Most Recent

Background: Chagas disease is a major public health problem, especially in Latin American countries, and benznidazole and nifurtimox are currently the only drugs available for its treatment. However, they present several disadvantages, such as low av...

Background: The number of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is growing, influenced by factors such as increasing life expectancy and prevalence of risk factors. Thus, cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of mortality and...

Background/Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major healthcare-associated infection associated with profound antibiotic-induced gut microbiome disruption that frequently persists after clinical resolution. This pilot study...

Background: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is associated with potentially serious complications, including heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias. The diagnosis and management of CS is multifaceted, requiring a multi-disciplinary team (MDT)-based a...

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) frequently coexists with type 2 diabetes (T2D), amplifying morbidity and mortality. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) confer significant cardiovascular benefits and are reco...

Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant health burden for individuals with diabetes mellitus, increasing morbidity and mortality. Understanding CKD and its risk factors is essential for early detection, effective manag...

Background: Secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) predicts poor outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. This study examines sex/racial disparities, predictors, and inpatient mortality in SPH-related OSA hospitalizations. Methods: We used...

Background: Sarcopenia is a progressive muscle disorder associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), in which early impairments in muscle strength and quality precede muscle mass loss. Simple, non-invasive measures such as handgrip strength, estimated ap...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in maternal mortality due to the direct effects of the viral infection and the indirect effects caused by the overload of health services, and the resulting economic and social crises....

Background: Pulmonary inflammation is a widely recognized characteristic of active tuberculosis (TB). Although standard TB treatment is effective, a substantial proportion of mycobacteriologically cured TB patients experience persistent pulmonary inf...

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains highly endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where hepatitis delta virus (HDV) co-infection substantially worsens liver disease outcomes. Mauritania has long been suspected to be a high-burden setting fo...

Background/Objectives: Delirium is frequent and serious in older adults attending the emergency department (ED), but evidence on its pharmacological management in this setting is limited. This study aimed to quantify the pharmacological treatment of...

Background/Objectives: Perinatal depression and anxiety are significant mental health concerns, and pharmacological treatments often pose considerable challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mental health status of pregnant and postpa...

Background/Objectives: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a critical reservoir for subsequent development of active tuberculosis (ATB) and poses significant challenges for early diagnosis and disease prevention. Traditional immunological...

“Nontuberculous mycobacteria” (NTM) is a general term for mycobacteria other than the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and Mycobacterium leprae. In Japan, 90% of pulmonary NTM disease cases are caused by two species, Mycobacterium avium...

Background/Objectives: To determine whether left atrial (LA) strain by speckle-tracking echocardiography can identify supraventricular arrhythmia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without overt structural heart disease. Methods: P...

Background: Leptin is a peptide hormone produced by white adipose tissue and is essential for the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis. Evidence suggests that leptin concentrations may vary according to emotional and psychosocial conditions,...

Background/Objectives: The efficacy of antidiabetic drugs is determined by intracellular target exposure rather than solely by plasma concentrations. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding subcellular drug distribution and its clinical si...

Background/Objectives: Homeostatic (nervous, immune and endocrine) systems and their communications network are crucial for health and aging rate. We previously reported behavioral and peritoneal leukocyte function alterations and oxidative-inflammat...

Long COVID is defined as “the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanations”, as reported by the World Health Orga...

Introduction: Minor digestive ailments are a common reason for individuals to visit pharmacies, and can be efficiently managed through structured pharmaceutical advice. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of advice provided by pharmacists...

Objective: To map and synthesize the published literature on the epidemiological burden of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) or multiple sclerosis (MS) using intermittent catheterization (IC). Methods: We conduct...

Background: Obesity substantially increases cardiovascular risk and contributes to the accumulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. Achieving optimal control of body weight and guideline-recommended targets is essential in high-risk patients, partic...

Background: Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), in which mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and impaired bioenergetic signaling play central pathogen...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) in adolescents is distinct from both childhood and adult TB, particularly in terms of risk factors; however, national-level data assessing these factors in adolescents remain limited despite growing attention to the issu...

