120 Results Found

During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chron...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a global threat to pig health and results in significant economic losses. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses are evident during PRRSV infection. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGA...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modulates host innate immunity which plays a key role against PRRSV infection. As a RNA virus, PRRSV is mainly sensed by innate immune RNA receptors, whereas the role of innate immune DNA se...

Natterin is a potent pro-inflammatory fish molecule, inducing local and systemic IL-1β/IL-1R1-dependent neutrophilia mediated by non-canonical NLRP6 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation in mice, independent of NLRP3. In this work, we investigated w...

Metabolic diseases are growing in prevalence worldwide. Although the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases remains ambiguous, the correlation between cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) and metabolic diseases has been id...

Nanozymes and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway, as powerful organons, can remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME) to increase efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer immunotherapy. N...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, markedly increases the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging preclinical evidence identifies the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimu...

Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MESO) has a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. IRF3 is a downstream molecule of the cGAS/STING signaling pathw...

Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism of Sinomenine (SIN) in treating renal injury in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo validation. Materials and Methods: db/db...

The innate DNA sensing receptors are one family of pattern recognition receptors and play important roles in antiviral infections, especially DNA viral infections. Among the multiple DNA sensors, cGAS has been studied intensively and is most defined...

Pseudorabies (PR) is a domestic and wild animal infectious disease caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and is one of the major infectious diseases that endanger the global swine industry. Studies have reported that PRV may achieve cross-species tr...

Sujiang pigs, a high-quality local Chinese breed, represent a valuable model for investigating muscle development and improving meat production through genetic selection. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) are essential regulators of muscle grow...

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an important cytosolic DNA sensor that plays a crucial role in triggering STING-dependent signal and inducing type I interferons (IFNs). cGAS is important for intracellular bacterial recognition and innate immune res...

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) serves as a pivotal signaling hub in innate immunity, orchestrating type I interferon (IFN-I) and pro-inflammatory responses upon detection of cytosolic DNA. While the canonical cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS...

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the brucellosis vaccines in the application are whole-bacteria vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are widely used for brucellosis prevention in sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle...

As an evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitous mechanism of host defense, non-immune cells in vertebrates possess the intrinsic ability to autonomously detect and combat intracellular pathogens. This process, termed cell-autonomous immunity, is distin...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a leading cause of distant organ dysfunction among critically ill patients. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a key factor driving the damage after renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. Damaged mitochondria...

The cGAS–STING signaling axis can be activated by cytosolic DNA, including both non-self DNA and self DNA. This axis is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that the cGA...

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an intricate phenomenon that is often found in human cancer, characterized by persisting errors in chromosome segregation. This ongoing chromosome mis-segregation results in structural and numerical chromosomal abnorm...

The cGAS–STING pathway is a key component of the innate immune system and exerts crucial roles in the detection of cytosolic DNA and invading pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intrinsic cGAS–STING pathway not only facilit...

Radiotherapy is a major modality used to combat a wide range of cancers. Classical radiobiology principles categorize ionizing radiation (IR) as a direct cytocidal therapeutic agent against cancer; however, there is an emerging appreciation for addit...

The innate immune system is the body’s natural defense system, which recognizes a wide range of microbial molecules (such as bacterial DNA and RNA) and abnormal molecules within cells (such as misplaced DNA, self-antigens) to play its role. DNA relea...

The cGAS-STING pathway initiates the core cascade of innate immune defense by recognizing pathogen-associated and self-derived abnormal nucleic acids, and key molecules (such as cGAS, STING, downstream IFN-β, IL-6, etc.) may serve as biomarkers...

There is mounting evidence that the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) interacts extensively with immunological processes in the brain and extends beyond the neuronal compartment. Accumulation of misfolded proteins can activate an innate i...

Stimulator of interferon gene (STING), an intracellular receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum, could induce the production of cytokines such as type I interferon (IFN) by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway. In recent years, activation of STING...

