Presbyopia is increasing globally due to aging and the widespread use of visual display terminals. Presbyopia is a decrease in the eye’s amplitude of accommodation (AA) due to loss of crystalline lens elasticity. AA differs widely among individ...
Pupillometry can be used as a method for monitoring pain. There are experimental conditions under which standard pupillometry equipment cannot be used. Studying the effects of different pulse forms used for transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSC...
We compared the efficacy of controlling the annual increase in axial length (AL) in myopic Caucasian children based on two parameters: the back optic zone diameter (BOZD) of the orthokeratology (OK) lens and plus power ring diameter (PPRD) or mid-per...
Background: Concussion examination is based primarily on clinical evaluation and symptomatic reporting. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) metrics may provide an objective physiological marker to inform concussion diagnosis and recovery, but few studies ha...
Pupillary alterations in virtual humans induce neurophysiological responses within an observer. Technological advances have enabled rapid developments in artificial intelligence (AI), from verbal systems, to visual AI interfaces with the ability to e...
Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is a common cause of episodic vertigo, yet its diagnosis remains primarily clinical and is often complicated by the absence of reliable objective biomarkers. Pupillary nystagmus, reflecting spontaneous oscillation...
There are indications that the pupillary dilation response (PDR) reflects surprising moments in an auditory sequence such as the appearance of a deviant noise against repetitively presented pure tones (Liao, Yoneya, Kidani, Kashino, & Furukawa, 2...
Background: During routine diagnosis of brain death, changes in pupil diameter in response to the stimulation of peripheral nerves are sometimes observed. For example, pupillary dilation after diagnosed brain death is described in the literature as t...
Both physiological and neurological mechanisms are reflected in pupillary rhythms via neural pathways between the brain and pupil nerves. This study aims to interpret the phenomenon of motion sickness such as fatigue, anxiety, nausea and disorientati...
With recent advances in technology, there has been growing interest in use of eye-tracking and pupillometry to assess the visual pathway in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Within emerging literature, an atypical pupillary light reflex (PLR) has been...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system which produces abnormalities in visual function, as disturbed pupillary responses, even after an episode of optic neuritis (ON). The aim was to assess diff...
We examined effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the pupillary light reflex (PLR). Phasic pupillary response to a single light stimulus (200 ms) (pPLR) and to continuous sinusoidal stimuli with four different frequencies (0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 1.3Hz) (cPLR)...
Background/Objectives: Quantitative pupillometry objectively assesses neurological status and has demonstrated prognostic value after cardiac arrest. Nonetheless, it remains unclear whether longitudinal changes in quantitative pupillary parameters ar...
This study aims to describe a new universal method to identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary, and optical axes of the eye and the angles between them using topography elevation data. The method was validated in a larg...
30 October 2021
The Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a tingling sensation across the scalp that occur in response to specific triggering audio and visual stimuli, connected with the Default Mode Network. Our study (N = 76) aimed to test the neurophysio...
This paper presents the design and feasibility evaluation of a low-cost, head-mounted pupil dilation tracking system based on computer vision. The proposed solution employs a standard webcam and active infrared illumination, enabling stable eye image...
Background/Objectives: Pupillometry offers a non-invasive method for assessing nociceptive responses during anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine on pupillary reflex dilation (PDR) and the Pupillary Pain Index...
Following the contraindication of codeine use in children, increasing use of tramadol has been observed in pain management protocols. However, tramadol’s pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics are influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 acti...
The size of our pupils changes continuously in response to variations in ambient light levels, a process known as the pupillary light reflex (PLR). The PLR is not a simple reflex as its function is modulated by cognitive brain function and any long-t...
This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes in the anterior chamber depth (ACD) and refractive prediction error (RPE) of 6 and 7 mm diameter intraocular lenses (IOLs) after cataract surgery or phacovitrectomy with or without sulfur hexafluor...
Background/Objectives: Traumatic acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) often requires surgical intervention, such as craniotomy, to relieve mass lesions and pressure. The extent of hematoma evacuation significantly impacts patient outcomes. This study utili...
Background: Quantitative pupillometry has been proposed as an objective means to diagnose acute sports-related concussion (SRC). Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a smartphone-based quantitative pupillometer in the acute diagnosis of SR...
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a predominantly respiratory syndrome. Growing reports about a SARS-CoV-2 neurological involvement, including autonomic dysfunction (AD), have been reported, mostly in critically-ill patients, or in the long-COVID...
Background: Acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is associated with a high risk of epilepsy, a complication linked to poor outcomes. Craniotomy is a known risk factor, with an epilepsy incidence of approximately 25%. This study evaluated radiomic features...
Pupillary hippus, i.e., the spontaneous bilateral oscillation of pupil diameter under constant illumination, provides a non-invasive window into autonomic and central nervous system dynamics. Despite decades of research, a unified framework linking i...
Phacoemulsification is the standard of care in cataract surgery in the developed world, with patients having high expectations regarding visual results. Postoperative dissatisfaction due to negative dysphotopsia (ND) ranges from rare to very frequent...
Introduction: Previous studies have shown those with a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) have altered pupillary light responses compared with those without a history of TBI. Those with a history of TBI are also more likely to have accommodati...
Background/Objectives: Post-COVID syndrome (PCS) encompasses symptoms that persist for at least 12 weeks after the onset of a COVID-19 infection and cannot be explained by other causes. The most common symptoms are fatigue, cognitive impairments, and...
Neurological disorders and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are among the leading causes of death and disability. The pupillary light reflex (PLR) is an emerging diagnostic tool for concussion in humans. We compared PLR obtained with a commercially avail...
The early components of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the...
Background/Objectives: Postoperative pain pharmacology is complex. We investigated the sensitivity of analgesic-like effects induced by morphine, ibuprofen, and their combination to peripheral opioid antagonism in a mouse laparotomy model. Methods: M...
Background: Early and objective identification of cognitive decline in aging populations remains a clinical challenge. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) and eye movement parameters represent non-invasive, quantitative biomarkers of autonomic and central n...