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Clean Technol.
Special Issues
Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture
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Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture

A special issue of Clean Technologies (ISSN 2571-8797).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2026) | Viewed by 13072

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppina Vanga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ENEA—Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: green chemistry; carbon dioxide; CO2 capture; materials chemistry; catalyst; chemical engineering; energy conversion; e-fuels; biofuels
Dr. Claudia Bassano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
Interests: carbon dioxide; biomass; Fischer–Tropsch process; catalyst; carbon capture; Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; energy engineering; renewable energy technologies; energy conversion; biomass conversion; e-fuels; biofuel production

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the call for papers for this Special Issue, which aims at collecting works showing strategies of scientists working on green solvents and materials for CO2 capture. We welcome original research articles, review articles and case studies exploring novel strategies. The use of fossil fuels as the main primary energy source inevitably leads to an increasing amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. The increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is indicated as the main cause of the greenhouse effect on the planet, resulting in climate change. These reasons have motivated the growing efforts in recent years, both by the technical-scientific and policy communities, to control the accumulation of atmospheric CO2, and considerable progress has already been made in CO2 capture, storage and utilization, as evidenced by the new materials proposed since the beginning of the millennium in the literature. In general, the synthesis of most CO2 sorbents may require multiple steps for their preparation or activation, which goes against the principles of green chemistry (GCP). A global effort is therefore needed to develop new green solvents and materials for CO2 capture, while improving their capture efficiency in a sustainable way using different approaches and technologies. To address these challenges, it becomes essential to think about green frameworks to design chemical products and processes.

Dr. Giuseppina Vanga
Dr. Claudia Bassano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Clean Technologies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green chemistry
  • CO2 capture
  • deep eutectic solvent
  • ionic liquid
  • amines
  • solubility of CO2
  • adsorption of CO2
  • choline chloride

