2026 August - 149 articles
Background/Objectives: Achondroplasia is the most common genetic skeletal dysplasia associated with disproportionate short stature and is primarily caused by gain-of-function variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. Constitut...
Background/Objectives: Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering superior survival rates and quality of life compared to dialysis. However, long-term graft survival rem...
Background/Objectives: Acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs) are an important cause of morbidity among children under five years of age. This study aimed to identify factors associated with ALRI among children under five treated at a Peruvian em...
Background: Ovarian torsion is a pediatric surgical emergency in which timely diagnosis and preservation of ovarian tissue are important considerations for future reproductive and endocrine function. This study aimed to describe the clinical characte...
Background/Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may require topical rectal treatment for distal colonic inflammation. Rectal foams or rectal enemas can reach deeper bowel sections but are complex to administer, especially for pediatric patien...
Context: Previous studies and reviews in adult patients have shown that hope is an important coping mechanism in patients with serious health problems. Although there are individual studies in pediatric patients, there is a lack of a systematic revie...
Background/Objectives: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a preventable neurodevelopmental condition associated with dysfunction of fronto-subcortical networks affecting attention, executive function, and behavioral regulation. Central auditor...
Background/Objectives: Recent pediatric sleep research has increasingly adopted an integrated lifestyle perspective, examining sleep together with diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and family environments. However, bowel habits remain comp...
Background/Objectives: Most children and adolescents do not meet recommended physical activity (PA) levels. Artificial intelligence (AI) may enable personalized and adaptive interventions, but evidence across delivery formats remains unclear. This sc...
Background/Objectives: This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the sequential mediating roles of school belonging and prosocial behavior in the effects of parent–adolescent and teacher–student relationships on adoles...
Objectives: To describe BMI-for-age and transverse dental arch measurements in growing children with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and a non-Marfan pediatric comparison group. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case–control observational study incl...
Legal definitions of human viability vary worldwide. Background/Objectives: The treatment of periviable newborns remains controversial and raises ethical concerns. However, currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) sets the lower limit of viabil...
Background/Objectives: Problematic internet use (PIU) is a growing behavioral health concern among school-aged children. Whether health literacy and health-promoting lifestyle beliefs are associated with PIU among gifted children—a developmenta...
Background: Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive and emotional abilities that underpin goal-directed behavior, decision-making, and problem-solving. EFs can be categorized into two broad types, Hot EFs and Cool EFs, distinguished by their relation...
Background/Objectives: Existing mental health help-seeking measures may not adequately reflect adolescents’ developmental and sociocultural contexts. This study developed and evaluated a mental health help-seeking scale for Korean adolescents....
Objective: To evaluate the response of various oxygenation indices to the oxygen challenge test (OCT), prior to decannulation, in neonates supported with VA ECMO for respiratory indications, and to compare these responses between survivors and non-su...
Background/Objectives: Illness uncertainty is inherent in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the factors that contribute to it and outcomes impacted by it have yet to be assessed in pediatric IBS. As such, the current longitudinal pilot study a...
Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding confers important health benefits for mothers and children. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted childcare practices and maternal behaviors, with some effects persisting beyond the acute phas...
Background/Objectives: Diaphragm ultrasonography enables noninvasive bedside assessment of diaphragmatic structure and function. However, longitudinal changes in diaphragm ultrasound parameters across different respiratory support modalities remain i...
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the leading chronic respiratory complications of extreme prematurity despite major advances in neonatal intensive care. Current diagnostic definitions are primarily based on respiratory support requirem...
Background: Dental anxiety is a prevalent condition in pediatric oral healthcare and linked with multiple etiologic factors. Although sociodemographic factors are frequently examined, the influence of internal psychological constructs such as self-es...
Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a dynamic neurodevelopmental period during which structured language performance may reflect ongoing biological reorganization processes. This study examined whether inflammatory, nutritional, and hormonal biomar...
We read with great interest the article by Kass et al [...]
Background: Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), shifting the clinical focus toward long-term complications such as feeding difficulties. Initiation of enteral feeding varies across cent...
Background/Objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in metabolic dysfunction and elevates the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus in later life. Early identification of IR in adolescents is therefore important. T...
Background/Objectives: Digital technologies have created new pathways through which perpetrators can initiate contact with children, yet evidence directly comparing child sexual abuse (CSA) cases according to the mode of first contact between the vic...
