148 Results Found

Immune checkpoint blocking therapy is a promising cancer treatment modality, though it has limitations such as systemic toxicity, which can often be traced to uncontrolled antibody spread. Controlling antibody release with delivery systems is, theref...

Targeted immune checkpoint blockade augments anti-tumor immunity and induces durable responses in patients with melanoma and other solid tumors. It also induces specific “immune-related adverse events” (irAEs). IrAEs mainly include gastrointestinal,...

Recombinant antibodies and, more recently, T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cell therapies represent two immunological strategies that have come to the forefront of clinical interest for targeting intracellular neoantigens in benign and malignant d...

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of therapeutics, with twelve FDA- and EMA-approved drugs for hematological and solid cancers. Such drugs consist in a monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic agent, allowing a specific cyt...

Immunotherapy is a new pillar of cancer therapy that provides novel opportunities to treat solid tumors. In this context, the development of new drugs targeting immune checkpoints is considered a promising approach in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatmen...

Immunotherapy is presently one of the most promising areas of investigation and development for the treatment of cancer. While immune checkpoint-blocking monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell-based therapy have recently pro...

Chemokines and cytokines represent an emerging field of immunotherapy research. They are responsible for the crosstalk and chemoattraction of immune cells and tumor cells. For instance, CXCL9/10/11 chemoattract effector CD8+ T cells to the tumor micr...

Philadelphia chromosome-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. MPN are characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Of interest, the potent im...

Immunotherapy with targeted therapeutic antibodies is often ineffective in long-term responses in cancer patients due to resistance mechanisms such as overexpression of checkpoint molecules. Similar to T lymphocytes, myeloid immune cells express inhi...

The importance of a balanced TH1/TH2 humoral immune response against the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) for antibody-mediated HIV-1 control is increasingly recognized. However, there is no defined vaccination strategy to raise it. Since immune checkpoi...

The immune checkpoints are regulatory molecules that maintain immune homeostasis in physiological conditions. By sending T cells a series of co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory signals via receptors, immune checkpoints can both protect healthy tissues fr...

Cancer cells can evade immune surveillance through the molecular interactions of immune checkpoint proteins, including programmed death 1 (PD-1), PD-L1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Since 2011, the FDA-approved antibody d...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint molecules. Different types of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved recently: CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (as ipilimumab); anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (as pembrolizumab and nivol...

Manipulating the immune system by blocking the immune checkpoint receptors is the basis of immunotherapy, a relevant tool in current clinical oncology. The strategy of blocking the immune checkpoints (Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, ICI) consists of us...

The therapeutic inhibition of immune checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), through the use of function blocking antibodies can confer improved clinical outcomes by invigorating C...

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains to be incurable despite recent therapeutic advances. CD47, an immune checkpoint known as the “don’t eat me” signal, is highly expressed on the surface of various cancers, allowing cancer cells to send i...

Discovery of the B7 family immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), as well as their ligands B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), B7-H1 (PD-L1, CD274), and B7-DC (PD-L2, CD273), has opened new possibilities for cancer immunotherapy using monoclo...

Despite progress in our understanding of the biology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this tumour remains difficult-to-cure for several reasons, starting from the particular disease environment where it arises—advanced chronic liver disease—to its...

Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) mediates maternal-fetal immune tolerance. It is also considered an immune checkpoint in cancer since it may mediate immune evasion and thus promote tumor growth. HLA-G is, therefore, a potential target for immunother...

Immune checkpoint blockade has changed the treatment paradigm for advanced solid tumors, but the overall response rates are still limited. The combination of checkpoint blockade with anti-4-1BB antibodies to stimulate tumor-infiltrating T cells has s...

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting various pathways in cancer therapy play crucial roles in enhancing the immune system’s ability to recognise and eliminate tumour cells. These therapies are designed to either block inhibitory immune checkp...

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer came of age in 1997, with the approval of anti-CD20 Rituximab. Since then, a wide variety of antibodies have been developed with many different formats and mechanisms of action. Among thes...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target and block immune checkpoints. These biologics were initially approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 2011 for the management of melanoma. Since then, the us...

The blockade of the CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint is considered essential for cardiac xenotransplantation. However, it is still unclear which single antibody directed against CD40 or CD40L (CD154), or which combination of antibodies, is better at prev...

The inclusion of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints such PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 has revolutionized the landscape of anti-cancer therapy. However, PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade failed to achieve clinical benefit in CLL, thus attention has bee...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer treatment in people. Immune checkpoints are important regulators of the body’s reaction to immunological stimuli. The most studied immune checkpoint molecules are programmed death (P...