Inflammation is a central hallmark of cardiomyopathy, where misdirected immune responses contribute to chronic myocardial dysfunction. Among the emerging molecular mechanisms implicated in this process, the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimul...

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, a central innate immune sensor of cytosolic DNA, plays a dual role in immunoregulation within pulmonary diseases. Recent studies demonstrate its critical role in s...

Innate immune mechanisms initiate immune responses via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a member of the PRRs, senses diverse pathogenic or endogenous DNA and activates innate immune signaling pathways, including t...

Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors widely used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the mevalonate pathway leads to the suppression of cell proliferation and inductio...

The success of mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has been confirmed in both preclinical and clinical settings. However, the development of safe and efficient mRNA vaccine delivery platforms remains challenging. In this report, PBAE-G-B-SS-modified CaO2...

Rotenone, a classical inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, disrupts electron transport and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), contributing to inflammation and cell death. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking mitoc...

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identifie...

The innate immune system is the first line of host defense sensing viral infection. Manganese (Mn) has recently been found to be involved in the activation of the innate immune DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway and subsequent anti-DNA virus function. Ho...

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, is driven by dysregulated immune responses and keratinocyte dysfunction. Here, we explore the therapeutic potential of Astilbin (AST), a flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties, in modulatin...

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are standard therapies for EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, their efficacy is inconsistent. Secondary mutations in the EGFR or other genes that lead to r...

Chromosomal instability and DNA damage are hallmarks of cancers that can result in the accumulation of micronuclei, cytosolic chromatin fragments (CCFs), or cytosolic DNA species (cytoDNA). The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA sensor that reco...

The progression of COVID-19 involves a sophisticated and intricate interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host’s immune response. The immune system employs both innate and adaptive mechanisms to combat infection. Innate immunity initiat...

The aim of this study was to determine the role of retrograde signaling (mitochondria to nucleus) in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Therefore, in the present study, MCF7-H and MCF7-J cybrids were produced using the mitochondria from the same H and J indiv...

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality in adults. Understanding colorectal tumorigenesis at both the cellular and molecular levels is crucial for developing effective treatment options. Forty-one biopsy samples...

cGAS-STING signaling is a major pathway in inducing type Ⅰ IFN, which plays a crucial role in the defense against T. gondii infection. In contrast, T. gondii develops multiple strategies to counteract the host defense, causing serious diseases...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is known to activate cytosolic DNA sensor pathways, such as the cGAS-STING pathway, the activation of which leads to interferon production. The primary source of this activation is reverse transcription of...

Radiation necrosis, also known as treatment-induced necrosis, has emerged as an important adverse effect following stereotactic radiotherapy (SRS) for brain metastases. The improved survival of patients with brain metastases and increased use of comb...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to its link with chronic inflammation and the inherent limitations of current prevention and surveillance strategies. The cGAS-STING path...

Obesity promotes premature aging and dysfunction of white adipose tissue (WAT) through the accumulation of cellular senescence. The senescent cells burden in WAT has been linked to inflammation, insulin-resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The...

Immunotherapy is a clinically effective method for treating tumors. Manganese can activate the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and induce an anti-tumor immune response. However, its efficacy is hindered by non-specific distribution and low uptake rates....

Immunotherapy targeting the immune functions of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is beneficial for colorectal cancer; however, the response rate is poor. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone-class antibiotic that is used to treat bacterial infections....

Neuroinflammation via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and reduced hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression are key mechanisms underlying stress-induced depression. Vitamin...

Background: Lung cancer (LC), including both non-small (NSCLC) and small (SCLC) subtypes, is currently treated with a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy. However, predictive biomarkers to identify high-risk patients are needed. Here, we explore...

The outbreaks caused by RNA and DNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox, pose serious threats to human health. The RLR and cGAS-STING pathways contain major cytoplasmic sensors and signaling transduction axes for host innate antiviral immunity....

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an important chronic disease, is one of the major causes of high mortality and creates a substantial financial burden worldwide. The various immune cells in the liver, including macrophages, NK cells, dendri...