Pharmacists have a crucial role in the supply of medications and ensuring optimal patient outcomes. However, with the increased use of prescription medications, there is a potential for dispensing errors to occur. Some dispensing errors can result in...
This paper presents an innovative and low-cost approach to the dispensing of multiple liquids on a microfluidic chip with the aim of dispensing liquids in a controlled sequence. The project focused on the design and development of a microfluidic liqu...
With approximately 300 prescriptions dispensed per day in a typical community pharmacy, several activities take place to ensure the safe dispensing of medicines. While some of these activities are common for all prescriptions, others need further act...
Worldwide, antimicrobial resistance is increasing rapidly and is associated with misuse of antimicrobials. The HATUA study (a broader 3-country study) investigated the antibiotic dispensing practices of pharmaceutical providers to clients, particular...
To address the problems of low productivity and sizeable dispensing positioning errors in manual and semi-automatic dispensing processes in small- and medium-sized electronic enterprises, this study proposes a fully automatic dispensing method based...
A simple microfluidic control method that uses a piezoelectric dispenser head is developed to fabricate microdots. A glycerol mixture was used as the test fluid to simulate conductive metallic solutions. The orifice diameter of the dispenser was 50 μ...
Antibiotics are one of the most frequently dispensed classes of medicines. However, excessive misuse and abuse enhances antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Previous studies in Pakistan have documented extensive dispensing of ‘Watch’ and &lsqu...
Cells cultured in three-dimensional scaffolds express a phenotype closer to in vivo cells than cells cultured in two-dimensional containers. Natural polymers are suitable materials to make three-dimensional scaffolds to develop disease models for hig...
Advances in micro and nano fabrication technologies have enabled fabrication of smaller and more sensitive devices for applications not only in solid-state physics but also in medicine and biology. The demand for devices that can precisely transport...
Chinese medicine is a time-honored and deeply valued medical skill in the Chinese community. Although currently the scientific Chinese medicine powder is prevalent, its varieties are numerous and have similar appearance, color, and odor, resulting in...
Digital microfluidic systems based on electrowetting-on-dielectric technology, particularly valuable in producing and manipulating microdroplets steadily and consistently, have experienced notable advancements in recent years. In this paper, experime...
A high speed MEMS flow sensor to enhance the reliability and accuracy of a liquid dispensing system is proposed. Benefitting from the sensor information feedback, the system can self-adjust the open time of the solenoid valve to accurately dispense d...
Drug dispensing in retail pharmacies typically involves several manual tasks that often lead to inefficiencies and errors. This is the first published quality improvement study in Latin America, specifically in Brazil, investigating the operational i...
26 August 2025
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a renewed focus on the value of vaccines in combatting potentially life-threatening diseases. The primary aim was to conduct a longitudinal study on the dispensing patterns of vaccines (from 20...
Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets dispensers (ADDO dispensers) have a crucial role in detecting and referring TB suspects. However, several studies highlight low knowledge of TB among ADDO dispensers. To facilitate this, the National TB and Leprosy...
The study examined the relationship between dispensing patterns of prescription opioids, neighborhood-disadvantage-index, and standardized doses dispensed. Three-year’s dispensing data drawn from 80 local government areas (LGAs) within Victoria...
Medication abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol is a safe and effective method for ending a pregnancy. Pharmacy dispensing of mifepristone was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2023, but educational opportunities for pharmaci...
Background: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control describes the community pharmacist as the gatekeeper to the quality of antibiotic use. The pharmacist has the responsibility to guard safe and effective antibiotic use; however, littl...
The misuse and abuse of opioids has become a serious public health threat in the United States. The state of California has been hit particularly hard by the opioid epidemic, with a noticeable increase in opioid-related fatalities and hospitalization...
5 August 2020
The Australian Asthma Handbook does not recommend use of fixed dose combination (FDC) controller medicines for asthma in children aged ≤5 years. FDCs are only recommended in children and adolescents (aged 6–18 years) not responding to initia...
Little is known about antibiotic uses at the population level in Syria. The aim of our study is to present outpatient antibiotic dispensing (OAD) patterns and rates for patients with health insurance in the parts of Syria that are controlled by the S...
Medication non-adherence or mismanagement in medicines schedules such as missing doses, taking the wrong amounts, or having medicines at incorrect times is a serious problem, especially in elderly patients or patients with serious illnesses, and may...
Electro-wetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) enables the manipulation of droplets on a two-dimensional surface, which provides a versatile technique for digital microfluidics at a micro- or nano-scale. However, the deficiency of the dispensing precision has...
Background and objectives: Automated drug dispensing systems (ADDs) have been introduced to improve the efficiency of dispensing and patient safety. The available questionnaires measure patient satisfaction with particular aspects of ADDs. Also, the...
Illegible prescriptions are an illegal, frequent, and longstanding problem for pharmacy personnel engaged in dispensing. These contribute to patient safety issues and negatively impact safe dispensing in pharmaceutical delivery. To date, little is do...
