Rationale: Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) measurement is a recommended noninvasive screening tool for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), but studies examining its real-world performance are limited, and integration of PCD diagnostic pathways varies across c...
Background and Purpose: As the workforce ages, facilitating the integration of medical care and occupational activities is a key concern for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although dyspnea is associated with reduced work prod...
Background/Objectives: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) caused by biallelic RSPH4A variants is enriched in the Puerto Rican population due to the founder allele c.921+3_921+6delAAGT, a 4-nucleotide deletion affecting the intron 6 splice donor. This s...
Background/Objectives: Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) reduces treatment failure and the need for surgery in complex pleural effusions (CPEs). Side effects, particularly systemic bleeding, are poorly characterised. The primary outcome of thi...
Background: Chronic cough is a major determinant of impaired quality of life and recurrent exacerbations in bronchiectasis. The BEAT-COUGH Study evaluated the effectiveness of adjunctive oral erdosteine plus nebulized amikacin during acute exacerbati...
Background: How spontaneously breathing individuals modulate inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) during incremental positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) loading, and whether this differs across respiratory exposure groups, are inc...
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent manifestation and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), particularly in antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) and anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protei...
Cellular senescence is one of the major risk factors for the onset and progression of chronic pulmonary diseases. Cellular senescence can be induced by diverse stressors, including genotoxic damage, oncogenic signaling, and therapeutic interventions....
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is among the most common causes of lower-respiratory-tract infection in infancy and remains a clinically heterogeneous syndrome. Current international guidelines recommend supportive management and generally discourage...
Pulmonary involvement in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is common and exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity, particularly in cases where interstitial lung disease (pSS-ILD) develops. Reported variability in prevalence, radiologic p...
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), termed COPD-associated pulmonary hypertension (COPD-PH), and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The efficacy and safety of pulm...
Rituximab-induced lung disease (R-ILD) is a rare but potentially serious complication most commonly reported in patients receiving rituximab as part of combination chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Pulmonary toxicity associated with rituxima...
Background: Nasal obstruction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), potentially contributing to upper airway instability and impaired breathing during sleep. However, its precise role in determining disease sev...
Background: Precision medicine has introduced immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) as key therapies for lung cancer. However, the interaction between PD-L1 expression and NTRK rearrangements in non-small cell lung...
Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is increasingly associated with earlier onset and accelerated trajectories of neurodegenerative change. Mechanistically, this relationship is thought to reflect convergent pathways spanning intermittent hypo...
Background/Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to impaired respiratory function and increased pneumonia risk due to reduced respiratory muscle strength, altered thoracic compliance, autonomic dysregulation, and diaphragm displacemen...
Background: Medical thoracoscopy (MT) represents the gold standard for undiagnosed pleural effusions, traditionally performed in the presence of pleural fluid. Recent technical advances have enabled MT in “dry space” conditions (minimal o...
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically transformed the clinical management of ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Successive generations of ALK inhibitors have been developed to overcome re...
Recurrent wheezing represents a significant cause of respiratory morbidity in preschool children. While viral infections in the context of immune dysregulation are primary drivers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux (...
Background/Objectives: COPD instability is heterogeneous; GOLD 2026 lowers the prior-year threshold to ≥1 moderate or severe exacerbation. We assessed whether this low-threshold criterion behaves as a high-sensitivity operational signal in primary...
Alveolar–pleural or broncho-pleural fistulas, leading to persistent air leaks (PALs), are associated with prolonged hospitalization and substantial morbidity. While guidelines advocate surgical repair as the primary treatment, its efficacy is l...
Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with lung dysbiosis and increased respiratory risk. Micro-aspiration is a proposed mechanism, but reliable biomarkers remain elusive. This study evaluates the potential of fluorescein as...
Background: Accessory ostia (AOs) can notably alter maxillary sinus ventilation, yet configuration-specific effects remain unclear. This study quantified how AO location and orientation regulate sinus ventilation using in vitro measurements and numer...
Background/Objective: Post-COVID survivors present significant respiratory deficiency that has been associated with ongoing shortness of breath and impaired lung function. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is increasingly used in survivors of COVID-1...
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause persistent, multisystem complications collectively termed long COVID. Cardiovascular sequelae are among the most clinically significant yet remain incompletely charact...
Urinothorax, the presence of urine in the pleural space, is an exceptionally rare cause of pleural effusion, with fewer than 100 cases described in the literature. It most often follows trauma or urological procedures, though obstructive uropathy is...
