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Clean Technologies, Volume 8, Issue 1

2026 February - 25 articles

Cover Story: The emergence of biorefineries, leading to more Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles entering the animal feed market, encourages commercial production of Arabinoxylan (AX) products. This paper explores AX extraction from the Wet Distillers Grain (WDG) and Solubles, using the Gunt pilot-scale bioethanol plant to produce the two streams. An amount of 10 kg of wheat yielded 3.2 litres of 90% pure ethanol, 85 g of 52% pure water-unextractable AX (WUAX) from the WDG, and 92 g of 74% pure water-extractable AX (WEAX) from the Solubles. Enzymatic conversion of WEAX into oligosaccharides was 53%, whereas WUAX was unsusceptible to enzyme hydrolysis. AX-based products could be produced from a range of agricultural and biorefinery waste or low-value streams, with the global market potentially reaching >£1 billion per annum. View this paper
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Articles (25)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,815 Views
21 Pages

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover for Producing Lignin-Rich Solid Fuel and Sugar-Rich Intermediates

  • Mohammad Tarikuzzaman,
  • Shaurav Alam,
  • Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
  • Md Reazul Islam,
  • Zannatul Ferdous Tulona and
  • Joan G. Lynam

The sustainable conversion of agricultural waste biomass, particularly crop residues such as corn stover, into high-value products is vital for reducing their open-field burning and mitigating environmental hazards. The hydrothermal carbonization (HT...

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances and Innovations in Waste Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,847 Views
18 Pages

Arabinoxylans from the Distillers Grains and Solubles Co-Products of Ethanol Production: Extraction, Characterisation and Hydrolysis to Oligosaccharides

  • Mohammad Alyassin,
  • Saffa Izzati Kaderi,
  • Grant M. Campbell,
  • Helen Masey O’Neill and
  • Michael R. Bedford

Arabinoxylans (AX) and their oligosaccharides (AXOS) have potential as functional ingredients. The emergence of biorefineries, leading to more Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) entering the animal feed market, encourages commercial product...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Valorization and Sustainable Biorefineries)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,180 Views
22 Pages

Evaluating Halloysite-Rich Kaolin/Biopolymer Composites for Enhanced Carbon Capture—A Study of Isotherms and Mechanisms

  • Siavash Davoodi,
  • Bhabananda Biswas,
  • Laurence N. Warr,
  • Balu R. Thombare and
  • Ravi Naidu

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions have accelerated climate change, prompting the need for effective capture technologies. Adsorption using clay-based sorbents offers an eco-friendly alternative, although performance often requires enhancement. This study e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,219 Views
20 Pages

Scale-Up and Application of a Green Detergent Under Industrial Conditions to Remove Petroleum Derivatives: Comparison with Commercial Degreasers

  • Rita de Cássia Freire Soares da Silva,
  • Thaís Cavalcante de Souza,
  • Charles Bronzo Barbosa Farias,
  • Ivison Amaro da Silva,
  • Joyce Alves de Oliveira,
  • Attilio Converti,
  • Renata Laranjeiras Gouveia and
  • Leonie Asfora Sarubbo

The widespread use of petroleum derivatives in industrial settings poses a challenge due to their toxicity and the difficulty of removing them from tanks, pipes, and equipment. Conventional degreasers are generally expensive, toxic, and harmful to wo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,479 Views
22 Pages

Modified Zeolites as Alternative Adsorbents for PFAS Removal: A Comparative Study with Granular Activated Carbon

  • Bijan Pouryousefi Markhali,
  • Adam Farahani,
  • Matheus Campos Duarte,
  • Pooja Kaur Chaggar,
  • Kazem Javan and
  • Mariam Darestani

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and mobile contaminants of global concern, and, while granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used for their removal, it is limited by the high regeneration and disposal costs. This study i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,494 Views
21 Pages

Integrated Treatment and Valorization of Meat Processing Wastewater via Microalgae-Based Biomass Production

  • Ana S. S. Sousa,
  • Ana S. Oliveira,
  • Paula M. L. Castro and
  • Catarina L. Amorim

