436 Results Found

The Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter is a relatively new power converter topology appropriate for high-power Alternating Current (AC) to AC purposes. Several publications in the literature have highlighted the converter capabilities such as modula...

This review article is mainly oriented to the control and applications of modular multilevel converters (MMC). The main topologies of the switching modules are presented, for normal operation and for the elimination of DC faults. Methods to keep the...

In the next years, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are going to be a next generation multilevel converters for medium to high voltage conversion applications, such as medium voltage motor drives, medium voltage flexible AC transmission systems (...

The use of an internal digital communication network enhances the scalability, implementation and maintenance of Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC). However, it also introduces delays that limit the sampling frequency and the controller dynamic perf...

This work presents a comparison of three different modulation techniques applied to modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The three modulation strategies studied in this paper are the phase-shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PS-SPWM), the spa...

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an advanced voltage source converter applicable to a wide range of medium and high-voltage applications. It has competitive advantages such as quality output performance, high modularity, simple scalability, an...

This paper demonstrates the interoperability of an emerging alternate arm converter (AAC) with the state-of-the-art modular multilevel converter (MMC) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems based on a hybrid VSC-HVDC system. The paper also sho...

The present paper introduces the formulation and development of a bilinear quadratic control algorithm for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMCs), with a specific emphasis on achieving internal energy stabilization and balance within the converter. A bi...

Modular multilevel converters are playing a key role in the present and future development of topologies for medium–to–high–power applications. Among this category of power converters, there is a direct AC–AC modular multileve...

Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are a topology that can scale several voltage levels to obtain higher efficiency and lower harmonics than most voltage-source converters. MMCs are very attractive for renewable energy applications and fast chargin...

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is well suited for high-power and medium-voltage applications. However, its performance is adversely affected by asymmetry that might be introduced by the failure of a limited number of submodules (SMs) or even by s...

In this paper, a new One-Cycle-Control (OCC) method is designed for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on the principle of the equivalent resistance constant. The proposed controller has a simple structure and a small amount of calculation by...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a research hotspot in medium-voltage and high-voltage applications. The measurement offset error would cause an increase in the monitoring error of the submodule (SM) capacitance of the MMC, affecting the est...

The sorting algorithm is the most widely accepted capacitor voltage balancing strategy for a modular multilevel converter. This strategy offers to keep the balance among submodule capacitor voltages under all of the modular multilevel converter worki...

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) in a high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission system consists of an electric-coupled physical system and a communication-coupled cyber system, leading to a cyber-physical system (CPS). Such a CPS is vulnera...

The concept of the modular multilevel converter (MLC) has been raising interest in research in order to improve their performance and applicability. The potential of an MLC is enormous, with a great focus on medium- and high-voltage applications, suc...

A single fault detection and location for Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is of great significance, as numbers of sub-modules (SMs) in MMC are connected in series. In this paper, a novel fault detection and location method is proposed for MMC in t...

Modular multilevel converters have emerged as a common solution in high-voltage and medium-voltage applications due to their scalability and modularity. However, these advantages come at the cost of increased control complexity, particularly when com...

Recent Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology allows for drastic improvements in power electronic conversion such as higher energy quality, lower power semiconductors electrical stress, decreased Electro-Magnetic Interferences (EMI), and reduced...

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) has gained significant popularity over the past decade due to its versatility. The MMC features have been leveraged in numerous fields, including high-voltage DC transmission, electric vehicle power trains, moto...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in power-conversion applications, including distributed energy storage integration, because of their scalability, high efficiency, and reduced harmonic distortion. Integrating battery storage syste...

Transformer-less connection schemes can provide a feasible solution for lowering the economic cost, occupied space, and device weight of modular multilevel converter (MMC) systems. However, due to the reduction in the converter transformer, the curre...

To provide ancillary services in HVDC applications, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) with integration of energy storage systems are a promising solution as they take advantage of the modularity and the controllability of the stored energy. In the...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become one of the most attractive topologies for high-voltage and high-power applications. A double-carrier phase disposition pulse width modulation (DCPDPWM) method for MMCs is proposed in this paper. Only d...

This paper investigates the optimal sliding mode control (SMC) of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) by considering control input constraints. Conventional SMC methods for MMCs typically overlook the system’s constraints. To address this, an...

