52 Results Found

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the shortfalls in our understanding of how to treat coronavirus infections. With almost 7 million case fatalities of COVID-19 globally, the catalog of FDA-approved antiviral therapeutics is limited compared...

Skeletal muscle has a major role in locomotion and muscle disorders are associated with poor regenerative efficiency. Therefore, a deeper understanding of muscle regeneration is needed to provide a new insight for new therapies. CaMKK2 plays a role i...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a worldwide health problem with increasing incidence. Diosgenin (DIO) is a natural active ingredient extracted from Chinese yams (Rhizoma dioscoreae) with potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effects...

We demonstrate for the first time that 4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one (TDZ) can function as a chemotype for the design of ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors. Using insights from a co-crystal structure of a 3,5-bis(arylamino)-4H-1,2,6-thiadiazin-4-one bound...

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and 5′AMP-kinase (AMPK), through the phosphory...

Neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a major cause of death and disability in neonates. HI leads to a dramatic rise in intracellular calcium levels, which was originally thought to be detrimental to the brain. However, it has been increasingly rec...

Calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) regulates bone remodeling through its effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. However, its role in osteocytes, the most abundant bone cell type and the master regulator of bone remod...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden reduction in kidney activity and has a high mortality rate. Salvianolic acid C (SAC), one of the main polyphenolic components of Salvia miltiorrhiza, displays significant pharmacologically active effects. An anim...

The serine/threonine protein kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes. Despite its importance, only a handful of inhibitors of CAMKK2 have been disclosed. Having a se...

Despite early studies linking calcium-calmodulin protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) to prostate cancer cell migration and invasion, the role of CAMKK2 in metastasis in vivo remains unclear. Moreover, while CAMKK2 is known to regulate systemic metabolis...

The calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) activates CAMK1, CAMK4, AMPK, and AKT, leading to numerous physiological responses. The deregulation of CAMKK2 is linked to several diseases, suggesting the utility of CAMKK2 inhibitor...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is a widely existing signal transduction system in eukaryotes, and plays an important role in the signal transduction processes of plant cells in response to environmental stress. In this...

The importance of Ca2+ signalling in key events of cancer cell function and tumour progression, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival, has recently begun to be appreciated. Many cellular Ca2+-stimulated signalling cascades utilise t...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor, mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and activating catabolic processes in order to restore the cellular ATP supply when the...

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric αβγ complex that functions as a central regulator of energy homeostasis. Energy stress manifests as a drop in the ratio of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)...

Phosphorylation by kinases governs many key cellular and extracellular processes, such as transcription, cell cycle progression, differentiation, secretion and apoptosis. Unsurprisingly, tight and precise kinase regulation is a prerequisite for norma...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy balance. In response to metabolic stress, it acts to redress energy imbalance through promotion of ATP-generating catabolic processes and inhibition of ATP-consuming processes,...

Lipotoxicity is an important factor in the development and progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Excessive accumulation of saturated fatty acids can increase the substrates of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in hepatocytes and cause...

Besnoitia besnoiti is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and the causal agent of bovine besnoitiosis. Bovine besnoitiosis has a considerable economic impact in Africa and Asia due to reduced milk production, abortions, and bull infertili...

Background: Insulin resistance (IR), a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in target tissues. Emerging research has highlighted transient receptor potential cation channel subf...

Capsaicin and zinc have recently been highlighted as potential treatments for glucose metabolism disorders; however, the effect of these two natural compounds on signalling pathways involved in glucose metabolism is still uncertain. In this study, we...

The natural bioactive compound capsaicin has been reported to have anticancer activity, although the underlying mechanism of action has not been completely clarified. Herein, we investigated the mechanism whereby capsaicin exerts antitumor effects on...

In diabetes mellitus, disordered glucose and lipid metabolisms precipitate diverse complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, contributing to a rising global mortality rate. Theaflavins (TFs) can improve disorders of glycolipid metabo...

Calcium ions (Ca2+) play important and diverse roles in the regulation of autophagy, cell death and differentiation. Here, we investigated the impact of Ca2+ in regulating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell fate in response to the anti-cancer ag...

In recent years, many natural foods and herbs rich in phytochemicals have been proposed as health supplements for patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Theaflavins (TFs) are a polyphenol hydroxyl substance with the structure of diphenol ketone, an...