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization. Lung volume reduction surgery improves outcomes in a select cohort but portends high morbidity. Bronchoscopic lung volume r...
(1) Background: Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) with vacuum-based drainage can cause pain, especially in patients with a non-expandable lung (NEL). This evaluation assessed whether the Passio™ digital drainage system offers a viable alterna...
The relationship between asthma, infections, and immunodeficiencies is complex and affects disease progression. Immune deficiencies can occur independently or because of the inflammatory processes associated with asthma. Early viral infections like r...
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is mediated by hypersensitivity reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus, which is ubiquitous in the environment. People with Cystic Fibrosis (PwCF) are at an increased risk for developing ABPA, which can lead...
Background: The incidence of iatrogenic pneumothorax (IPTX) following transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLCB) ranges from 1.4% to 20.2%. While chest X-ray (CXR) is the standard imaging modality to exclude IPTX, thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has demonstrat...
Background: Triple therapy (long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) and inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs)) is a recommended treatment for moderate-to-severe asthma at GINA Steps 4 and 5. However, little is known abo...
Introduction: Radon is a radioactive noble gas formed from uranium decay in the Earth’s crust. The most significant isotope, 222Rn, emits alpha particles capable of damaging lung tissue and inducing cancer. Radon exposure is affected by geophys...
Background/Objectives: Asthma remains a prevalent cause of emergency department (ED) visits worldwide, necessitating prompt and effective intervention to prevent severe morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the management of asthma patients p...
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) is a clinical syndrome associated with worsening quality of life and increased mortality among patients with various interstitial lung diseases. This review aims to update the concepts and criteria that adequately...
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia in the United States accounts for over five million cases annually, with an estimated one million hospitalizations. About two million of these annual cases and over 100,000 annual hospitalizations are caused b...
Asthma is a persistent ailment that impacts the respiratory system and stands as a formidable public health challenge globally. Inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, while effective in asthma management, are accompanied by side effects and hig...
Background: This study aimed to develop a nomogram based on the most relevant clinical, CT, and radiomic features comprising 11 key signatures (2 clinical, 2 CT-based, and 7 radiomic) for the non-invasive prediction of the EGFR mutation status and to...
Interstitial pneumonia is a general term for diseases in which inflammation occurs mainly in the interstitium of the lung. It is also pointed out that interstitial pneumonia reduces alveolar function and makes it difficult to take in oxygen through i...
Introduction: Computed tomography-guided biopsies (CTGB) are essential in diagnosing various conditions, particularly in respiratory medicine, with lung cancer being a primary focus. A significant complication associated with CTGB is pneumothorax, wh...
Background: DLco remains one of the most commonly performed tests in the pulmonary lab. An isolated reduction in DLco is a unique abnormality with specific differentials when evaluating a patient with dyspnea. There remains a significant misunderstan...
Current treatments for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have improved survival but remain non-curative, primarily aiming to control disease and to extend life. Structured exercise has demonstrated clinical and quality-of-life benefits in...
Observational studies suggest a comorbid link between asthma and endometriosis, but the evidence remains limited and inconsistent. This study presents a meta-analysis examining this association. A comprehensive search of literature databases was cond...
Background/Objectives: Mask-wearing-induced discomfort often leads to unconscious loosening of the mask to relieve the discomfort, thereby compromising protective efficacy. This study investigated how leakage flows affect mask-associated thermoregula...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in humans. The morbidity and mortality due to TB are further worsened by co-existing health conditions and the emergence of drug-resistant (DR-TB) cases. The WHO has declare...
ChatGPT (Chat-Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is an accessible and innovative tool for obtaining healthcare information. This study evaluates the quality and reliability of information provided by ChatGPT 4.0® regarding Obstructive Sleep Apne...
Background/Objectives: Since the discovery of oncogenic neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) gene fusions in colorectal cancer in 1986, their understanding has evolved, particularly in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the past five yea...
Background: There is a limitation in understanding complete cardiopulmonary function during moments of exhaustive exercise due to invasive measurement techniques. We asked how cardiopulmonary function is perturbed during times of exercise in differen...
Self-Expanding Metallic (SEM) Y stents are a newer form of stent that is gaining popularity outside the USA, but still has limited data, especially in a community medicine setting. This study analyzed efficacy and complication rates in 14 patients wh...
The management of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) has developed hugely since the publication of the management of an MPE: British Thoracic Society (BTS) Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. The presence of an MPE reflects advanced or metastatic disease...
