806 Results Found

Income modeling is crucial in determining workers’ earnings and is an important research topic in labor economics. Traditional regressions based on normal distributions are statistical models widely applied. However, income data have an asymmet...

The association between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial usage has become a growing global concern. Many lower-middle income countries including Timor-Leste (TL) have limited information on antimicrobial usage, although recent research sugg...

The paper reviews the “κ-generalized distribution”, a statistical model for the analysis of income data. Basic analytical properties, interrelationships with other distributions, and standard measures of inequality such as the Gini...

We define and study the four-parameter logistic Burr XII distribution. It is obtained by inserting the three-parameter Burr XII distribution as the baseline in the logistic-X family and may be a useful alternative method to model income distribution...

The half-normal distribution is composited with the Pareto model to obtain a uni-parametric distribution with a heavy right tail, called the composite half-normal-Pareto distribution. This new distribution is useful for modeling positive data with at...

Engineering education pushes the creation of new technology to solve community problems. The process of technology transfer promotes educational innovation in universities, a vital process that can improve citizens’ quality of life in cities and rura...

It is known that the harmonic mean estimator is a consistent estimator of the marginal likelihood and is easy to implement, but it has severe biases and does not change as much as the prior distribution changes. In this study, we investigate the use...

We propose a robust linear regression model assuming a log-skew-t distribution for the response variable, with the aim of exploring the association between the covariates and the quantiles of a continuous and positive response variable under skewness...

Categorizing a population into different income classes is important for creating effective policies and analyzing markets. Our study develops a statistical method based on a nationwide survey of income distribution. We use these data to create a cum...

Income distribution models can be useful for describing the economic properties of a population. In this study, three-part composite Pareto models are fitted to the income distribution in Malaysia for the years 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The t...

It is sometimes observed and frequently assumed that top incomes in household surveys worldwide are poorly measured and that this problem biases the measurement of income inequality. This paper tests this assumption and compares the performance of re...

“Creating conditions for more people to have property income” has become a national policy after the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Based on the micro survey data from Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2010,...

This research conducts a comparative study of the economic growth and income distribution effects of consumption and comprehensive income taxes by introducing them into an endogenous economic growth model with human capital formation. We obtained the...

The paper explored the problem of income inequality in Russia in the context of the sustainable development of Russia. The research starts from the historical analysis of income inequality dynamics in Russia. Then, we discussed the problem of the inc...

Measuring changes in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of various large economies is fundamental for analyzing the impact and effectiveness of various policies in this direction. This study analyzes intertemporal changes in energy and C...

Although a significant body of literature has analyzed the effect of income-mediated policies on nutrition, research on how income affect nutrition consumption is scant. This paper contributes to the literature by decomposing the overall income effec...

The high and persistent level of income inequality limits the opportunities for economic growth and contributes to the persistence of a high poverty rate in Russia. Reducing inequality is integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-1...

Instrumental arguments linking inequality to environmental sustainability often suppose a negative relationship between inequality and social cohesion. While social cohesion is difficult to measure, there are measures of a narrower concept, social tr...

Energy poverty is high up on national and European Union policy agendas. A number of possible indicators to measure the issue have been identified in the literature, but comparable data with European coverage is scarce. The EU Commission thus propose...

This study used the panel data from 15 emerging markets to examine the impact of restrictive macroprudential policies on income inequality from 2000–2019 using Bayesian panel vector autoregression and Bayesian panel dynamics generalised method...

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health problem, which the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated. Scaling TB, COVID-19, and coinfection in area and socioeconomic contexts is an important way to detect more vulnerable groups. Objective: To verify,...

This study examines the distribution of EPA brownfield grant funding in Massachusetts from 1994 to 2022, focusing on the impact of race, income, and demographic changes. Brownfields are properties complicated by contamination, and the EPA provides gr...

In countries that have developed under the current market economy, inequalities in income distribution tend to increase with three different trends, i.e., high (United States, United Kingdom, Japan), low (North Europe countries), and medium Gini coef...

The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows is tested on three main pillars of sustainable development (SD), which consists of economic growth, income distribution and environmental quality for Singapore. The analysis is performed by using Au...

In economics, rank-size regressions provide popular estimators of tail exponents of heavy-tailed distributions. We discuss the properties of this approach when the tail of the distribution is regularly varying rather than strictly Pareto. The estimat...

