Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensing for the Population with Government Health Insurance in Syria in 2018–2019
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Setting and Data Source
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Variation of Dispensed Antibiotics According to Patients’ Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Seasonal Variation
3.3. Regional Variation
4. Discussion
Limitations and Strengths
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Ethics Approval
References
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Number | Antibiotic | AWaRe | DID | Proportion of Total DID |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid | Access | 5.76 | 28.62% |
2 | Clarithromycin | Watch | 4.4 | 21.87% |
3 | Cefixime | Watch | 2.66 | 13.05% |
4 | Cefuroxime | Watch | 1.85 | 9.17% |
5 | Levofloxacin | Watch | 1.09 | 5.4% |
6 | Azithromycin | Watch | 0.72 | 3.59% |
7 | Cefdinir | Watch | 0.63 | 3.15% |
8 | Cefprozil | Watch | 0.55 | 2.71% |
9 | Ciprofloxacin | Watch | 0.51 | 2.55% |
Drug Utilization 90% (DU90%) 1–9 | 18.14 | 90.11% | ||
Others 10–53 | 1.99 | 9.89% | ||
Total | 20.13 | 100% |
Pharmacological Group | DID | Proportion of Total DID |
---|---|---|
Cephalosporins (J01D) | 6.14 | 30.49% |
Penicillins (J01C) | 6.01 | 29.87% |
Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F) | 5.19 | 25.78% |
Quinolones (J01M) | 2.08 | 10.31% |
Other antibacterials (e.g., linezolid, metronidazole and nitrofurantoin) (J01X) | 0.46 | 2.29% |
Tetracyclines (J01A) | 0.14 | 0.6% |
Aminoglycosides (J01G) | 0.06 | 0.29% |
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) | 0.04 | 0.21% |
Combinations of antibacterials (J01R) | 0.01 | 0.06% |
Total | 20.13 | 100% |
AWaRe | DID | Proportion of Total DID |
---|---|---|
Access | 6.55 | 32.54% |
Watch | 13.26 | 65.86% |
Reserve | 0.17 | 0.83% |
Nonclassified | 0.15 | 0.77% |
Total | 20.13 | 100% |
Combination of Antibiotics | AWaRe | DID | Proportion of the Total DID of Antibiotic Combinations |
---|---|---|---|
Amoxicillin + clavulanic Acid | Access | 5.76 | 96.51% |
Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam | Not Recommended | 0.09 | 1.47% |
Amoxicillin + Flucloxacillin | Not Recommended | 0.06 | 1.08% |
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim | Access | 0.04 | 0.7% |
Spiramycin + Metronidazole | Not Recommended | 0.01 | 0.2% |
Ampicillin + Cloxacillin | Not Recommended | 0.002 | 0.04% |
Ampicillin + Sulbactam | Access | 0.0001 | 0.002% |
Total | 5.96 | 100% |
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Aljadeeah, S.; Wirtz, V.J.; Nagel, E. Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensing for the Population with Government Health Insurance in Syria in 2018–2019. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090570
Aljadeeah S, Wirtz VJ, Nagel E. Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensing for the Population with Government Health Insurance in Syria in 2018–2019. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(9):570. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090570
Chicago/Turabian StyleAljadeeah, Saleh, Veronika J. Wirtz, and Eckhard Nagel. 2020. "Outpatient Antibiotic Dispensing for the Population with Government Health Insurance in Syria in 2018–2019" Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090570