Retinoblastoma is a prevalent pediatric malignant tumour of the retina, primarily caused by biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene or, less commonly, amplification of the MYCN oncogene. It has a global incidence of approximately 1 in 15,000–18,...
Single-cell transcriptomics has redefined our understanding of cancer by exposing the complexity of tumor ecosystems and their therapeutic vulnerabilities. scRNA-seq studies have identified lineage hierarchies, immune evasion programs, and resistance...
Zinc homeostasis is fundamental to metabolic health, orchestrated by the coordinated actions of two major zinc transporter families: ZIP (Zrt- and Irt-like proteins) and ZnT (zinc transporters). ZIP transporters facilitate zinc influx into the cytoso...
The indole scaffold represents a privileged structural motif in medicinal chemistry, celebrated for its remarkable chemical versatility, biological ubiquity, and clinical relevance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent research...
Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients frequently experience alterations in the oral environment following radiotherapy, including xerostomia and impaired mucosal integrity, which may favour fungal overgrowth. This study aimed to characterise oral Candi...
Background/Objectives: This pilot study investigates the feasibility of using patient-derived microtumors (PDMs) to assess chemotherapy response in epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: Fresh tissue from 10 patients was used to develop PDMs, which were...
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important molecular target in the development of insecticides, but due to also being found in the human body, it is necessary to characterize the inhibitory profile of compounds to achieve selectivity. In this study,...
Breast cancer is a substantial and growing public health issue in India, with epidemiological data demonstrating distinct and often severe disease characteristics in contrast to Western countries. Contrary to the global trend, Indian women frequently...
For patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) follicular lymphoma (FL) after ≥2 prior lines of therapy, T-cell-redirecting therapies—including the bispecific CD3xCD20 antibody (BsAbs) mosunetuzumab (mosu) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (...
In Norway, organized cervical cancer screening was cytology-based until 2023, and women screened in 2013–2015 were largely unvaccinated. We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study to assess whether co-testing with a 3-type HPV...
Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) drives tumor progression in multiple cancer types, yet existing FGFR1 inhibitors suffer from suboptimal target selectivity and dose-limiting toxicities. This study describes an integr...
In recent decades, the novel role of Galectin-3 (Gal-3) in both physiological and pathological conditions has emerged. Gal-3 is a key protein involved in immunity, inflammation, cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Its physio...
Although traditionally contraindicated, the coadministration of tamoxifen and estradiol may hold clinical relevance in specific contexts, particularly in breast cancer survivors with premature menopause and a high risk of osteoporosis, thereby justif...
Extracellular Vesicle-associated microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) are emerging as pivotal regulators of corneal health and disease, holding exceptional promise for transforming both diagnostics and therapeutics. These vesicles carry distinct miRNA signatures in...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. This review explains the connections between the genesis and progression of GBM and particular cellular tumorigenic mechanisms, such as angiogenesis, invasion, migr...
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a transformative therapeutic modality that co-opts the ubiquitin-proteasome system for selective protein degradation. To date, the development of PROTACs has been overwhelmingly dominated by the recruitmen...
Background: Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) combines anatomical and functional imaging, showing promise in breast cancer diagnosis. Despite well-established lesion detection accuracy, few studies have investigated the link between CESM...
Chordomas are primary tumors of the skull base and vertebral column typically derived from the notochord. Treatment options consist of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This study reviews clinical trials focused on radiotherapy tech...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators of gene expression and cellular signaling in cancer. Their functions are primarily mediated through interactions with specific protein partners that modulate chromatin struc...
Bone loss is common in patients affected by pituitary and neuroendocrine disorders as both hormone excess and hormone deficiency can affect bone structure. There is increasing evidence that pituitary hormones directly influence bone cells turnover by...
The invention of antibacterial agents (antibiotics) was a significant event in the history of the human race, and this invention changed the way in which infectious diseases were cured; as a result, many lives have been saved. Recently, antibiotic re...
Alcohol is a prevalent psychoactive substance and a risk factor for developing injuries and non-communicable diseases, representing a significant health and economic burden. Alcohol involves numerous molecular pathways. Its metabolism is regulated by...
Taken together, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become one of the prime causes of the global disease burden. Aging is closely related to CVDs and is considered to be one of the crucial factors in the incidence of CVDs. In the process of aging, ce...
In West Africa, Paullinia pinnata (P. pinnata) alcohol leaf extracts are used to treat disorders such as depression and anxiety with no documented scientific justification. We have therefore evaluated the potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effec...