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2185 KB  
Article
CO2 Capture by Hydrotalcite-Derived Sorbents in Pressure Swing Adsorption for Sorption-Enhancing
by Barbara Malsegna, Andrea Di Giuliano, Greta D’Antonio and Katia Gallucci
Clean Technol. 2026, 8(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8020031 - 2 Mar 2026
Viewed by 854
Abstract
This work investigated hydrotalcite-derived sorbents for CO2 capture at 350 °C, 10 or 14 bar, and 38.5 vol% CO2 in wet or dry gas flow under dynamic Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) in a packed-bed laboratory reactor. The chosen conditions enabled a [...] Read more.
This work investigated hydrotalcite-derived sorbents for CO2 capture at 350 °C, 10 or 14 bar, and 38.5 vol% CO2 in wet or dry gas flow under dynamic Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) in a packed-bed laboratory reactor. The chosen conditions enabled a preliminary assessment of the suitability of hydrotalcite-derived sorbents for Sorption-Enhanced-Water-Gas-Shift (SEWGS), a promising process for producing pure hydrogen from syngas. Two starting sorbents were considered: derived from commercial hydrotalcite, and from hydrotalcite synthesized by low-supersaturation. Both sorbents were doped with 20 wt% K2CO3. In addition, a hydrotalcite bifunctional catalyst-sorbent for SEWGS was studied. K2CO3-doping and higher pressure significantly improved the CO2-sorption capacity; the highest value (1.51 mmolCO2∙g−1) was measured under wet conditions at 14 bar. The bifunctional material showed good, stable CO2 sorption capacity (1.39 mmolCO2∙gsolid−1 on average out of five PSA cycles under wet conditions at 14 bar). Materials derived from commercial hydrotalcite doped with K2CO3 showed promising performances for future industrial SEWGS applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
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29 pages, 7273 KB  
Article
Experimental Test and Modeling Validation for CO2 Capture with Amine Solvents in a Pilot Plant
by Claudia Bassano, Mattia Micciancio, Paolo Deiana, Gabriele Calì, Enrico Maggio, Leonardo Colelli and Giorgio Vilardi
Clean Technol. 2026, 8(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol8010006 - 5 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1480
Abstract
The European Union’s enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets for 2030 make the large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies essential to achieve deep decarbonization goals. Within this context, this study aims to advance CCS research by developing and testing a [...] Read more.
The European Union’s enhanced greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets for 2030 make the large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies essential to achieve deep decarbonization goals. Within this context, this study aims to advance CCS research by developing and testing a pilot-scale system that integrates gasification for syngas and power production with CO2 absorption and solvent regeneration. The work focuses on improving and validating the operability of a pilot plant section designed for CO2 capture, capable of processing up to 40 kg CO2 per day through a 6 m absorber and stripper column. Experimental campaigns were carried out using different amine-based absorbents under varied operating conditions and liquid-to-gas (L/G) ratios to evaluate capture efficiency, stability, and regeneration performance. The physical properties of regenerated and CO2-saturated solvents (density, viscosity, pH, and CO2 loading) were analyzed as potential indicators for monitoring solvent absorption capacity. In parallel, a process simulation and optimization study was developed in Aspen Plus, implementing a split-flow configuration to enhance energy efficiency. The combined experimental and modeling results provide insights into the optimization of solvent-based CO2 capture processes at pilot scale, supporting the development of next-generation capture systems for low-carbon energy applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
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18 pages, 3830 KB  
Article
Green CO2 Capture from Flue Gas Using Potassium Carbonate Solutions Promoted with Amino Acid Salts
by Ramona Elena Tataru-Farmus, María Harja, Lucia Tonucci, Francesca Coccia, Michele Ciulla, Liliana Lazar, Gabriela Soreanu and Igor Cretescu
Clean Technol. 2025, 7(4), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7040099 - 5 Nov 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
CO2 emissions from various anthropogenic activities have led to serious global concerns (climate change and global warming), and, therefore, CO2 capture by sustainable methods is a priority research topic. One of the most widely used and cost-effective technologies for post-combustion CO [...] Read more.
CO2 emissions from various anthropogenic activities have led to serious global concerns (climate change and global warming), and, therefore, CO2 capture by sustainable methods is a priority research topic. One of the most widely used and cost-effective technologies for post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) is the chemical absorption method, where potassium carbonate solution is proposed as a solvent (with or without the addition of promoters, such as amines). An ecological alternative, presented in this study, is the use of amino acids instead of amines as promoters—alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly) and sarcosine (Sar)—in concentrations of 25% by weight of K2CO3 + 5 or 10% by weight of amino acid salt, thus resulting in the so-called green solvents, which do not show high toxicity and inertness to biodegradability. The studies had as a first objective the characterization of the proposed green solvents, in terms of density and viscosity, and then the comparative testing of their efficiency for CO2 retention from gaseous fluxes containing high CO2 concentrations. The experiments were performed at temperatures of 298 K, 313 K, and 333 K at atmospheric pressure. The best performance was observed with K2CO3 + 5% Sar salt at 313 K, reaching an absorption capacity of 2.58 mol CO2/L solvent, which is a promising improvement over the reference solution based on K2CO3. Increasing the amino acid concentration to 10% generally led to a reduced performance, especially for sarcosine, probably due to an increase in solution viscosity or a possible kinetic inhibition. This study provides valuable experimental data supporting the ecological potential of amino acid-promoted potassium carbonate systems, paving the way for further development of chemisorption processes and their implementation on an industrial scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
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21 pages, 2981 KB  
Article
Nitrogen-Doped Porous Waste Biomass as a Sustainable Adsorbent for CO2 Capture: The Influence of Preparation Conditions
by Christiano B. Peres, Leandro C. Morais and Pedro R. Resende
Clean Technol. 2025, 7(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7010025 - 12 Mar 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2803
Abstract
In the context of global warming, technologies and studies aimed at mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) have become increasingly relevant. One such technology is CO2 capture by activated and functionalized N-doped carbon from biomasses. This paper explores the ways to find [...] Read more.
In the context of global warming, technologies and studies aimed at mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) have become increasingly relevant. One such technology is CO2 capture by activated and functionalized N-doped carbon from biomasses. This paper explores the ways to find the optimal CO2 adsorption conditions, based on the carbonization temperature, impregnation rate, and preparation method, considering four different preparation routes in activated and functionalized carbon-N (PCs) of banana peel biomass residues. PCs were produced and chemically activated by K2C2O4 and H2O and functionalized by ethylenediamine (EDA). Carbon dioxide capture was investigated using functional density theory (DFT). Nitrogen (N) doping was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the thermal characteristics were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detection, and surface functional groups were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, the inorganic components were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The best performance of CO2 adsorption of 1.69 mmol/g was achieved at 0 °C and 1 bar over the adsorbent synthesized at 600 °C with 60 min residence time, a 1:1 degree of impregnation, and a dry preparation method (single-stage preparation). This work presents as a great innovation the use of biomass as a raw material in the adsorption of the main greenhouse gases, using easy and accessible products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
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15 pages, 2301 KB  
Article
Measurement and Correlation of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium of Mixtures of 1,2-Propanediol or 1,4-Butanediol + 1,8-Diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene at 30 kPa
by Camilla Barbieri, Valentina Schiattarella, Stefania Moioli, Laura A. Pellegrini, Giacomo Filippini, Alberto R. de Angelis and Gianluca Fiori
Clean Technol. 2025, 7(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7010003 - 30 Dec 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4142
Abstract
In this study, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) experimental data were measured for two binary solvents based on 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU), which can be used as a new CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2-BOLs) solvent. No experimental data are available in the literature and [...] Read more.
In this study, vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) experimental data were measured for two binary solvents based on 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU), which can be used as a new CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2-BOLs) solvent. No experimental data are available in the literature and are fundamental to determine whether the considered mixtures are suitable to be possible alternatives to traditional amine solutions for CO2 removal. The bubble point data of 1,2-propanediol+1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,4-butanediol+DBU mixtures were measured at 30 kPa. The experimental determination was carried out in an all-glass dynamic recirculation still at the Process Thermodynamics laboratory (PT lab) of Politecnico di Milano. The thermodynamic modeling of the VLE behavior of two DBU-based mixtures was performed considering the NRTL, the UNIQUAC, and the Wilson models, and binary interaction parameters of the NRTL activity coefficients model were regressed on the basis of the measured experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Solvents and Materials for CO2 Capture)
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