320 Results Found

With concerns about the efficacy of repeat annual influenza vaccination, it is important to better understand the impact of priming vaccine immunity and develop an effective vaccination strategy. Here, we determined the impact of heterologous prime-b...

In a previous vaccination study in pigs, heterologous prime-boost vaccination with whole-inactivated H1N1 virus vaccines (WIV) induced superior antibody responses and protection compared to homologous prime-boost vaccination. However, no pan-H1 antib...

Heterologous prime-boost settings with a protein vaccine and the viral vector vesicular stomatitis virus, both expressing tumor-associated antigens (KISIMA-TAA and VSV-GP-TAA), have been previously shown to generate potent antitumor immunity. In the...

In a previous study in influenza-naïve pigs, heterologous prime-boost vaccination with monovalent, adjuvanted whole inactivated vaccines (WIV) based on the European swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) strain, A/swine/Gent/172/2008 (G08), followed by...

Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins and has been reported to be highly expressed in a variety of cancer types, making it a high priority target for cancer vaccination. We previously described a heterologous prime-boo...

COVID-19 vaccination strategies, including heterologous prime–boost regimens and additional booster doses, aim to optimize immune responses. However, seroepidemiological studies on immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccine types and schedu...

Homologous prime-boost vaccinations with live vectors typically fail to induce repeated strong CD8+ T cell responses due to the induction of anti-vector immunity, highlighting the need for alternative delivery vehicles. The unique ether lipids of arc...

The protection induced by vaccines against infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue or hepatitis relies on a the creation of immune memory by T cells, key components of the human immune system. The induction of a strong T cell response leading to...

Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) is a crucial opportunistic pathogen normally causing mastitis, abscesses and pneumonia in economically important ruminants. Although only one commercial vaccine of T. pyogenes is currently obtainable, its immunoprot...

Therapeutic vaccine studies should be designed to elicit durable, high magnitude, and efficacious T cell responses, all of which can be impacted by the choice of the vaccination schedule. Here, we compare different prime-boost intervals (PBI) in a hu...

Three commercial vaccines are administered in domestic livestock farms for routine vaccination to aid for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control in Korea. Each vaccine contains distinct combinations of inactivated serotype O and A FMD virus (FMDV) anti...

Currently, there are more than 30 million people infected with HIV-1 and thousands more are infected each day. Vaccination is the single most effective mechanism for prevention of viral disease, and after more than 25 years of research, one vaccine h...

Many different vaccine candidates against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, are currently approved and under development. Vaccine platforms vary from mRNA vaccines to viral-vectored vacci...

Various safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines utilizing different platforms (mRNA, adenovirus vector, inactivated virus-based) are available against SARS-CoV-2 infection. A prime-boost regimen (administration of two doses) is recommended to induce an...

Background: Although mRNA vaccines have the potential to be developed and deployed rapidly to combat infectious diseases, the ideal method of administration and boosting schedule strategy for generating optimal immunogenicity is an area of active res...

Background: Immune response assessed by the quantification of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and predictors associated with immunogenicity after the prime-boost ChAdOx1 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains...

Within a year after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, several vaccines had been developed, clinically evaluated, proven to be efficacious in preventing symptomatic disease, and licensed for global use. The remaining questions about the vaccines concern th...

Background: Emerging immune-evasive viral variants threaten the efficacy of current vaccines, underscoring the need for strategies that elicit broad and durable protection. Heterologous prime–boost regimens combining distinct vaccine platforms...

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which partially escaped the vaccine-induced immunity provided by two doses of vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac), the National Vaccine Committee recommended the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (Oxford&nda...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection remains a major health problem worldwide. Although the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the most widely used vaccination for preventing tuberculosis (TB), its efficacy is limited. We previous...

Previous reports have shown that heterologous boosting with the AD5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine Convidecia based on a primary series of two doses of inactivated vaccine induces increasing immune responses. However, the immune persistence until 6 months...

Modern vaccine development is having a golden period, with a variety of novel subunit technologies being introduced into clinical development in recent years. This opens the opportunity to find the best platform to use for novel vaccine antigen candi...

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has become a significant public health concern due to the increasing number of outbreaks worldwide and the associated comorbidities. Despite substantial efforts, there is no specific treatment or licensed vaccine against CHI...

We investigated effectiveness of (1) mRNA booster vaccination versus primary vaccination only and (2) heterologous (viral vector–mRNA) versus homologous (mRNA–mRNA) prime-boost vaccination against severe outcomes of BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 or BA...

