51 Results Found

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a disease that causes thrombocytopenia and a risk of bleeding in the (unborn) child that result from maternal alloantibodies directed against fetal, paternally inherited, human platelet antige...

Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the maternal immune response against fetal-specific antigens inherited from the father. The diagnosis is ascertained only when the maternal alloantibody and the offending antigen present in the newbor...

Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a rare condition in which maternal alloantibodies to fetal platelets cause fetal thrombocytopenia that may lead to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Off-label intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) ha...

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis remains a clinical challenge due to nonspecific signs and limitations of conventional biomarkers. The immature platelet fraction (IPF), a novel hematologic parameter reflecting thrombopoieti...

Background/Objectives: Platelet transfusions are administered to preterm neonates with thrombocytopenia prophylactically to decrease their bleeding risk. The amplitude difference between the extrinsic rotational thromboelastometry (EXTEM) and the fib...

(1) Background: ABO blood group incompatibility between the mother and fetus protects against anti-D immunization by pregnancy. The possible role of ABO incompatibility in protecting against anti-human platelet antigen-1a immunization is unclear. (2)...

Background: Incompatibilities between the mother and unborn baby can cause complications that must be identified early to initiate the appropriate treatment. For example, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (N...

Reducing neonatal mortality is a global challenge. This study’s objective was to determine the predictors of mortality in patients with neonatal sepsis. The study was a retrospective cohort study in a Peruvian hospital from January 2014 to Apri...

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), as well as fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), represent two important disease entities that are caused by maternal IgG antibodies directed against nonmaternally inherited antigen...

Fetal/neonatal allo-immune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) results from maternal immunization against fetal platelet-specific antigens (HPA) inherited from the father. Most cases involve HPA located on glycoproteins (GP) IbIX, IaIIa and IIbIIIa. Iso-immuniz...

Introduction: For pregnant women with a history of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) or hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), prenatal intervention in subsequent pregnancies may be necessary to prevent complications...

Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the bilateral absence of the radius and thrombocytopenia, and sometimes by other skeletal, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and renal abnormalities. The underlying...

Background/Objectives: Maternal thrombocytopenia, affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies, may be physiological (e.g., gestational thrombocytopenia) or pathological (e.g., immune thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, preeclampsia, systemic lu...

Multiple papulonodular skin lesions at birth can indicate the presence of various benign and malignant disorders. Although the lesions’ clinical aspect (color and consistency, in particular) may steer the clinician towards one disorder or another (in...

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is made after processing plasma from healthy donors. It is composed mainly of pooled immunoglobulin and has clinical evidence-based applications in adult and pediatric populations. Recently, several clinical applica...

We describe a family with both hearing loss (HL) and thrombocytopenia, caused by pathogenic variants in three genes. The proband was a child with neonatal thrombocytopenia, childhood-onset HL, hyper-laxity and severe myopia. The child’s mother (and s...

Detection of severe hypofibrinogenemia (<50 mg/dL) in a neonate soon after birth is alarming because of the risk of hemorrhage. A female neonate was noted to be hypofibrinogenemic (<50 mg/dL) on day 0 of birth; she showed no thrombocytopenia/co...

Background/Objectives: Conventional Coagulation Tests (CCTs) fail to accurately reflect Preeclampsia’s (PE’s) coagulation status, disease progression, and hemostatic alterations. They do not differentiate between the normal hypercoagulabi...

Background: Motor vehicle accidents account for the majority of abdominal trauma in pregnancy and can result in fetal morbidity and mortality. With advancing gestation, the fetus becomes more vulnerable to injury. Case presentation: A preterm neonate...

Background/Objectives: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare, locally aggressive vascular tumor of infancy, often complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP), a consumptive coagulopathy characterized by severe thrombocytopenia an...

Background and Objectives: Early detection of neonatal sepsis is critical because it is potentially fatal. Therefore, sepsis biomarkers of sufficient sensitivity and specificity are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of peripheral blood...

Neonatal alloimmune neutropenia, variably referred to in the literature as NAIN, FNAIN or NIN, is a disorder of neutrophil destruction in newborns similar to better-known conditions such as hemolytic disease of the newborn and neonatal alloimmune thr...

Background: MYH9-related disease (MYH9-RD) is the most common form of inherited thrombocytopenia (IT). It is caused by pathogenic variants in the MYH9 gene. It manifests as early-onset macrothrombocytopenia with variable later-onset extra-hematologic...

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications during the perinatal period. Thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and prolonged standard coagulation tests are observed in this populati...

