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Water, Volume 12, Issue 8

2020 August - 243 articles

Cover Story: The low desert of California is the major date production area within the United States. This study aims to acquire crop water use and crop coefficient information for California date palms. The novelty of the effort is using the residual of energy balance method with a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance techniques. The study develops a data set and relationships that could serve as a reference for further studies and applications to date production in arid and semi-arid regions. The findings may assist farmers in employing adaptive tools to utilize water more efficiently and achieve full economic gains in a sustainable manner, especially as water resources become less available or more expensive. View this paper
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Articles (243)

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
16,008 Views
22 Pages

The Production and Marketing of Mineral Water in 21st Century Spain

  • Ramón García-Marín,
  • Javier Lozano-Parra,
  • Cayetano Espejo-Marín and
  • Ana Eulalia Aparicio-Guerrero

18 August 2020

Since the end of the last century, Spain has become a country of reference in the European Union due to its volume of bottled mineral water. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the key aspects of this sector over the last two decades. Through...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,622 Views
25 Pages

18 August 2020

Hydrologic models driven by downscaled meteorologic data from general circulation models (GCM) should be evaluated using long-term simulations over a historical period. However, simulations driven by GCM data cannot be directly evaluated using observ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,198 Views
11 Pages

Transient Phenomena Generated in Emptying Operations in Large-Scale Hydraulic Pipelines

  • Guillermo Romero,
  • Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel,
  • Óscar E. Coronado-Hernández,
  • Román Ponz-Carcelén and
  • Francisco Biel-Sanchis

18 August 2020

Air pockets generated during emptying operations in pressurized hydraulic systems cause significant pressure drops inside pipes. To avoid these sudden pressure changes, one of the most widely used methods involves the installation of air valves along...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,560 Views
19 Pages

18 August 2020

In the study of the seepage characteristics of layered rock slope under rainfall conditions, the majority of previous research has considered the hydraulic conduction to be isotropic, or only considered the anisotropy ratio of the hydraulic conductiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,829 Views
22 Pages

Virtual Tracers to Detect Sources of Water and Track Water Reuse across a River Basin

  • Gijs Simons,
  • Peter Droogers,
  • Sergio Contreras,
  • Jack Sieber and
  • Wim Bastiaanssen

18 August 2020

Water managers around the world face the increasingly challenging task to evaluate the impacts of technological measures and policy mechanisms from the local to the river basin scale. A toolset providing quantitative, actionable information on depend...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,271 Views
19 Pages

Profile of the Spatial Distribution Patterns of the Human and Bacteriophage Virome in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the South of Spain

  • Cristina García-Fontana,
  • Alejandro Rodriguez-Sanchez,
  • Barbara Muñoz-Palazon,
  • Alejandro Gonzalez-Martinez,
  • Maria Vela-Cano and
  • Jesus Gonzalez-Lopez

18 August 2020

In wastewater treatment plants, most microbial characterization has focused on bacterial, archaeal, and fungal populations. Due to the difficult isolation, quantification, and identification of viruses, only a limited number of virome studies associa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,086 Views
21 Pages

17 August 2020

A large number of water resources development projects have significantly changed the natural flow regime of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, especially the Danjiangkou Reservoir, cascade reservoirs, the South-to-North Water Divers...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
16,842 Views
17 Pages

Biosand Filter as a Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technology: Influence of Turbidity on Microorganism Removal Efficiency

  • Daniela A. Duran Romero,
  • Maria Cristina de Almeida Silva,
  • Beni J. M. Chaúque and
  • Antônio D. Benetti

17 August 2020

The number of people living without access to clean water can be reduced by the implementation of point-of-use (POU) water treatment. Among POU treatment systems, the domestic biosand filter (BSF) stands out as a viable technology. However, the perfo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,402 Views
13 Pages

A Quantile Mapping Method to Fill in Discontinued Daily Precipitation Time Series

  • Manolis G. Grillakis,
  • Christos Polykretis,
  • Stelios Manoudakis,
  • Konstantinos D. Seiradakis and
  • Dimitrios D. Alexakis

17 August 2020

We present and assess a method to estimate missing values in daily precipitation time series for the Mediterranean island of Crete. The method involves a quantile mapping methodology originally developed for the bias correction of climate models&rsqu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,985 Views
13 Pages

17 August 2020

Occurrence of heavy metals in freshwater sources is a grave concern due to their severe impacts on public health and aquatic life. Cadmium (Cd2+) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals, and can cause serious diseases even at low concentrations. He...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,661 Views
12 Pages