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) isolated from HIV-infected individuals delineate vulnerable sites on the HIV envelope glycoprotein that are potential vaccine targets. A linear epitope within the N-terminal region of the HIV-1 fusion peptide (...

Background: Long-lived, re-activatable immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and its emerging variants will rely on T cells recognizing conserved regions of viral proteins across strains. Heterologous prime–boost regimens can elicit elevated levels of circula...

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are treated with drugs that may impact immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Evaluation of “prime-boost” (heterologous) vaccination regimens including a first administration of a viral vector-based vaccine...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant human health and economic consequences. Due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to spread rapidly and to cause severe disease and mortality in certain population groups, vaccines are essential for controlling the pan...

Background/Objectives: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes herpes zoster (HZ/shingles), particularly in older adults with weakened cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which is essential for controlling VZV reactivation and reducing HZ severity. Currently v...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) represents a major burden to global health, and refined vaccines are needed. Replication-deficient lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV)-based vaccine vectors against cytomegalovirus have proven safe for human us...

Background/Objectives: Developing durable cellular immunity remains a critical challenge for HIV vaccine development. Methods: We evaluated a sequential and repeated heterologous prime–boost vaccination regimen using four distinct vector-based...

Immunity against respiratory pathogens is often short-term, and, consequently, there is an unmet need for the effective prevention of such infections. One such infectious disease is coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel Beta...

Despite limited data on safety and immunogenicity, heterologous prime-boost vaccination is currently recommended for individuals with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 prime immunization in certain age groups. In this prospective, single-center study we included 166 h...

Even though several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown high effectiveness in the prevention of COVID-19 in healthy subjects, vaccination response in patients with plasma-cell-related disorders (PCD) remains widely unknown. Here, we report on an analysis...

Avian influenza viruses from the A/H5 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GsGd) lineage pose a continuing threat to animal and human health. Since their emergence in 1997, these viruses have spread across multiple continents and have become enzootic in poultry...

Foot and mouth disease is a highly contagious disease affecting cattle, sheep, and swine among other cloven-hoofed animals that imposes serious economic burden by its direct effects on farm productivity as well as on commerce of farmed produce. Vacci...

Following the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the persistent genetic variability in the virus and its ongoing circulation within the global population necessitate the enhancement of existing preventive vaccines and the development of novel ones....

A recently reported parallel preclinical study between a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine and an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine adjuvanted with alum showed pulmonary immunopathology typical of eosinophil accum...

Background: The rapid genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of immune-evading, highly transmissible variants of concern (VOCs). This prompts the need for next-generation vaccines that elicit robust mucosal immunity in the airways t...

Background: Pneumococcal prime-boost vaccination is recommended for solid organ transplant recipients and candidates. The long-term durability of the antibody (AB) response is unknown. The same applies to a dose-dependent immune response. Methods: We...

Background: Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are administered systemically and typically result in poor immunogenicity at the mucosa. As a result, vaccination is unable to reduce viral shedding and transmi...

Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed at unprecedented pace, productively exploiting contemporary fundamental research and prior art. Large-scale use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has greatly limited severe morbidity and...

A prime–boost strategy of COVID-19 vaccines brings hope to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while the immunogenicity of the vaccines is waning over time. Whether a booster dose of vaccine is needed has become a widely controversial issue. Howeve...

The development of a safe and effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is a global priority due to the current high SARS-CoV-2 infection rate. Currently, there are over 160 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates at the clinical or pre-clinical stages of...

The present study evaluates the adverse effects of three vaccines: AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), Pfizer/BioNTech (Comirnaty) and Moderna (Spikevax) according to the dose. From 733 participants collected, the vaccine schedule was as follows: 330 (45%) rece...

During the natural course of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is typically lost, while the direct transmission of HBeAg-negative HBV may result in fulminant hepatitis B. While the induction of HBV-specific...

In several countries, thrombotic events after vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 have led to heterologous messenger RNA (mRNA) boosting. We tested the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein four weeks after heterologous priming with the ChAdOx1...

Despite treatment and other interventions, an effective prophylactic HIV vaccine is still an essential goal in the control of HIV. Inducing robust and long-lasting antibody responses is one of the main targets of an HIV vaccine. The delivery of HIV e...

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease caused by chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) that poses a great threat to the poultry industry worldwide. At present, vaccination is an important way to prevent and control CIA. Apar...

Background/Objectives: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging, widely distributed zoonotic tick-borne pathogen. The virus causes severe disease in humans, and numerous wild and domestic animals act as reservoirs of it. Unf...