Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort

Adnan, Nihad; Haq, Md. Ahsanul; Akter, Salma; Sajal, S. M. Shafiul Alam; Islam, Md. Fokhrul; Mou, Taslin Jahan; Jamiruddin, Mohd. Raeed; Jubyda, Fatema Tuz; Islam, Md. Salequl; Tuli, Jamsheda Ferdous; Liza, Syeda Moriam; Hossain, Sharif; Islam, Zinia; Ahmed, Sohel; Khandker, Shahad Saif; Hossain, Rubel; Ahmed, Md. Firoz; Khondoker, Mohib Ullah; Azmuda, Nafisa; Parvez, Md. Anowar Khasru

doi:10.3390/vaccines12050482

Open AccessArticle

Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort

by

Nihad Adnan

^1,*

,

Md. Ahsanul Haq

²

,

Salma Akter

¹

,

S. M. Shafiul Alam Sajal

³,

Md. Fokhrul Islam

^4,5,

Taslin Jahan Mou

^1,4,

Mohd. Raeed Jamiruddin

⁶

,

Fatema Tuz Jubyda

¹,

Md. Salequl Islam

^1,7

,

Jamsheda Ferdous Tuli

¹

,

Syeda Moriam Liza

¹,

Sharif Hossain

⁸

,

Zinia Islam

⁸,

Sohel Ahmed

⁹,

Shahad Saif Khandker

³

,

Rubel Hossain

³

,

Md. Firoz Ahmed

¹,

Mohib Ullah Khondoker

^3,10,

Nafisa Azmuda

¹ and

Md. Anowar Khasru Parvez

^1,*

¹

Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

²

RNA Biotech Limited, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh

³

Gonoshasthaya-RNA Biotech Limited, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

⁴

Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK

⁵

Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

⁶

School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh

⁷

School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

⁸

Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

⁹

Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh

¹⁰

Gonoshasthaya Samaj Vittik Medical College, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Vaccines 2024, 12(5), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050482

Submission received: 25 February 2024 / Revised: 14 April 2024 / Accepted: 22 April 2024 / Published: 30 April 2024

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Immunity and Persistence to SARS-CoV-2 Induced by Infection and Vaccination, Protection against New Infections and Implication for Further Vaccination)

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Abstract

COVID-19 vaccination strategies, including heterologous prime–boost regimens and additional booster doses, aim to optimize immune responses. However, seroepidemiological studies on immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccine types and schedules remain limited. This study investigated antibody levels following homologous and heterologous prime-and-boost COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh. In a cohort of 606 participants who received first/second/booster doses of vaccines (AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Sinopharm), anti-spike IgG and anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels were measured. Antibody titer variations with respect to age, gender, intervals between doses, and prior infection status were analyzed. mRNA vaccines elicited the highest antibody levels after homologous and heterologous boosting. The AstraZeneca booster resulted in a sharp titer decline rate of ~0.04 units per day. Second or booster vaccine doses significantly increased antibody levels, especially in males (p < 0.05). Older age correlated with higher titers, likely reflecting previous infection, which was further confirmed by the elevation of anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels. About 95.5% of non-Sinopharm recipients were anti-nucleocapsid IgG positive, suggesting prior exposure exceeding self-reported infections (12.5%). mRNA and heterologous COVID-19 boosting enhances humoral immunity over homologous prime–boost vector/inactivated vaccination. However, waning immunity merits further investigation across vaccine platforms.

Keywords: heterologous prime and boost; COVID-19 vaccination; humoral immunity; heterologous booster dose

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MDPI and ACS Style

Adnan, N.; Haq, M.A.; Akter, S.; Sajal, S.M.S.A.; Islam, M.F.; Mou, T.J.; Jamiruddin, M.R.; Jubyda, F.T.; Islam, M.S.; Tuli, J.F.; et al. Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort. Vaccines 2024, 12, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050482

AMA Style

Adnan N, Haq MA, Akter S, Sajal SMSA, Islam MF, Mou TJ, Jamiruddin MR, Jubyda FT, Islam MS, Tuli JF, et al. Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort. Vaccines. 2024; 12(5):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050482

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adnan, Nihad, Md. Ahsanul Haq, Salma Akter, S. M. Shafiul Alam Sajal, Md. Fokhrul Islam, Taslin Jahan Mou, Mohd. Raeed Jamiruddin, Fatema Tuz Jubyda, Md. Salequl Islam, Jamsheda Ferdous Tuli, and et al. 2024. "Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort" Vaccines 12, no. 5: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050482

APA Style

Adnan, N., Haq, M. A., Akter, S., Sajal, S. M. S. A., Islam, M. F., Mou, T. J., Jamiruddin, M. R., Jubyda, F. T., Islam, M. S., Tuli, J. F., Liza, S. M., Hossain, S., Islam, Z., Ahmed, S., Khandker, S. S., Hossain, R., Ahmed, M. F., Khondoker, M. U., Azmuda, N., & Parvez, M. A. K. (2024). Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort. Vaccines, 12(5), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050482

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Antibody Response after Homologous and Heterologous Prime–Boost COVID-19 Vaccination in a Bangladeshi Residential University Cohort

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