17 August 2020

Microcystis aeruginosa is the dominant alga forming cyanobacteria blooms, the growth of which is limited by available nutrients. Thus, it is necessary to study cyanobacteria blooms and explore the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa under different nutr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
3,493 Views
13 Pages

17 August 2020

As infrastructure and populations are highly condensed in megacities, urban flood management has become a significant issue because of the potentially severe loss of lives and properties. In the megacities, rainfall from the catchment must be dischar...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,839 Views
13 Pages

17 August 2020

This paper presents an analysis of the perception regarding reclaimed wastewater reuse in agriculture conducted in the European Union regions. The analysis is based upon a SWOT framework and applies a cluster analysis to reduce the dimension of the r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
6,890 Views
22 Pages

17 August 2020

Failures of small dams can pose a serious threat to people and property even if the size of the schemes is relatively low. In many cases, small dams are situated in a cascade along streams, meaning that the failure of the uppermost dam may cause the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,353 Views
13 Pages

Quantifying the Benefits of Residential Greywater Reuse

  • Josh Byrne,
  • Stewart Dallas,
  • Martin Anda and
  • Goen Ho

17 August 2020

There is paucity of data on the quantification of the benefits of residential greywater reuse via direct diversion. While estimates have been made based on modelling the potential mains water savings, it is also recognised that the practicalities of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,922 Views
24 Pages

Static Liquefaction Capacity of Saturated Undisturbed Loess in South Jingyang Platform

  • Rui-Xin Yan,
  • Jian-Bing Peng,
  • Jin-Yuan Zhang and
  • Shao-kai Wang

16 August 2020

According to a previous geological investigation, high-speed and long-distance loess landslides in the South Jingyang platform in Shaanxi Province are closely related to the static liquefaction of loess. Considering the typical loess landslides in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,164 Views
26 Pages

A GIS-Based Fit for the Purpose Assessment of Brackish Groundwater Formations as an Alternative to Freshwater Aquifers

  • Abdullah Karim,
  • Marangely Gonzalez Cruz,
  • Elma A. Hernandez and
  • Venkatesh Uddameri

16 August 2020

A fit for purpose (FFP) framework has been developed to evaluate the suitability of brackish water resources for various competing uses. The suitability or the extent of unsuitability for an intended use is quantified using an overall compatibility i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,381 Views
14 Pages

16 August 2020

This study analyzed the microphysical characteristics of stratiform and convective precipitation over an inland arid region of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in summer for the first time. The observed precipitation data were from the OTT Parsivel2 laser...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,104 Views
14 Pages

15 August 2020

This study was conducted at Laman Sayur, Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (MAEPS), to investigate the hydraulic performance of a small-scale drip irrigation system. The modelling was carried out using EPANET software to understand how the drip i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,918 Views
14 Pages

15 August 2020

Emergency interconnected operation (EIO) between adjacent blocks in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the most effective countermeasures of a water utility when abnormal conditions (e.g., suspended water supply, pipe burst) occur at a certa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,669 Views
18 Pages

Evaluating the Impacts of Pumping on Aquifer Depletion in Arid Regions Using MODFLOW, ANFIS and ANN

  • Mohammed R. Almuhaylan,
  • Abdul Razzaq Ghumman,
  • Ibrahim Saleh Al-Salamah,
  • Afaq Ahmad,
  • Yousry M. Ghazaw,
  • Husnain Haider and
  • Md. Shafiquzzaman

15 August 2020

In arid regions, the groundwater drawdown consistently increases, and even for a constant pumping rate, long-term predictions remain a challenge. The present research applies the modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow (MODFLOW)...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,644 Views
22 Pages

Does Data Availability Constrain Temperature-Index Snow Models? A Case Study in a Humid Boreal Forest

  • Achut Parajuli,
  • Daniel F. Nadeau,
  • François Anctil,
  • Oliver S. Schilling and
  • Sylvain Jutras

14 August 2020

Temperature-index (TI) models are commonly used to simulate the volume and occurrence of meltwater in snow-fed catchments. TI models have varying levels of complexity but are all based on air temperature observations. The quality and availability of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
58 Citations
6,039 Views
21 Pages

Aluminum-Doped Cobalt Ferrite as an Efficient Photocatalyst for the Abatement of Methylene Blue

  • Naseem Abbas,
  • Nida Rubab,
  • Natasha Sadiq,
  • Suryyia Manzoor,
  • Muhammad Imran Khan,
  • Javier Fernandez Garcia,
  • Isaias Barbosa Aragao,
  • Muhammad Tariq,
  • Zeeshan Akhtar and
  • Ghazala Yasmin