This study examines the evolution of the regional per capita income from the perspective of a policymaker at the national level. To do that, it utilizes stochastic dominance analysis by including a utility function that expresses the “regional...

Amidst excitement for the data revolution’s potential benefits, concerns mount over its negative impact as unequal data distribution, access, and use widen disparities between individuals and groups, highlighting the urgent need for advanced th...

This study addresses the much-discussed issue of the relationship between health and income. In particular, it focuses on the relation between mental health and household income by using generalized additive models of location, scale and shape and th...

Obtaining droplet collection efficiency (DCE) is vital for icing numerical simulations. A droplet impact model based on the Eulerian two-phase flow model was established in this work to analyze the influence of different incoming flow parameters on D...

This paper identifies the salient factors that characterize the inequality income distribution for Romania. Data analysis is rigorously carried out using sophisticated techniques borrowed from classical statistics (Theil). Decomposition of the inequa...

This study aims to identify household members’ income sharing, when the amount of said income is governed by a particular household member. The results are expected to provide insightful evidence that identifies who is under the poverty line wi...

In our paper, we test how the social security system affects citizens’ consumption behavior through narrowing the income gap between residents with different social status and decreasing the uncertainty of income and cost. In the theoretical pa...

In this paper, we consider the question and present evidence as to whether or not Benford’s exponential first significant digit (FSD) law reflects a fundamental principle behind the complex and nondeterministic nature of large-scale physical and beha...

This paper empirically investigates the effects of financial development on incomes of Chinese residents particularly within various income groups using data from six provinces by applying the Quantile Regression model. The Greenwood and Jovanovich h...

Fast-paced digitization is affecting all aspects of life, including the way we trade. This study empirically analyzes the influence and mechanism of digital service trade on labor income share using 48 countries’ panel data from 2005 to 2019. T...

Although a wide array of stochastic dominance tests exist for poverty measurement and identification, they assume the income distributions have independent poverty lines or a common absolute (fixed) poverty line. We propose a stochastic dominance tes...

Recent research on the effects of the productive structure of an economy has turned to examining whether economic complexity is associated with lower income inequality. In contrast to the commonly adopted approach that estimates the impact of economi...

This paper investigates the distributional drivers of carbon emissions in Türkiye, focusing on how household income and consumption patterns influence carbon footprints. Utilizing the microsimulation model, we integrate detailed expenditure data...

Despite the recent reduction in the poverty rate in Indonesia, income inequality has not shown any improvement. Income inequality, also known as income disparity, has been a prolonged issue in Indonesia and has caused great dissatisfaction among the...

In recent years, the issue of income inequality has ascended to the forefront of national and international agendas, underscored by the urgency to navigate the complexities of market-driven economies without exacerbating social disparities. These cha...

Land ties people to specific localities featuring different levels of accessibility and natural endowments; it is therefore related in various ways to matters of inequality. Drawing from economics and human geography, we explore the multifaceted and...

The digital economy has promoted the income growth of rural residents in China, but it has also widened the income gap within rural areas. The excessive income gap will lead to the uneven distribution of social resources and the decline of efficiency...

The digital economy has significant economic structural transformation effects and income distribution effects. This article analyzed the impacts and mechanisms of digital economy development on the efficiency of dual-economic factor allocation and t...

Background: The Gini coefficient measures how much the distribution of income or consumption within an economy deviates from an equal distribution. However, there has been a paucity of research examining the association between Gini coefficients and...

In the internet era, the development of e-commerce has had an important impact on all aspects of society. Many previous studies focused on the social and economic effects of the development of e-commerce. However, previous studies paid little attenti...

Conventional wisdom says that the middle classes in many developed countries have recently suffered losses, in terms of both the share of the total population belonging to the middle class, and also their share in total income. Here, distribution-fre...

With nearly 11 billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccine being administered, stark differences in the vaccination rates persist. Vaccine distribution initiatives such as COVAX and African Vaccine Acquisition Trust (AVAT) were formed to ensure equitable v...

In recent years, the importance of developing the tourism sector and diversifying income sources has grown in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This paper estimates the impact of tourism industry development on income equality in the GCC...

The COVID-19 crisis has caused a huge negative shock to economic activities worldwide, leading to a reduction in income and changes in income distribution. Intergenerational mobility is an important indicator of sustainable social development. This p...

Income inequality and environmental pollution are of great concern in China. It is important to better understand whether the narrowing of income inequality and environmental improvement contradict each other. The study aims to investigate the linkag...