Mathematics, Volume 14, Issue 6

Branching processes are stochastic models describing the evolution of populations in which individuals reproduce and die independently over time. In the classical setting, an individual’s reproductive capacity is fixed throughout its lifetime....

This paper investigates the strong convergence of jump-diffusion processes with Markovian switching using the truncated Euler–Maruyama (TEM) method. Under the assumption that the drift and diffusion coefficients satisfy a Khasminskii-type condi...

The aim of the present work is to study a class of nabla fractional problems with two different nabla Riemann–Liouville operators and three-point parameter-dependent boundary conditions. First, we derive the expression of the Green’s func...

Pseudo-multiview learning improves classification by integrating complementary feature representations, but its performance degrades as the number of psuedo-views increases due to model collapse and ineffective feature scaling. This paper introduces...

The formal ordinal sums of t-norms on the bounded lattice is defined by Saminger, but the formal ordinal sum need not be a t-norm. Hence, she provides a necessary and sufficient condition such that the formal ordinal sum is a t-norm indeed. In this p...

In this paper, we construct a probabilistic model of a sliding mode. This model is based on the moment a random walk with positive jumps crosses a certain critical level. It is assumed that the jump magnitude has a geometric distribution. If the init...

Deep learning models for brain tumor classification from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often achieve high in-dataset accuracy but exhibit substantial performance degradation when evaluated on unseen clinical data due to domain shift arising from v...

This paper investigates dynamic event-triggered control (DETC) and encoding–decoding schemes to achieve the synchronization of T-S fuzzy neural networks (FNNs). DETC allows the transmission signals to be controlled aperiodically during the actu...

Humans face environmental deterioration. Scholars have identified carbon dioxide as one of the culprits, and they emphasize carbon offset. Researchers are investigating carbon offset investments. Some researchers have encouragingly deployed multivari...

In this study, we examine the effectiveness of combining interleukin-2 (IL-2) with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in controlling HIV replication. A mathematical model of the immune system is developed to analyze immune recovery when IL-...

Evolutionary reinforcement learning (ERL) offers a compelling alternative for continuous control by combining the population-level exploration of evolutionary algorithms with the gradient-based exploitation of reinforcement learning. However, applyin...

Europe’s fossil-based electricity mix has shifted rapidly in recent years, raising a practical question: can we model competitive substitution among fuels with a framework that is both predictive and interpretable? We address this by combining...

We introduce the one-parameter bounded p-exponential distribution on $(0, p+1)$, which includes the uniform model as a special case and converges pointwise to the exponential law as $p\to \infty$. Closed-form expressions are derived for the CDF a...

This article proposes a new type of analytic function called ${\mathbb{M}}_{tan}$ and introduces a new geometric structure that blends exponential and trigonometric properties. In addition, it obtains exact bounds for all second- and third-order Hankel determinants...

Gene transcription is inherently stochastic, and promoter-switching-induced transcriptional bursting generates substantial cell-to-cell variability in mRNA abundance. Such variability is commonly characterized by the mean and variance; however, these...

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for the identification, state estimation, and robust control of a bistable Duffing–Holmes oscillator, validated through an experimental setup. First, to address parametric uncertainty, a Recursive L...

Doubly periodic tangles, or DP tangles, are embeddings of curves in the thickened plane that are periodically repeated in two directions. They are defined as universal covers of their generating cells, the flat motifs, which represent knots and links...

Vulnerability disclosures are outpacing manual remediation capacity. We present a Zero-Touch Vulnerability Remediation Framework combining OpenVAS scanning, multi-source threat intelligence, and Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced through Retrieval...

The concept of vector topical functions, which take values in a partially ordered Banach space endowed with a complete lattice structure, was introduced in our preceding study. This structure enabled the development of an abstract convexity theory fo...

In recent years, special function theory has played an increasingly important role in the development of advanced mathematical models and statistical distributions. In this paper, a new extension of the Euler Beta function is introduced by employing...

Facial emotion recognition (FER) plays an important role in healthcare, human–computer interaction, and intelligent security systems. However, despite recent advances, many state-of-the-art FER methods depend on computationally intensive CNN or...

Domain shift in multi-source MRI imaging data significantly degrades the performance of Alzheimer’s disease diagnostic models. This study aims to develop an effective unsupervised domain adaptation method to enhance diagnostic accuracy across d...

Revolution surfaces with zero mean curvature in the Galilean 3-space have been extensively studied in the literature. However, revolution surfaces with non-zero constant mean curvature in this geometric setting have not yet been investigated in a sys...

This study investigates the common assumption that segmental inertial parameters remain constant during manual lifting using a model-based experimental approach. The primary objective was to evaluate the variability in these parameters and the subseq...

When measurement invariance (MI) is violated in multi-group structural equation models, group-specific measurement artifacts inflate the between-group variance of structural parameters beyond their true values. Existing remedies—partial invaria...

We study a class of perturbed tridiagonal problems in the form of a rank-one update of a symmetric tridiagonal Toeplitz matrix. We derive computable formulas for up to eighth-order polynomial approximations or closed formulas for quartic approximatio...