This paper proposes a real-time testing scheme for individual modules of Modular Multi-level Converters (MMCs), which are used in VSC-HVDC systems and high-voltage electric motor drives. In MMCs for voltage-source HVDCs, multiple submodules (SMs) are...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are susceptible to subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs) caused by impedance interactions in the power line. Current research into the stability of MMCs focuses mainly on voltage feed-forward control, while the effec...

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has unique topological characteristics and has gained significant popularity in medium-voltage applications. However, during MMC operation, circulating currents inevitably arise, exacerbating arm current distort...

The deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique has gained attention for its potential in designing “virtual network” controllers. This skill utilizes a novel solution that can avoid the specific parameters and system model required in cl...

The AC voltage control of a DC/DC converter based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is considered under normal operation and during a local DC fault. By actively setting the AC voltage according to the two DC voltages of the DC/DC converter,...

A quantitative analysis of the fault transient is critical for system resilience assessment and protection coordination. Focusing on hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC architecture with enhanced fault ride-through (FRT) capability,...

This paper discusses some wide-range soft-switching full-bridge (FB) modular multilevel dc–dc converters (MMDCs), and a comparative evaluation of these FB MMDCs is also presented. The discussed topologies have all merits belonging to convention...

The modular multilevel matrix converter is a relatively new power converter topology suitable for high-power alternating current (AC)-to-AC applications. Several publications in the literature have highlighted the converter capabilities, such as full...

A new topology has been recently proposed for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems, using modular multilevel converters (MMCs) and distributing PV panels throughout the MMC cells. This topology has two main advantages: it reduces the power losses...

This paper proposes a novel voltage estimation scheme for the modular multilevel converter (MMC) based on model predictive control (MPC). The developed strategy is presented by combining a disturbance observer (DOB) with an adaptive neural network (A...

In the developing context of distributed generation and flexible smart grids, in order to realize electrochemical storage systems, Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) represent an interesting alternative to the more traditional Voltage Source Invert...

The High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission technology employing modular multilevel converters (MMCs) can effectively enhance the transmission efficiency and stability of offshore wind farms, thereby aiding the promotion of large−scale...

Grid-forming (GFM) converters are promising for renewable energy integration, but their overcurrent limitation during grid faults remains a critical challenge. Existing overcurrent-limiting strategies were primarily developed for two-level converters...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are widely used in voltage-sourced, converter-based high-voltage DC systems due to their modular design, scalability, and fault tolerance capabilities. In MMCs, multi-variable control objectives can be employed by...

This paper presents the development of a hardware simulator based on the junction-temperature of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules in modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The MMC consists of various power-electronics components, and t...

Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based HVDC systems have become one promising way to integrate a large amount of renewable energy. However, the high-frequency harmonics problem could seriously affect the safety and stable operation level of MMC-HVD...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs), with their inherent features and advantages over other conventional converters, have gained popularity and remain an ongoing topic of research. Many scholars have solved issues related to the operation, control,...

To investigate the oscillation problems in power systems with modular multilevel converters (MMCs), a disturbance-state model of the MMC under P/Q control mode is established based on the harmonic state-space (HSS) method. Firstly, the basic structur...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have gained widespread adoption in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission due to their high voltage levels, low harmonic content, and high scalability. However, conventional control methods such as finite...

Although the traditional model predictive control (MPC) can theoretically provide AC current and circulating current control for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in battery energy storage grid-connected systems, it suffers from stability problems...

Modular and cascaded multilevel converters provide a functional solution for the integration of energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper develops a hybrid multilevel converter based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) that can be functionally...

A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is considered to be a promising topology for medium- or high-power applications. However, a significantly increased amount of sub-modules (SMs) in each arm also increase the risk of failures. Focusing on the fault...

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) represent the forefront of power converter technology, with wide-ranging applications across diverse industries. Over recent decades, substantial research and development efforts have been dedicated to enhancing M...

The modular multilevel converter is capable to reach high-voltage levels with high flexibility, high reliability, and high power quality as it became the standard solution for high-power high-voltage applications that operate with fixed frequency. Ho...

As renewable energy sources are integrated into power grids on a large scale, modular multilevel converter-high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems face two significant challenges: traditional PI (proportional integral) controllers have limited...