Most Viewed

The rapid and improper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) has become an issue of great concern, resulting in serious threats to the environment and public health. In addition, e-waste is heterogenous in nature, consisting of a variety of valuable...

Mineral resource classification plays a critical role in communicating confidence levels, yet supporting methodologies such as drill-hole spacing analysis and geostatistical simulations are not consistently applied in routine updates of deterministic...

Currently, there is an increasing industrial demand for rare earth elements (REE) as these elements are now integral to the manufacture of many carbon-neutral technologies. The depleting REE ores and increasing mining costs are prompting us to consid...

The ball mill is a rotating cylindrical vessel with grinding media inside, which is responsible for breaking the ore particles. Grinding media play an important role in the comminution of mineral ores in these mills. This work reviews the application...

Quartz deposits are widely dispersed in nature, but the presence of ore bodies capable of yielding high-purity quartz is exceedingly rare. As a result, the effective purification and processing of high-purity quartz from natural siliceous materials h...

Kenya is an East African country with the third-largest economy in sub-Saharan Africa. The demand for metals and minerals continues to increase due to urbanization, population rise, and new infrastructure growth in different countries. Kenya formally...

Although ilmenite and rutile are extensively used to extract TiO₂ at the industrial level, through the sulphate and chloride processes, they can also be recognized to possess the potential to be employed as the raw material to synthesize other titani...

Banded iron-formations (BIFs) are marine chemical sedimentary rocks composed of siliceous and ferric materials, usually with typical thin layers or sheet structures. BIFs not only record a wealth of information about the state and evolution of the li...

Communities and authorities have been dismayed by globally recorded tailings storage facility (TSF) failures in recent years, which have negatively affected the safety of people and the integrity of the environment. In this context, obtaining the soc...

Ferrochrome (FeCr) is the main source of virgin chromium (Cr) units used in modern-day chromium (Cr) containing alloys. The vast majority of produced Cr is used during the production of stainless steel, which owes its corrosion resistance mainly to t...

The mining industry is confronted with substantial challenges in achieving environmental sustainability, particularly regarding water usage, waste management, and dam safety. The increasing global demand for minerals has led to increased mining activ...

The underground storage of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) in basalt presents an exceptionally promising solution for the effective and permanent sequestration of CO₂. This is primarily attributed to its geochemistry and the remarkable presence of reactive basa...

X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, as one of the most powerful methods, has been widely used to identify and quantify minerals in earth science. How to improve the precision of mineral quantitative analysis is still a hot topic. To date, several quant...

Southeast Asia has great potential for mineral exploration, and this region is well-known to host huge economic ore deposits located in complex tectonic terranes. Amongst these ore deposits, the Ni(Co) laterite deposits are mainly distributed in Indo...

Rare earth element (REE) permanent magnets (NdFeB) are a critical element in a vast and growing number of industrial applications. In consumer electronics, a broad category encompassing computer, CD, and DVD hard drives, in addition to the ubiquitous...

The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel burning and deforestation has caused global warming and an increase in extreme weather events. To complement the shift towards clean energy, it is crucial to adopt methods for ca...

While numerous studies have explored the mineralogical characteristics and purification techniques of high-purity quartz (HPQ), discussions on impurity control during various purification processes and their applications in photovoltaics, electronics...

Coal remains a very important source of energy for the global economy. Surface and underground coal mining are the two major methods of coal extraction, and both have benefits and drawbacks. Surface coal mining can have a variety of environmental imp...

Antimony is widely acknowledged as a critical raw material of worldwide significance, based on its recognition by many countries. According to current projections, there is an anticipated increase in the demand for antimony in the forthcoming years....

The regional environmental–geochemical surveying of the long-term impacts of mining and ore processing on a large part of the Zambian Copperbelt mining district was carried out by the Czech Research Group with cooperation of the Geology Departm...

Iron is one of the most stubborn impurities in quartz minerals, and the iron content partly determines the various applications of quartz. Iron can exist in quartz in the forms of iron minerals, fluid inclusions, and lattice impurities. The removal o...

This study examines the development trajectory and current trends of three-dimensional (3D) geological modelling. In recent years, due to the rising global energy demand and the increasing frequency of regional geological disasters, significant progr...

The use of analytical techniques is important and critical in all areas related to REE, such as basic fundamental research, exploration, mining, extraction, and metallurgical activities at different stages by different industries. At every stage of t...

Mineral resources are of great significance in the development of the national economy. Prospecting and forecasting are the key to ensure the security of mineral resources supply, promote economic development, and maintain social stability. The metho...

Hydrometallurgical gold recovery processes play a pivotal role in the gold mining industry, contributing to more than 90% of global gold production. Among the array of techniques available, the Merrill–Crowe process, adsorption, ion exchange, a...

Aluminum is produced from its primary bauxite ore through the Bayer process. Although Al is important nowadays in the development of humanity, its production leads to the generation of a huge amount of waste, called red mud. Globally, the estimation...

