260 Results Found

Ebolavirus Disease (EVD) is a severe haemorrhagic fever that occurs in epidemic outbreaks, with a high fatality rate and no specific therapies available. rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP (Ervebo^®), a live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector expre...

Previously, we described VSV-GP, a modified version of the vesicular stomatitis virus, as a non-neurotoxic oncolytic virus that is effective for the treatment of malignant glioblastoma and ovarian cancer. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a prototype RNA virus that has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of viral molecular biology and has applications in vaccine development, cancer therapy, antiviral screening, and more. Current VSV gen...

Selective gene delivery to defined cell populations remains one of the key challenges in lentiviral vector-based gene therapy. The vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) confers high infectivity but lacks cell-type specificity because of the...

Ebola virus epidemics can be effectively limited by the VSV-EBOV vaccine (Ervebo) due to its rapid protection abilities; however, side effects prevent the broad use of VSV-EBOV as vaccine. Mechanisms explaining the efficient immune activation after s...

Orthohantaviruses may cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Andes virus (ANDV) is the only orthohantavirus associated with human–human transmission. Therefore, emergency vaccination would be a valua...

Baculoviral vectors (BVs) derived from Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) are an attractive tool for multigene delivery in mammalian cells, which is particularly relevant for CRISPR technologies. Most applications in mammal...

Modern oncotherapy approaches are based on inducing controlled apoptosis in tumor cells. Although a number of apoptosis-induction approaches are available, site-specific delivery of therapeutic agents still remain the biggest hurdle in achieving the...

Cancer cells often have defects in antiviral pathways, making them susceptible to oncolytic viruses like vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). However, some cancer cells resist viral infection through the constitutive expression of interferon-stimulated...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the most recent global pandemic that has caused more than a million deaths around the world. The spike glycoprotein (S) drives the entry and fusion of this virus a...

This study reports a highly efficient, rapid one-step purification process for the production of the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based vaccine, rVSV-∆G-spike (rVSV-S), recently developed by the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIB...

Background/Objectives: Baculoviruses represent promising gene delivery vectors for mammalian systems, combining high safety profiles with substantial cargo capacity. While pseudotyping with vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G) enhances transd...

Currently, no effective vaccine to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is available, and various platforms are being examined. The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vaccine vehicle can induce robust humoral and cell-mediated immune re...

Type III and type I interferon have similar mechanisms of action, and their different receptors lead to different distributions in tissue. On mucosal surfaces, type III interferon exhibits strong antiviral activity. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (P...

HDAC6 modulates viral infection through diverse mechanisms. Here, we investigated the role of HDAC6 in influencing viral infection in pig cells with the aim of exploiting the potential antiviral gene targets in pigs. Using gene knockout and overexpre...

Since the emergence of the original SARS-CoV-2, several variants were described, raising questions as to the ability of recently developed vaccine platforms to induce immunity and provide protection against these variants. Here, we utilized the K18-h...

The emergence of rapidly spreading variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a major challenge to vaccines’ protective efficacy. Intramuscular (IM) vaccine administration induces short-lived immunity but doe...

(1) Background: In ⁹⁰Y-TARE treatments, lung-absorbed doses should be calculated according to the manufacturer’s instructions, using the MIRD-scheme. This scheme is derived from the assumption that ⁹⁰Y-microspheres deliver the dose in a water-e...

Numerous factors influence the magnitude and effector phenotype of vaccine-induced CD8⁺ T cells, thereby potentially impacting treatment efficacy. Here, we investigate the effect of vaccination dose, route of immunization, presence of a target antige...

Anti-cancer therapy based on oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a targeted approach that takes advantage of OVs’ ability to selectively infect and replicate in tumor cells, activate the host immune response, and destroy malignant cells over healthy one...

Fundamental key processes in viral infection cycles generally occur in distinct cellular sites where both viral and host factors accumulate and interact. These sites are usually termed viral replication organelles, or viral factories (VF). The genera...

The thermostability of vaccines, particularly enveloped viral vectored vaccines, remains a challenge to their delivery wherever needed. The freeze-drying of viral vectored vaccines is a promising approach but remains challenging due to the water remo...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) remains an attractive platform for a potential HIV-1 vaccine but hurdles remain, such as selection of a highly immunogenic HIV-1 Envelope (Env) with a maximal surface expression on recombinant rVSV particles. An HIV-1...

Zaire Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Filoviridae family of negative sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. EBOV infection causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), characterized by coagulopathy, lymphopenia, and multi-organ failure, which can culminate i...