Meat-processing wastewater (MPWW) is rich in nutrients and organic matter. This study assessed its potential as feedstock for microalgal biomass production while enabling wastewater treatment. In batch assays, the microalgae-based consortium grew in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microalgae-Based Systems for Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,748 Views
26 Pages

Adsorption of Strategic Gases on Oxygen-Functionalized CMK-8 and CMK-9 Mesoporous Carbons: Experimental and Computational Studies

  • Cristian A. Diaz,
  • Kiara Montiel-Centeno,
  • Jhonny Villarroel-Rocha,
  • Deicy Barrera,
  • Anthony Dorhauer,
  • Carlos Wexler and
  • Karim Sapag

The efficient storage of strategic gases—CH4, CO2, and H2—remains a critical challenge due to the need for high pressures or cryogenic temperatures to achieve sufficient storage densities, often resulting in energy- and cost-intensive pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,689 Views
17 Pages

Valorization of Waste Hemp Hurd as Reinforcement in Extruded Thermoset Composites

  • Sodiq B. Yusuf,
  • Michael R. Maughan and
  • Armando G. McDonald

Biobased composites from fast growing hemp have drawn significant attention because they are inexpensive, biodegradable, sustainable, promote the circular economy, and have good mechanical properties. This proof-of concept study focused on utilizing...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,650 Views
26 Pages

Municipal solid waste challenges (MSW) and concerns about fossil fuel dependence motivate efforts to recover energy from waste, including refuse-derived fuel (RDF). Techno-economic assessment (TEA) evaluates the feasibility of systems by quantifying...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,711 Views
8 Pages

Enabling Circular Copper Flows in Electric Motor Lifecycle

  • Linda Sandgren,
  • Sri Ram Gnanesh,
  • Erik Johansson,
  • Victoria Van Camp,
  • Magnus Karlberg,
  • Mats Näsström and
  • Roland Larsson

Copper is a strategic raw material and an important component in electric motors, widely used across industries because of its excellent conductivity and recyclability. It plays an important role in the transformation from fossil fuel-based systems t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Circular Materials Conference 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,250 Views
20 Pages

This study evaluated low-cost food waste anaerobic digestion (FWAD) designed for African urban informal settlements, where electricity and process control are limited. Eight small-scale reactors were operated under varying mixing, pH control, and tem...

(This article belongs to the Collection Bioenergy Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,082 Views
24 Pages

The increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) poses a critical threat to global climate stability, highlighting the need for efficient carbon capture technologies. While amine-based solvents such as monoethanolamine (MEA) are widel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,792 Views
22 Pages

Efficiency of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Treating Wastewater from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling

  • Ronja Wagner-Wenz,
  • Frederik Funk,
  • Regine Peter,
  • Tobias Necke,
  • Fabian Brückner,
  • Maximilian Philipp,
  • Markus Engelhart,
  • Anke Weidenkaff and
  • Emanuel Ionescu

A treatment process was developed for effluents from direct physical lithium-ion battery (LIB) recycling with a focus on the removal of organic contaminants. The high chemical oxygen demand to biological oxygen demand ratio (COD/BOD5) of 3.9–4.6 indi...

(This article belongs to the Topic Wastewater Treatment Based on AOPs, ARPs, and AORPs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,566 Views
38 Pages

Hybrid-Energy-Powered Electrochemical Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement Model: Plant Operation, Cost, and Profitability

  • James Salvador Niffenegger,
  • Kaitlin Brunik,
  • Katie Peterson,
  • Andrew Simms,
  • Tristen Myers Stewart,
  • Jessica Cross and
  • Michael Lawson

Electrochemical ocean alkalinity enhancement is a form of marine carbon dioxide removal, a rapidly growing industry that is powered by efficient onshore or offshore energy sources. As more and larger deployments are being planned, it is important to...