Bioleaching exhibits high potential for the processing of low-grade complex mineral resources. With the development of the economy and an increase in demand, rare earth elements (REEs) in secondary resources, such as phosphogypsum, red mud and coal-r...

After being subjected to geometallurgical evaluation, the iron ores from Singhbhum Bonai-Keonjhar region, eastern India, have been designated as dense martite microplaty hematite high-strength ore (dM-mH-hs ore), massive dense martite microplaty hema...

The recent tailings storage facility (TSF) dam failures recorded around the world have concerned society in general, forcing the mining industry to improve its operating standards, invest greater economic resources, and implement the best available t...

This work presents a new discussion about the vibrational properties of the carbonate ion displayed in several different environments. The microparameters introduced by cation substitution and different crystal lattices in addition to the crystal agg...

The awareness of tailings dam safety monitoring has widened due to the recent disasters caused by failures of such structures. The failure rate of tailings dams worldwide (i.e., the percentage of failed dams out of total) is estimated at 1.2%, compar...

The beneficiation of low-grade iron ores is a key research and development topic in the mineral processing industry. The gradual exhaustion of high-grade iron ore reserves, and rising consumer iron and steel demand globally necessitate efficient low-...

The introduction of mercury (Hg) into the environment by anthropogenic activities has resulted in negative implications for ecosystem functions and human health. Unlike the legacy of huge environmental pollution left by historic gold rushes in severa...

The geologic framework of western Washington, USA, is the result of collisional tectonics, where oceanic plate materials were subducted beneath the continental margin. As part of this process, fragments of mantle peridotites were transported into the...

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a type of optical emission spectroscopy capable of rapid, simultaneous multi-element analysis. LIBS is effective for the analysis of atmospheric gases, geological fluids, and a broad spectrum of minerals...

Kaolin-group minerals occur in nature as the result of high-sulfidation acid sulfate, sulfur-poor HCl-, HF- and H₂CO₃-rich acidic fluid-related hydrothermal alterations and in situ geochemical weathering. These minerals possess different crystallogra...

This review examines the technological surveillance of photovoltaic panel recycling through a bibliometric study of articles and patents. The analysis considered the number of articles and patents published per year, per country, and, in the case of...

The Mount Weld rare earth element (REE) deposit, Western Australia, is one of the largest of its type on Earth. Current mining exploits the high-grade weathered goethite-bearing resource that lies above, and which represents the weathering product of...

In flotation, a bubble acts as a carrier for attached particles. The properties of the gas–liquid interface of the bubble are one of the main factors determining the bubble motion and flotation efficiency. Monitoring of the bubble motion may de...

As high-grade gold deposits are progressively depleted, the proportion of refractory gold ores in total reserves is continuously increasing, making gold recovery from refractory ores an inevitable trend in the future development of the gold industry....

Traditional lithium extraction methods are time-consuming and energy-intensive, often leaving a large environmental footprint due to significant freshwater consumption. However, direct lithium extraction (DLE) technologies offer a more efficient and...

Manganese is a critical metal extensively used in steel production, battery manufacturing, and the chemical industry. Manganese deposits are widely distributed globally, with African manganese deposits holding a particularly significant position. Thi...

The application of microwave technology in mineral metallurgy is a transformative approach to ore processing that offers new ideas about the current progressive depletion of resources and the environmental impact of mineral processing. This review de...

Currently, Zambia is one of the world’s major emerald-producing countries. In this study, emerald samples from Kamakanga, Zambia, were systematically analyzed by standard gemological tests, microscopic observation, Raman spectroscopy test of mi...

This paper describes the potential industrial use of zircon from Nigeria (Plateau, Nasarawa, Kano, Kaduna, Bauchi, and Adamawa states). Different techniques, equipment, and indices such as scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray fluores...

This study investigates the structural control of the numerous gold occurrences in the southern part of the Barberton Greenstone Belt in the Malolotja and Steynsdorp areas. The gold-bearing event distribution is studied using field structural geology...

Phosphate ore is the dominating natural resource for the production of fertilizers and phosphorous chemical products. Flotation is the most widely employed technique to enrich apatite and remove the impurities for the separation of the phosphate ore....

Rare-earth elements (REEs), including lanthanides, scandium, and yttrium, are important for advanced technologies such as renewable energy systems, electronics, medical diagnostics, and precision agriculture. Despite their relative crustal abundance,...

Flotation stands out as a successful and extensively employed method for separating valuable mineral particles from waste rock. The efficiency of this process is subjected to the distinct physicochemical attributes exhibited by various minerals. Howe...

Microscopic analysis of fossils from the Lightning Ridge district of northwestern New South Wales, Australia, shows that opal has been typically deposited in variable cavities left by the degradation of the original organic material. Fine-grained, cl...