Background: Perinatal hypoxia may result in coagulation dysfunction. Diminished blood flow or oxygen to the fetus/neonate during the perinatal period can cause bone marrow and liver function impairment, leading to thrombocytopenia, impaired synthesis...

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (also known as group B streptococcus, GBS) is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates in infants, especially those with complicated GBS sepsis, defined as those with meningitis, severe sepsis and/or sep...

Immunoglobulins (IGs) are widely used for the treatment of immunodeficiency syndromes and several autoimmune diseases. In neonates, IGs have been used for the treatment of alloimmune thrombocytopenia, in neonatal infections and in the rare cases of n...

The management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and the prediction of patient response to therapy still represent a significant and constant challenge in hematology. ITP is a heterogeneous disease with an unpredictable evolution. Although the pathoge...

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital and acquired viral infections in newborns. While acquired infections are often asymptomatic, premature infants—especially those born before 30 weeks of gestation or wit...

Shwachman Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is a multi-system disease characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption, infantile neutropenia and aplastic anemia. Life-threatening complications include progression to acute myeloid leukemia...

Background: An early form of preeclampsia is rare. Abnormal placentation, placental perfusion disorders, and inflammatory cytokine release will have an effect on the fetus and newborn. Material and methods: The study group consisted of preterm newbor...

(1) Background: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), named Günther’s disease, is a rare recessive type of porphyria, resulting from deficient uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS), the fourth enzyme of heme biosynthesis. The phenotype...

Capnocytophaga species are gram-negative bacilli that inhabit mammalian oral surfaces and can cause opportunistic infection, especially in asplenic patients. The species Capnocytophaga canimorsus is particularly associated with dog bites and is known...

Subconjunctival bleeding in neonatal calves is most commonly seen in association with birth trauma. There are currently no investigations available that examine the systemic causes of this phenomenon. In this prospective and exploratory case–co...

Background/Objective: Late-onset sepsis (LOS), a systemic infection occurring after 72 h of life, is a significant issue of morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates. Nevertheless, in this population, cultures frequently remain negative, even in th...

Efgartigimod is a novel neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist that reduces pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, offering a targeted therapeutic approach for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) and other antibody-mediated autoimmune dise...

Postnatal cytomegalovirus (pCMV) infection is typically asymptomatic in term infants but poses significant risks to very preterm and very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The primary mode of transmission of pCMV is breast milk from seropositive mothe...

One of the most important causes of portal hypertension among children is extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EHPVT). The most common risk factors for EHPVT are neonatal umbilical vein catheterization, transfusions, bacterial infections, dehydration...

Background and Objectives: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) persists as a major global cause of preventable childhood blindness. While early diagnosis and timely intervention can significantly mitigate visual loss, research is increasingly focused on...

Severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) requiring intrauterine transfusions (IUTs) may cause iron accumulation, resulting in liver damage, which may lead to cholestasis and coagulation disorders. In this article, we reported a case o...

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by peripheral platelet destruction and inappropriate bone marrow production. The management of ITP is based on the utilization of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, rituximab, thr...

Congenital toxoplasmosis presents with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe disease with multi-organ failure. We report a rare fatal case of disseminated congenital toxoplasmosis in a human neonate. The infant initi...

In 2020, a new coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be highly morbid in pregnant women, being a risk factor for several obstetric conditions leading...

Background and Objectives: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) represents a severe gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and predictive parameters for NEC requiring surgery and to evaluate assoc...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a risk factor in pregnancy; the differential diagnosis between CKD and preeclampsia (PE) may be of pivotal importance for pregnancy management and for early treatment of CKD. Acknowledging th...

The immune system is a complex network of multiple cells, tissues, and organs that protects the body against foreign pathogenic invaders. However, the immune system may mistakenly attack healthy cells and tissues due to the cross-reactivity of anti-p...

May–Hegglin anomaly (MHA) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder in the spectrum of myosin heavy chain-related disorders (MYH9-RD), characterized by congenital macrothrombocytopenia and white blood cell inclusions. MHA carries a potential risk of hemo...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a condition associated with SARS-CoV-2, typically results in mild infection in infants and children. However, children with risk factors such as chronic lung disease and immunosuppression have higher risk of sever...

Background: Nirsevimab is approved in the US for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in neonates and infants during their first RSV season and in children aged ≤24 months who remain vulnerable to sev...

Background: Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly, white matter lesions, numerous intracranial calcifications, chilblain skin lesions and high levels of interferon-α (IFN-α)...