Alongside Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2), Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) has been suggested as a direct upstream kinase of AMP-activated protein kinase (...

EPA, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, exerts beneficial effects on human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EPA function are poorly understood. The object was to illuminate molecular mechanism underlying EPA’s role. Here...

GPR55 recognizes several lipid molecules such as lysophosphatidylinositol. GPR55 expression was reported in human monocytes. However, its role in monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis development has not been studied. The role of GPR55 in monocyte ad...

Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has em...

Calcineurin (CaN) is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase, which plays essential roles in many cellular and developmental processes. CaN comprises two subunits, a catalytic subunit (CaN-A, 60 kDa) and a regulatory subunit (CaN-B, 1...

Physical exercise reduces the extent, duration, and frequency of drug use in drug addicts during the drug initiation phase, as well as during prolonged addiction, withdrawal, and recurrence. However, information about exercise-induced neurobiological...

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulates cellular processes by deacetylating non-histone targets, including transcription factors and intracellular signalling mediators; thus, its abnormal activation is closely linked to the pathophysiology of several diseases. H...

Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality and a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes. The objective of this work was to investigate the novel transcriptional effects of a multigene pathway on IMF deposi...

Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is one of the most important oil crops worldwide, but its growth is seriously threatened by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The mechanism of oilseed rape response to this pathogen has rarely been studied. Here, it was identifi...

Panax ginseng was employed in the treatment of “Xiao-Ke” symptom, which nowadays known as diabetes mellitus, in traditional Chinese medicine for more than a thousand years. Ginsenoside Re was the major pharmacologic ingredient found abundantly in gin...

The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has led to significant interest in finding novel and effective therapeutic targets for this chronic disorder. Bioactive food components have effectively improved abnormal glucose metabolism associated with...

Penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) is a gallotannin polyphenolic compound that occurs naturally in fermented Rhus verniciflua. The present study aimed to examine the effect of PGG on UVB-induced skin aging and its molecular mechanisms in HaCaT hu...

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (MOR) reigns as the top-most devastating disease affecting global rice production. Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is crucial for mitigating plant responses to pathogens. However, the transcriptional dynamics...

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes bacterial canker of kiwifruit with heavy economic losses. However, little is known about the pathogenic genes of Psa. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas-mediated gen...

Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive multi-systemic disorder with 22 known genes. The primary clinical and diagnostic features include six different hallmarks, such as rod–cone...

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of paeoniflorin on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis induced by fructose. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 20% fructose drink for eight weeks. The insulin sensitivity, serum lipid profiles, and...

As a part of an abnormal healing process of dermal injuries and irritation, keloid scars arise on the skin as benign fibroproliferative tumors. Although the etiology of keloid scarring remains unsettled, considerable recent evidence suggested that ke...

Increasing evidence supports the therapeutic potential of rare cannabis-derived phytocannabinoids (pCBs) in skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and acne. However, the molecular mechanisms of the biological action of these p...

Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q-3-G), the glucuronide conjugate of quercetin, has been reported as having anti-inflammatory properties in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, as well as anticancer and antioxidant properties. Unlike qu...

Bacterial wilt (BW) is a globally serious soil-borne disease in a wide range of plants, caused by diverse strains of Ralstonia solanacearum. However, there are few research reports on melatonin regulating plant resistance against R. solanacearum. N-a...

Although ~40% of screen-detected prostate cancers (PCa) are indolent, advanced-stage PCa is a lethal disease with 5-year survival rates around 29%. Identification of biomarkers for early detection of aggressive disease is a key challenge. Starting wi...

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively treats obesity and related comorbidities, though individual responses vary. This systematic review examines how genetic variants influence MBS outcomes in morbidly obese patients. A comprehensive sear...

Adipose tissue metabolism plays a crucial role in sheep meat quality and the optimization of adipose tissue utilization. To reveal the molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue metabolism during growth in naturally grazing sheep, we investigated the mRN...

Adiponectin (ApN) is a hormone with potent effects on various tissues. We previously demonstrated its ability to counteract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe muscle disorder. However, its therapeutic use is limited. AdipoRon, an orally acti...

Epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological disorder with recurrent epileptic seizures. Current research stresses both inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as enablers in the pathophysiological process of epilepsy. In view of the growing concern abou...