Background/Objectives: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores and sinonasal anatomical variations, including Haller cells, concha bullosa, and the direction and severity of...
Background and objectives: Children born prematurely are more likely to have altered sensory profiles, which can affect family and school functioning. This scoping review aimed to analyze the relationship between prematurity and the development of at...
Background/Objectives: Childhood cancer outcomes are influenced by clinical, socioeconomic, and territorial factors, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study characterized pediatric cancer patients from Córdoba and Sucre, Colombia...
Background/Objectives: The minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) and its modifications represent the gold standard for surgical repair of chest wall deformities. Severe complications during or after MIRPE are rare but likely underrepo...
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative ultrasound features, dynamic changes, and ovarian outcomes in neonatal ovarian torsion, and to compare ovarian survival across ultrasound subgroups. Methods: This retrospective stud...
Background/Objectives: Problematic social media use (PSMU) has become an increasingly important mental health concern among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological inflexibility (PI) in the relati...
Background: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart defects (CHD) is important for perinatal planning, yet the gestational week at which CHD is diagnosed varies considerably. In referred cohorts, diagnostic timing may be influenced by maternal, fetal,...
Background: Cardiac arrhythmias in children and adolescents may present with nonspecific symptoms such as precordial pain, palpitations, and syncope. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and rhythm findings of symptomatic pediatric patients and...
Background: Previous Australian child developmental assessment service (CDAS) cohorts have identified a small proportion of children experiencing extreme waiting times (≥730 days) for standardised developmental assessments. However, factors associ...
Background: As a highly prevalent chronic non-communicable disease in children and teens, dental caries continues to be a major global public health issue. Effective prevention and planning rely heavily on the systematic monitoring of oral health at...
Background: The purpose of this paper is to describe lessons learned from a clinical program that was developed to serve adolescents who experienced ABI in childhood during their transition to adulthood by providing insights to achieve good health an...
Introduction: We retrospectively assessed preoperative cardiac autonomic regulation in neonates with TGA who subsequently underwent arterial switch operation. Materials and Methods: Neonates treated between 1 January and 31 December 2024 were studied...
Background/Objectives: Pediatric acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasingly recognized as a clinically significant disease, yet Central and Eastern European cohort data remain limited. Acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) affects a substantial proportion...
Background: Children with heart failure (HF) are at risk of cognitive and psychiatric problems, and reduced health-related quality of life (QoL), yet data remain limited. This study compared neurocognition, social cognition, health-related quality of...
Background/Objectives: Timely identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential for access to early intervention; however, diagnostic delay remains a persistent challenge. Methods: This scoping review synthesized evidence from eight studi...
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be conceptualized not as a static condition but as a dynamic disorder of developmental regulation, in which neuroplastic potential is translated into functional gains only through structured, experience-...
Background/Objectives: High accommodative lag and relative peripheral hyperopic defocus during near work have been proposed as potential contributors to myopia progression. Orthokeratology (OK) reshapes the cornea to provide central correction while...
Background/Objectives: School refusal tendency is an important school adaptation issue, but its upstream psychosocial correlates remain insufficiently understood. We examined whether baseline multidimensional social interaction was prospectively asso...
Background/Objectives: Breastfeeding is universally recognized as essential for neonatal health, offering benefits that extend into later life stages. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for increasing access to effective, low-cost interven...
Background/Objectives: The therapeutic window for growth hormone (GH) therapy in late-pubertal males with advanced bone age (BA ≥ 15 years) is generally considered closed. Yet, open knee physes may indicate residual growth potential. This single-a...
Background: Sports injuries in children and adolescents may affect physical health, emotional well-being, sleep, quality of life, confidence, sport participation, and readiness to return to sport. Objective: This systematic review synthesized evidenc...
Introduction: Pediatric clavicle fractures are among the most common fractures in this age group. Current research supports the efficacy of nonoperative treatment for these injuries in pediatric patients. Our study seeks to examine the current trends...
Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a key period for the development of physical activity habits and school-related behaviors. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been associated with cognitive and educational outcomes, but its relati...
Background and Aim: Pediatric ERCP remains significantly less studied compared to its application in adults, particularly in infants, due to the limited procedural volume. This study aims to evaluate the indications, procedural specifics, technical s...
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