The emergence of rapidly spreading variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a major challenge to the ability of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to provide immunity. These variants contain mutations of specifi...

The unique ability of oncolytic viruses (OVs) to replicate in and destroy malignant cells while leaving healthy cells intact and activating the host immune response makes them powerful targeted anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Vesicular stomatitis vir...

COVID-19 and influenza both cause enormous disease burdens, and vaccines are the primary measures for their control. Since these viral diseases are transmitted through the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract, developing an effective and convenie...

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a highly pathogenic bunyavirus with a high case-fatality ratio for which there is no approved vaccine. Studies have assessed different vaccine technologies. However, few studies...

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a significant pathogen in swine, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. Despite the availability of existing vaccines, there is a critical need for novel vaccine platforms that ensure robu...

Liquid formulations have been successfully used in many viral vector vaccines including influenza (Flu), hepatitis B, polio (IPV), Ebola, and COVID-19 vaccines. The main advantage of liquid formulations over lyophilized formulations is that they are...

The vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-vectored African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine can induce efficient immune response, but the potential mechanism remains unsolved. In order to investigate the efficacy of recombinant viruses (VSV-p35, VSV-p72)-...

The Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak that began in Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in July 2018 is the second largest in history. It is also the largest and most deadly of the ten Ebola outbreaks to occur in DRC, the cou...

As the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis become better understood, the dynamic roles of cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, and their cross-talk with tumor cells, have come to light as key drivers of disease progression and have emer...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which belongs to the Vesiculovirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae, is a well studied livestock pathogen and prototypic non-segmented, negative-sense RNA virus. Although VSV is responsible for causing economically...

The continued progression of the COVID-19 pandemic can partly be attributed to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to mutate and introduce new viral variants. Some of these variants with the potential to spread quickly and conquer the globe are termed variants...

A gene delivery system utilizing lentiviral vectors (LVs) requires high transduction efficiency for successful application in human gene therapy. Pseudotyping allows viral tropism to be expanded, widening the usage of LVs. While vesicular stomatitis...

Viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, or arboviruses, have evolved to successfully navigate both the invertebrate and vertebrate hosts, including their immune systems. Biting midges transmit several arboviruses including vesicular stomatitis vi...

Background/Objectives: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer, and with the majority of patients dying within the first five years of diagnosis, new therapeutic options are required. The small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) Ras-related...

Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) has emerged as a promising candidate for various clinical applications, including vaccine development, virus pseudotyping, and gene delivery. Its broad host range, ease of propagation, and lack of pre-existing immunit...

A chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus with the glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, VSV-GP, is a potent viral vaccine vector that overcomes several of the limitations of wild-type VSV. Here, we evaluated the potential of VSV-GP as...

Viral entry is the first stage in the virus replication cycle and, for enveloped viruses, is mediated by virally encoded glycoproteins. Viral glycoproteins have different receptor affinities and triggering mechanisms. We employed vesicular stomatitis...

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in childhood and an effective vaccine is still not available. We previously described a new rhabdoviral vector vaccine, VSV-GP, a variant of the vesicular...

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a reportable viral disease which affects horses, cattle, and pigs in the Americas. Outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) in the United States typically occur on a 5–10-year cycle, usually af...

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a recently emerged tickborne virus in east Asia with over 18,000 confirmed cases. With a high case fatality ratio, SFTSV has been designated a high priority pathogen by the WHO...

The L-protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a single-chain multi-domain RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Previously reported attempts of intramolecular insertions of fluorescent proteins into the L-protein resulted in temperature-sensitive and...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an arthropod-borne virus affecting livestock. In the United States, sporadic outbreaks result in significant economic losses. During epizootics, Culicoides biting midges are biological vectors and key to the geogra...

The Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen characterized by high fatality rates and pandemic potential, whereby there is an urgent need for developing safe and effective vaccines. However, the evaluation of NiV vaccine-induced immunity is hindered...

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious and virulent enteric coronavirus that causes severe enteric disease in pigs worldwide. PEDV infection causes profound diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in pigs of all ages, resulting...

Background: Tamoxifen (TAM) is an estrogen-receptor antagonist, widely used in the adjuvant treatment of early stage estrogen-sensitive breast cancer. Several studies have revealed new biological targets of TAM that mediate the estrogen receptor inde...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an important vector-borne pathogen of bovine and equine species, causing a reportable vesicular disease. The matrix (M) protein of VSV is multifunctional and plays a key role in cytopathogenesis, apoptosis, host pr...