Gastrointestinal metastases of malignant melanoma are relatively common and pose significant challenges to clinical management due to their complex presentation and resistance to therapy. Early detection and a multidisciplinary treatment approach are...
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with only approximately 30% of new diagnoses manifesting with localized stages IA–IIA. Osimertinib is a third-generation inhibitor of the epidermal...
Pharmacological relevance: Ethnic people residing in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHTs) of Bangladesh use Pouzolzia sanguinea to alleviate flatulence, for menstruation, inflammation, insomnia, and analgesia. However, there is no scientific evidence re...
The liver is an essential metabolic organ that is involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and detoxification. Many endogenous and exogenous factors can cause liver injury, a complex pathological condition. It poses a serious risk to human h...
Background: Obesity has been defined as a true worldwide “pandemic” by the World Health Organization and represents one of the major public health problems. It is associated with a reduction in life expectancy of about 7–8 years due...
Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health, and vaccination remains the most cost-effective and efficient strategy for controlling outbreaks. This review first introduces the molecular characteristics of influenza A virus (IAV) and e...
Background and Clinical Significance: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), also known as hydatid disease, is a zoonosis in whose life cycle humans can be an accidental intermediate host. The liver is the most commonly affected organ, with complications like c...
Air pollution, particularly from vehicular emissions, has emerged as a critical environmental health concern, contributing to a global estimated 7 million premature deaths annually. Diesel exhaust, a major component of urban air pollution, contains f...
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) plays a crucial role in multiple cellular processes and is implicated in different types of cancers and neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease. Despite extensive efforts to develop no...
Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following major ABO-mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a challenging complication, affecting 7–10% of patients and significantly impacts quality of life. Despite half of patients...
The quantification of endocannabinoids in biological fluids is becoming increasingly popular as an indicator of psychological and physiological function. Numerous methods to quantify the endocannabinoid ligands have been published so far, yet their c...
Schizophrenia is a severe and complex psychological disorder characterised by psychosis, affecting approximately 20 million people worldwide, with its prevalence on the rise. It is hypothesised to arise from a multifactorial aetiology involving a com...
Cornea vascularisation is a significant cause of ocular morbidity. Disease or injury often triggers the development of new blood vessels in the cornea, compromising its clarity and impairing vision. Common causes of corneal neovascularisation include...
Proteases play a pivotal role in cancer progression, facilitating processes such as extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Consequently, protease inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in oncology. This revie...
Bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) is a type 1 G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). BRS-3 is an orphan GPCR that is structurally related to neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide receptors. When activated, BRS-3 causes phosphatidylinositol turnove...
Many health benefits are associated with Vitamin D (VitD), although deficiency is associated with poor health outcomes and the increased risk of cancer development. For example, many tissue-specific enzymes are involved in VitD metabolism, and mutati...
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family includes 22 proteins in humans. Based on their mode of action, there are three families of FGFs: paracrine FGFs (FGF 1–10, 16, 17, 18, 20, and 22), intracrine FGFs (FGF 11–14), and endocrine FGFs...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major reasons for cancer-related deaths around the world. Constitutive activation of WNT pathway, due to APC gene mutation, is the characteristic feature of most human colon tumors. Familial adenomatous polyposis...
We recently found that myometrial distension stimulates maternal uterine vascular remodeling, and hypothesized that this may be a previously unrecognized mechanism for inducing arterial growth during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to further ch...
In recent years, machine learning algorithms have seen extensive application in chemical science, especially in cell detection technologies. Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is designed to automatically discover patterns in data...
Aromatic properties of two series of quinoline derivatives were studied theoretically using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach. One series of compounds possesses antimalarial activity while the other does not have such properties. The B3LYP...
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide, and its incidence is expected to increase in coming years. Current diagnostic methods for HNC are often limited by suboptimal accuracy and speed, which can negati...
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that continues to have a rising number of cases. While extensive research has been conducted on Alzheimer’s disease in the last few decades, only a few drugs have been approved by the FDA...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and rare condition characterised by the occlusion of pulmonary arterioles, with clinical manifestations resulting from the cross-sectional area reduction of the small pulmonary arteries. The dise...
This review article explores the current landscape of acute myeloid leukemia treatment, including novel target molecules and recent advancements in cell therapy and immunotherapy focused on T cell activity. Advances in treatment have been promising i...
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-10 family, where IL-20 and IL-24 also exist. While IL-19 and IL-20 share some comparable structural folds, there are certain structural divergences in their N-terminal end...
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