(This article belongs to the Topic CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,593 Views
19 Pages

Façades account for approximately 15–20% of a building’s embodied carbon, making them a key target for material decarbonization. While bio-composites are increasingly explored for façade insulation, cladding systems remain d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Circular Materials Conference 2025)
  • Correction
  • Open Access
1,796 Views
1 Page
  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,262 Views
34 Pages

Textile Wastewater Treatment by Membrane and Electrooxidation Processes: A Critical Review

  • Milena Espinosa,
  • César Afonso,
  • Bárbara Saraiva,
  • Davide Vione and
  • Annabel Fernandes

The textile industry is one of the largest consumers of water worldwide and generates highly complex and pollutant-rich textile wastewater (TWW). Due to its high load of recalcitrant organic compounds, dyes, salts, and heavy metals, TWW represents a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,131 Views
14 Pages

Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coatings Based on Macroalgal Extracts from Ulva ohnoi and Asparagopsis taxiformis

  • Lorenzo Maria Ruggeri,
  • Carlo Maffei,
  • Domenico Prisa,
  • Francesco Crea and
  • Damiano Spagnuolo

The increasing environmental impact of synthetic antifouling paints has stimulated the search for natural, eco-friendly alternatives. In this study, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the macroalgae Ulva ohnoi and Asparagopsis taxiformis were evaluate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,748 Views
24 Pages

Currently, the general focus of engine-produced pollution reduction lies in exhaust gas aftertreatment methods. This paper attempts a paradigm shift in the field by applying the pre-combustion treatment technologies by fumigation method, which consis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,711 Views
29 Pages

Experimental Test and Modeling Validation for CO2 Capture with Amine Solvents in a Pilot Plant

  • Claudia Bassano,
  • Mattia Micciancio,
  • Paolo Deiana,
  • Gabriele Calì,
  • Enrico Maggio,
  • Leonardo Colelli and
  • Giorgio Vilardi

The European Union’s enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets for 2030 make the large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies essential to achieve deep decarbonization goals. Within this context, this study aims...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
4,817 Views
34 Pages

Life Cycle Optimization of Circular Industrial Processes: Advances in By-Product Recovery for Renewable Energy Applications

  • Kyriaki Kiskira,
  • Sofia Plakantonaki,
  • Nikitas Gerolimos,
  • Konstantinos Kalkanis,
  • Emmanouela Sfyroera,
  • Fernando Coelho and
  • Georgios Priniotakis

The global shift toward renewable energy and circular economy models requires industrial systems that minimize waste and recover value across entire life cycles. This review synthesizes recent advances in by-product recovery technologies supporting r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clean Energy Technologies for Decarbonization and Environmental Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,918 Views
16 Pages

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Fish Waste: A Sustainable Pathway for Valorization and Resource Recovery

  • Carmen María Álvez-Medina,
  • Sergio Nogales-Delgado,
  • Beatriz Ledesma Cano,
  • Vicente Montes-Jiménez and
  • Silvia Román Suero

Fisheries and aquaculture residues pose escalating environmental challenges due to their high moisture content, nutrient loads, and pollutant potential when improperly managed. Conventional valorization routes, such as fishmeal, fish oil, and silage,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,980 Views
19 Pages

Dilute methane (CH4) emissions from dairy barns (<500 ppm) are a challenging agricultural greenhouse-gas source to abate via biofiltration because its poor solubility makes gas–liquid mass transfer a primary limitation in biotrickling filter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,884 Views
22 Pages

Valorisation of Eggshell Waste for Effective Biosorption of Congo Red Dye from Wastewater

  • Natalija Velić,
  • Marija Stjepanović,
  • Marta Ostojčić,
  • Helena Švarc,
  • Ivica Strelec and
  • Sandra Budžaki

The objective of this study was to valorise eggshell waste (ESW) by investigating its biosorption properties and evaluating its efficiency as a sustainable biosorbent for the removal of the synthetic dye Congo Red (CR) from model CR solutions and syn...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pollutant Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorptive Biomaterials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,821 Views
26 Pages

A system dynamics approach is described to explore the path of Carbon Capture diffusion. The proposed model, in principle, follows the Bass diffusion of innovation theory and includes all major influencing factors. The primary contribution of this pa...

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Clean Technol. - ISSN 2571-8797