Background: The efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) has been shown in pivotal randomized controlled trials. However, real-world data is needed to assess its effectiveness and safety in routine clinical care with biolo...

Introduction: Dysmorphic RBC (DysRBC) as a marker of glomerular abnormalities is expected to have added value in screening for glomerular abnormalities along with other examinations, including renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and pathological c...

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) among N-acylethanolamides displays a noteworthy impact on different inflammatory conditions and promises to become a valuable anti-inflammatory tool that does not interfere with the cyclooxygenase pathway. Mounting evidenc...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy that disproportionately affects young women. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved outcomes in both early-stage and metastatic TNBC, shifting...

Background/Objectives: Pregnancy is characterized by complex immunological adaptations that may increase susceptibility to infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in the immune res...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to pose significant therapeutic challenges, with high relapse rates driven largely by leukemic stem cells (LSCs), a rare, therapy-resistant population with self-renewal capacity, niche adaptation, and the abilit...

Background/Objectives: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation, is consistently detected in human semen, even in the absence of overt infection. Its contribution to sperm dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammat...

Hypertriglyceridaemia is the third most common aetiology of acute pancreatitis and a leading cause of recurrence in specialized lipid clinics. The risk of acute pancreatitis rises steeply once triglycerides exceed approximately 10 mmol/L (≈885...

Objectives: To synthesize current evidence and emerging data on systemic treatment strategies for early-stage and locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), with emphasis on treatment de-escala...

Background: Accurate staging of bladder cancer is critical for guiding clinical management, particularly the distinction between non–muscle-invasive (T1) and muscle-invasive (T2–T4) disease. Although MRI offers superior soft-tissue contra...

Background: Bladder cancer remains a heterogeneous disease, and genetic factors are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to its pathogenesis. CD36, a multifunctional scavenger receptor implicated in lipid metabolism and tumor progression...

Background: Sleep deprivation may contribute to increased abdominal adiposity. Although weekend catch-up sleep is associated with various health outcomes, its role in abdominal adiposity remains unclear, particularly among female fixed-shift workers....

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a leading cause of genital discomfort among women globally, and it arises from dysbiosis of the vaginal ecosystem characterized by the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. Current therapeutic strategies primarily rely on ant...

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major cardiovascular risk factor and an indicator of hypolipidemic therapy effectiveness. However, direct and calculated methods for determining “LDL-C” present the sum of the c...

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health challenge in Brazil, characterized by marked regional disparities. Although national legislation mandates that treatment begin within 60 days after diagnosis, compliance remains...

Background: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and burdensome symptoms faced by patients with cancer, yet effective drug-based treatments remain limited. In recent years, phytotherapeutic agents have drawn attention as complementa...

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis are highly prevalent immune-inflammatory diseases that interact bidirectionally. However, how early-onset T2DM, periodontitis, and adverse lifestyle behaviors collectively remodel the ging...

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerability and effectiveness of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in allergic adults and children treated with a polymerized-glutaraldehyde undiluted mixture of house dust mites (HDMs...

Background: Early recognition of renal allograft dysfunction requires biochemical markers capable of detecting molecular injury before functional decline becomes apparent. Serum creatinine, a late and nonspecific indicator of renal function, has limi...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, ECG, and echocardiographic features of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: This retrospective...

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains the leading cause of maternal mortality globally. Women with inherited or unexplained bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease (VWD), factor XI deficiency (FXI), platelet function disorders, o...

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite therapeutic advances, prevention through dietary bioactives remains a promising strategy. The Annurca apple (Malus pumila Miller cv...

Background/Objectives: Accurate and reproducible grading of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is clinically critical for guiding treatment decisions and patient management, yet manual assessment remains challenging due to imaging variability and inter-obs...

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and increasingly are recognized as a continuum of interconnected conditions rather than isolated entities. Methods: A structured narra...

Background: High residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) and persistent dyslipidemia remain important unmet needs in cardiovascular risk management, particularly in patients undergoing coronary revascularization. Despite intensive lipid-lowering and anti...