Background: Macrophages play an important role in eliminating diseased and damaged cells through programmed cell death. Signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) is a crucial immune checkpoint primarily expressed on myeloid cells and macrophages....

In light of the promising results of immune checkpoint blockade (ICPB) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), we investigated the effect of different chemotherapeutic agents on the expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in order to rationally desi...

Multiple tumors have responded well to immunotherapies, which use monoclonal antibodies to block the immune checkpoint proteins and reactivate the T-cell immune response to cancer cells. Significantly, the anti-PD-1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivol...

Immune checkpoint blockers have dramatically improved the chances of survival in patients with metastatic cancer, but only a subset of the patients respond to treatment. Search for novel targets that can improve the responder rates and overcome the l...

Radiation therapy (RT) has recently demonstrated promise at stimulating an enhanced immune response. The recent success of immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors, CART cells, and other immune modulators, affords new opportunities for combinat...

Oncolytic viruses represent a diverse class of replication competent viruses that curtail tumor growth. These viruses, through their natural ability or through genetic modifications, can selectively replicate within tumor cells and induce cell death...

There has been a recent emergence of novel targeted agents for treatment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In particular, antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates directed against surface antigens, agents that block immune checkpoint pathways, and...

Background: Immune checkpoints are molecules that regulate the function of immune cells and control inflammation processes. An important role in this regard is played by TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PDL-1 interactions. Previous research performed in a mouse...

Cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are exposed to a high risk of atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic diseases due to systemic inflammatory conditions and immune-related atheroma destabilization. Proprotein convertase sub...

The CD38 antigen is expressed in several hematological malignancies, and the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies Daratumumab and Isatuximab have an established role in the therapy of multiple myeloma. However, data on the therapeutic utility of CD38 targ...

One of the major current trends in cancer immunotherapy is the blockade of immune checkpoint proteins that negatively regulate the immune response. This has been achieved through antibodies blocking PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4/CD80/CD86 interactions. Such...

Immune checkpoints are several co-stimulatory and inhibitory pathways that regulate T cell immune responses. Most of the discoveries about immune checkpoints were made in cancer research where inhibitory immune checkpoints cause immune exhaustion and...

Background: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (Abs) unleash an immune response to cancer. However, a disruption of the immune checkpoint function by blocking PD-1/PD-ligand 1(PD-L1) signaling may trigger myasthenia gravis (MG)...

Strategies boosting both innate and adaptive immunity have great application prospects in cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies dual blocking the innate checkpoint CD47 and adaptive checkpoint PD-L1 or TIGIT could achieve durable anti-tumor effects. Howev...

Cancer therapy has experienced a breakthrough with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are able to unleash immune responses against tumors refractory to other therapies. Despite the great advanc...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-L1 and CD47 are clinically limited by severe off-target toxicities. To address this issue, immunotherapeutic prodrug strategies have been developed, aimed at preventing antibodies from binding to targe...

Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer and is a significant burden on health care services worldwide, as it is one of the most costly cancers to treat per patient. This expense is due to the extensive treatment and follow-ups that occur with...

(1) Background: Understanding how advanced cancers evade host innate and adaptive immune opponents has led to cancer immunotherapy. Among several immunotherapeutic strategies, the reversal of immunosuppression mediated by regulatory T cells in the tu...

In this study, we describe a novel kinase inhibitor AX-0085 which can suppress the induction of PD-L1 expression by Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. AX-0085 effectively blocks JAK2/STAT1 signaling initiated by IFN...

Chronic inflammation is considered a major risk factor for cancer formation. Inflammation within the tumor environment plays a role in its response to therapy, growth, and prognosis. Cancer associated inflammation is known to occur in the tumor micro...

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy involves the inhibition of immune checkpoint regulators which reverses their limitation of T cell anti-tumor responses and results in long-lasting tumor regression. However, poor clinical response or tumor rel...

Cancer immunotherapy has made tremendous progress, including promising results in patients with malignant gliomas. Nonetheless, the immunological microenvironment of the brain and tumors arising therein is still believed to be suboptimal for sufficie...

More than ten years after the approval of ipilimumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been established as the most effective treatment for locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, achieving durable responses either as...

The development and design of immune-based strategies have become an increasingly important topic during the last few years in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), based on successful immunotherapies in solid cancer. The spectrum ranges from antibody drug c...