoir Cementing

  • Chunyuan Jiang,
  • Xuecheng Zheng,
  • Yuanqiang Zhu,
  • Lei Tang,
  • Yuhao Liu,
  • Zhijun Zhao and
  • Hongyu Zhang

7 May 2024

With the application of CO2 fracturing, CO2 huff and puff, CO2 flooding, and other stimulation technologies in shale reservoirs, a large amount of CO2 remained in the formation, which also lead to the serious corrosion problem of CO2 in shale reservo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,294 Views
14 Pages

NMR-Based Analysis of Fluid Occurrence Space and Imbibition Oil Recovery in Gulong Shale

  • Fei Xu,
  • Hanqiao Jiang,
  • Ming Liu,
  • Shuai Jiang,
  • Yong Wang and
  • Junjian Li

31 May 2023

The Gulong shale oil reservoir is situated in freshwater to slightly saline lacustrine basins mainly consisting of a pure shale geological structure, which is quite different from other shale reservoirs around the world. Currently, the development of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
289 Views
20 Pages

Transforming Waste into Value: The Role of Recovered Carbon Fibre and Oil Shale Ash in Enhancing Cement-Based Structural Composites

  • Regina Kalpokaitė-Dičkuvienė,
  • Inga Stasiulaitiene,
  • Arūnas Baltušnikas and
  • Samy Yousef

15 December 2025

Economic and technological factors necessitate the use of alternative fuels during oil shale combustion, a process that generates substantial amounts of solid waste with varying ash compositions. This study evaluates the potential of two such waste m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,210 Views
11 Pages

Study on the Mechanism of Ionic Stabilizers on Shale Gas Reservoir Mechanics in Northwestern Hunan

  • Pinghe Sun,
  • Junyi Zhu,
  • Binkui Zhao,
  • Xinxin Zhang,
  • Han Cao,
  • Mingjin Tian,
  • Meng Han and
  • Weisheng Liu

25 June 2019

The shale of the lower Cambrian Niutitang formation in northwestern Hunan is an ideal reservoir for shale gas. There is a close connection between borehole stability and drilling fluid in shale gas drilling. Ionic stabilizer is a new type of stratum...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,792 Views
13 Pages

Deterioration and Oxidation Characteristics of Black Shale under Immersion and Its Impact on the Strength of Concrete

  • Xin Liao,
  • Wenda Zhang,
  • Jiannan Chen,
  • Qingfeng Wang,
  • Xiyong Wu,
  • Sixiang Ling and
  • Deping Guo

31 May 2020

Black shale, which usually contains pyrite, is easily oxidized and generates acid discharge. This acidic environment is not favorable for concrete in engineering applications and is likely to affect the durability of engineering structures. This stud...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,225 Views
15 Pages

Investigation of the Effect of Fracturing Fluids on Shale Pore Structure by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

  • Xiulan Zhu,
  • Zhiguo Wang,
  • Yang You,
  • Chuang Zhang,
  • Hui Gao,
  • Nan Zhang,
  • Teng Li,
  • Chen Wang and
  • Zhilin Cheng

1 November 2023

Hydraulic fracturing technology significantly enhances the productivity of shale oil and gas reservoirs. Nonetheless, the infiltration of fracturing fluid into shale formations can detrimentally affect the microscopic pore structure, thereby impairin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,776 Views
16 Pages

22 September 2022

During the oil shale drilling in Group Q of Block GL, the shale is prone to hydration, deterioration, sidewall exfoliation and frequent collapse, which affects the efficient exploration and development of shale oil. In order to reveal the mechanism o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,716 Views
24 Pages

15 June 2023

Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions is becoming a significant factor in all industries. Cement manufacturing is one of the industries responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, specifically carbon dioxide emissions. Pozzolanic materials have long b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
825 Views
23 Pages

5 August 2025

During the process of oil and gas drilling, due to the existence of pores or micro-cracks, drilling fluid is prone to invade the formation. Under the action of hydration expansion of clay in the formation and liquid pressure, wellbore instability occ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,504 Views
16 Pages

A Magnetic Surfactant Having One Degree of Unsaturation in the Hydrophobic Tail as a Shale Swelling Inhibitor

  • Mobeen Murtaza,
  • Afeez Gbadamosi,
  • Hafiz Mudaser Ahmad,
  • Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain,
  • Muhammad Shahzad Kamal,
  • Mohamed Mahmoud and
  • Shirish Patil

16 February 2023

One of the foremost causes of wellbore instability during drilling operations is shale swelling and hydration induced by the interaction of clay with water-based mud (WBM). Recently, the use of surfactants has received great interest for preventing s...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
890 Views
17 Pages

8 April 2025

Hydraulic fracturing is widely used for developing shale reservoirs with low porosity and permeability. Large volumes of fracturing fluids are injected into reservoirs, yet the impact of these fluids on shale is not entirely understood. This study in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,238 Views
14 Pages

25 June 2023

Our research group prepared a new filling paste consisting of steel slag–oil shale residue and no admixtures. It was used as the research object to explore the combined effect of chloride and dry–wet cycling-driven erosion on the long-ter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,977 Views
19 Pages

Experimental Study on the Forcible Imbibition Law of Water in Shale Gas Reservoirs

  • Zhihong Zhao,
  • Yanyan He,
  • Jianchun Guo,
  • Xiaoqiang Zheng,
  • Liang Tao and
  • Xianan Deng

31 March 2023

Water imbibition is a key factor affecting the flowback regime of shale gas wells after volume fracturing. In this study, a set of experimental apparatus and corresponding test and evaluation methods were developed to analyze the laws of forcible imb...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,441 Views
14 Pages

New Steps to Deep-Water Hydrate Long-Term Mining by Formation Stabilization

  • Dong Lin,
  • Yuhuan Bu,
  • Changyou Xiang,
  • Chang Lu,
  • Huajie Liu and
  • Shenglai Guo

24 November 2023

The decomposition of hydrates can cause serious sand production and collapse problems, hindering the long-term effective production of hydrates. This study proposes a theory for framework reconstruction and reinforcement for deep-water hydrate layers...

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