In this study, we explored the formation of micro-/nanosized porous structures on the surface of a needle composed of STS304 and examined the effect of conventional needles and needles capable of liquid ejection. Aqua regia, composed of HCl and HNO3,...
We present a miniaturized, disposable, normally-closed electromagnetic dispensing valve for the microliter range to process 96-well plates. The novel injection-molded valve is designed to fit into a 9 mm grid to realize an eight channel dispensing he...
Five-axis precision dispensing machines are employed for semiconductor packaging. The dispensing accuracy is significantly affected by multiple geometric errors among the five axes. This paper proposes a vision-based measurement (VBM) system for iden...
Background: Technology is increasingly used to enhance pharmacy education. We sought to evaluate student learning and preparedness for community introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs) after implementation of “MyDispense” into experiential...
This proposal outlines the development of a comprehensive solution to address hydration challenges through the creation of a Smart Water ATM with Arduino integration, RFID authentication, and dynamic dispensing capabilities. Traditional water dispens...
Background: Patient counselling and addressing drug-related problems are the pharmacist’s key activities to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines. This study aimed to describe the dispensing practice of prescribed medicines in daily communit...
We present a disposable, normally closed, non-contact dispensing valve for the sub-µL range. The miniaturized solenoid valve (diameter: 8 mm, height: 27.25 mm) is compatible to standard Luer-Lock interfaces. A highly dynamic actuation principle enabl...
Background: This study aims to evaluate medication dispensing by pharmacy technicians at a geriatric inpatient ward at a Danish hospital. Methods: Four pharmacy technicians were trained in delivering a dispensing service at a geriatric ward. At basel...
Digital weight-loss services (DWLSs) combining pharmacotherapy and health coaching have the potential to make a major contribution to the global struggle against obesity. However, the degree to which DWLSs compromise patient safety through the dispen...
Community pharmacies are the main channel of antibiotics distribution. We aimed to analyze the dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics and knowledge of pharmacy staff. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan between December 2017 an...
The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate antibiotic stewardship and optimal use. In Bangladesh, data on antibiotic dispensing in pharmacies according to the AWaRe classification are scarce. W...
An automated compounding device can be a useful tool for the rapid and accurate production of small batches for personalized medicine as well as for clinical batches. A novel electronic liquid dispensing system (ELDS) was investigated to produce hard...
Stereolithography (SLA) is a 3D printing technology that uses a laser to cure liquid resin from a tank, layer by layer, to create highly detailed and precise objects. However, this 3D printing technique requires a large amount of resin material to be...
In binder jetting additive manufacturing (BJAM), parts are fabricated layer by layer by depositing a liquid binder on selected regions of the powder bed. Powder particles in the hopper of the printer are dispensed onto the powder bed to form a layer...
Multidose drug dispensing (MDD) is an adherence aid used by one-third of patients receiving home care services in Norway. The system can increase patient safety by reducing dispensing errors and increase adherence, however it has also been criticised...
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. The pharmacist has the responsibility to supervise the dispensing of antibiotics with prescriptions to ensu...
The reliable non-contact dispensing of droplets in the pico- to microliter range is a challenging task. The dispensed drop volume depends on various factors such as the rheological properties of the liquids, the actuation parameters, the geometry of...
The dispensing resolution of high-viscosity liquid is essential for adhesive micro-bonding. In comparison with the injection technique, the transfer printing method appears to be promising. Herein, an analytical model was developed to describe the dy...
The inappropriate consumption, use, and dispensing of antibiotics are problems faced globally, with a pattern of inappropriate consumption differing in higher-income countries due to the ease of accessibility of antibiotics. The main drivers of consu...
The main user of three dimensional (3D) printing for drug dispensing will be the hospital pharmacist. Yet despite the tremendous amount of research and industrial initiatives, there is no evaluation of the pharmacist’s knowledge and opinion of this t...
The increasing use of multiple medications among older adults raises concerns about potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), which are associated with adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare costs. This study aimed to assess the prevale...
Height measurement and location by a laser sensor is a key technology to ensure accurate and stable operation of a dispensing robot. In addition, alternation of dynamic and static working modes of a robot, as well as variation of surface and height o...
(1) Objective: To assess hospital medication costs and staff time between One-Stop Dispensing (OSD) and the Traditional Medication System (TMS), and to evaluate patient perspectives on OSD. (2) Methods: The study was conducted at Hvidovre Hospital, U...
12 January 2023
Polypharmacy is particularly prevalent in the elderly. The interest in this issue is growing, and many interventions exist to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people. However, evidence of their effectiveness is still limited. Thu...
Industrial dispensing systems consist of many components, and the temperature characteristics of these components vary significantly. To address this, a segmented adaptive PID temperature control method is proposed in this paper. This method integrat...
of 31