Maritime ship target tracking plays an important role in applications such as maritime patrol and maritime surveillance. However, complex sea conditions, similar target appearances, and long-distance imaging often lead to target identity confusion an...

This paper will present a constant-force vibration isolator (CFVI), in which the isolated load is supported by two pulley-roller mechanisms, while the dynamic stiffness is modified by a cam mechanism with the piecewise profile redefined by the user....

The driven damped pendulum is a foundational model in nonlinear dynamics, with applications ranging from Josephson junctions to MEMS oscillators. Conventional dimensionless treatments obscure the common physical origin of damping and driving in the i...

This paper constructs and estimates a novel two-sector Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to analyze the macroeconomics of Kazakhstan’s dual-energy structure, where a large fossil fuel sector coexists with an emerging renewable...

This paper studies the supervisory control of discrete event systems (DESs) from an event observation perspective and addresses the problem of supervisor design with minimal observation. In supervisory control, a supervisor enables or disables contro...

To meet the real-time computational requirements of active suspension control systems, this study shifts from complex microscopic physical equations to a direct nonlinear functional mapping between the relative motion states (displacement and velocit...

Fish identification and classification tasks allow scientists greater data on the sustainability and diversity of fisheries. Advances in computer vision, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have enabled automated fish detection at scal...

In this paper, we introduce a multi-variable bi-affine functional equation of the form $f\left({\sum }_{i=1}^m{\alpha }_i{x}_i,{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\beta }_j{y}_j\right)={\sum }_{i=1}^m{\sum }_{j=1}^n{\alpha }_i{\beta }_{j}f(x_i,y_j)$, where m and n are integers and $m,n\ge 2$ and ${\alpha }_i,{\beta }_j$ are nonzero scalars...

This paper addresses the problem of complete synchronization of chaotic systems subject to external disturbances and parameter uncertainties, proposing a robust control strategy based on radial basis function (RBF) neural network fusion with a distur...

This paper evaluates an Adaptive LASSO-MGARCH model for multivariate volatility forecasting, with applications in green and conventional bonds, equities, energy commodities, and EU carbon allowances. By introducing coefficient-specific adaptive penal...

In this paper, we classify moduli spaces of arrangements of 12 lines with a sextic point. We show that these moduli spaces can consist of more than two connected components. We also present defining equations of arrangements whose moduli spaces are n...

This paper examines the dynamics of positive solutions to a system of fuzzy difference equations, which provide effective tools for modeling dynamical systems with uncertain or imprecise parameters. The main objective is to establish the existence, u...

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are highly susceptible to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks due to their resource-constrained and distributed nature. In this study, we propose a novel trust-based malicious node detection mechanism that leverages a Dept...

This study introduces and investigates the space of interval-valued Abel-convergent sequences, extending the classical notion of Abel convergence to sequences whose terms are closed and bounded intervals rather than real numbers. A suitable metric st...

To address challenges in complex group decision-making (GDM)—specifically preference fuzziness, intricate subgroup segmentation, and non-cooperative behavior—this study proposes an adaptive consensus model based on probabilistic linguisti...

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations are becoming the backbone of global communications, yet their cybersecurity remains critically under-addressed. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) for such constellations face a unique trilemma of accuracy, e...

In Social Internet of Vehicles (SIoV) environments, fog computing plays a crucial role in supporting real-time services by reducing the latency inherent in cloud-based architectures. However, fog nodes are typically deployed in physically exposed roa...

Multi-Key Fully Homomorphic Encryption (MK-FHE) is essential for secure multi-party computation but currently faces significant scalability bottlenecks due to linear computational growth and low bootstrapping throughput. To address these limitations,...

We study a pharmaceutical scheduling problem with a hybrid batch-continuous manufacturing process in a distributed supply chain. The supply chain consists of heterogeneous plants and one distribution center. Each plant adopts an unrelated permutation...

Pricing multi-peril agricultural insurance under compound climate hazards demands a framework that captures stochastic dependence among heterogeneous perils, accommodates non-stationary loss dynamics, and supports adaptive policy optimisation. We dem...

While Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria are extensively utilized for corporate evaluation, empirical evidence regarding sovereign ESG efficiency remains scarce. Existing national sustainability indices often fail to account for how...

We provide a computational piecewise linear regression (CPLR) method with endogenous segmentation to construct accurate mathematical representations of data. The method models the unemployment–inflation relationship through a deterministic segm...

In the present work, a comparative study of a model of the nonlinear solidification of a binary melt in the presence of a quasi-equilibrium mushy region and a binary phase field model of an aqueous solution of NaCl in water is performed. Nonlinear mo...

The weighted Delannoy number $D^{(a,b,c)}(h,k)$ is a weighted generalization of the Delannoy number. We show that all zeros of the polynomial $d_n^{(a,b,c)}\left(x\right):={\sum }_{k=0}^n{D}^{(a,b,c)}(n-k,k)x^k$ are real, distinct and lying in the open interval $(-\frac{{(\sqrt{ab+c}+\sqrt{c})}^{}}{}$...