14 August 2020

The present study is aimed to access the photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue dye using CoFe2O4 and Co0.1Al0.03Fe0.17O0.4 nanoparticles. The synthesis of spinel ferrites nanoparticles was performed by a facile sol-gel method. The synthesized...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,099 Views
18 Pages

Evaluation of Different Methods to Assess the Hydraulic Behavior in Horizontal Treatment Wetlands

  • Feliciana Licciardello,
  • Alessandro Sacco,
  • Salvatore Barbagallo,
  • Delia Ventura and
  • Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli

14 August 2020

While there have been numerous studies on the rate and development of clogging in horizontal subsurface treatment wetlands (HSTWs) and, consequently, the effects on its hydraulic characteristics, research has not shown a clear understanding of the pr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
6,572 Views
21 Pages

Association between Drinking Water Nitrate and Adverse Reproductive Outcomes: A Systematic PRISMA Review

  • Hannah S. Clausen,
  • Ninna H. Ebdrup,
  • Ida M. Barsøe,
  • Julie Lyngsø,
  • Jörg Schullehner,
  • Cecilia H. Ramlau-Hansen,
  • Bjørn Bay and
  • Ulla B. Knudsen

14 August 2020

One in six couples experience fertility problems. Environmental factors may affect reproductive health; however, evidence is lacking regarding drinking water nitrates and outcomes of male and female fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,932 Views
14 Pages

Projection of Droughts as Multivariate Phenomenon in the Rhine River

  • Alejandro Chamorro,
  • Tobias Houska,
  • Shailesh Kumar Singh and
  • Lutz Breuer

14 August 2020

Drought is a complex phenomenon whose characterization is best achieved from a multivariate perspective. It is well known that it can generate adverse consequences in society. In this regard, drought duration, severity, and their interrelationship pl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,455 Views
12 Pages

Elucidation of the Mechanism of Blockage in Sewer Pipes by Fatty Acid Deposition and Suspended Solid

  • Toshihiko Otsuka,
  • Hiroshi Yamazaki,
  • Eriko Ankyu,
  • Tofael Ahamed,
  • Martin Anda and
  • Ryozo Noguchi

14 August 2020

The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which blockages occur in sewer pipes following the deposition of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and suspended solids (SS). In this study, a simulated wastewater flow experiment was conducted to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,106 Views
20 Pages

14 August 2020

This study developed a runoff model using a convolution neural network (CNN), which had previously only been used for classification problems, to get away from artificial neural networks (ANNs) that have been extensively used for the development of r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,524 Views
15 Pages

14 August 2020

Climate change can bring about substantial alternatives of temperature and precipitation in the spatial and temporal patterns. These alternatives would impact the hydrological cycle and cause flood or drought events. This study has developed an ensem...

  • Article
  • Open Access
68 Citations
11,178 Views
19 Pages

The Potential Use of Geophysical Methods to Identify Cavities, Sinkholes and Pathways for Water Infiltration

  • Yawar Hussain,
  • Rogerio Uagoda,
  • Welitom Borges,
  • José Nunes,
  • Omar Hamza,
  • Cristobal Condori,
  • Khurram Aslam,
  • Jie Dou and
  • Martín Cárdenas-Soto

14 August 2020

The use of geophysical characterization of karst systems can provide an economical and non-invasive alternative for extracting information about cavities, sinkholes, pathways for water infiltration as well as the degree of karstification of underlyin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
9,469 Views
10 Pages

14 August 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine water scarcity and food security in the United States, the world’s largest grain producer, and to provide empirical evidence that high volumes of water-intensive crops are grown in water-scarce regions....

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
6,295 Views
17 Pages

Exergy Optimization of a Solar Collector in Flat Plate Shape Equipped with Elliptical Pipes Filled with Turbulent Nanofluid Flow: A Study for Thermal Management

  • Sara Rostami,
  • Mohammad Sepehrirad,
  • Amin Dezfulizadeh,
  • Ahmed Kadhim Hussein,
  • Aysan Shahsavar Goldanlou and
  • Mostafa Safdari Shadloo

14 August 2020

In this paper, forced convection of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–water nanofluid (NF) in a new flat plate solar collector (FPSC) equipped with elliptical pipes instead of circular ones is investigated. The three-dimensional conservation equa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
5,276 Views
18 Pages

Flood Evacuation Routes Based on Spatiotemporal Inundation Risk Assessment

  • Yoon Ha Lee,
  • Hyun Il Kim,
  • Kun Yeun Han and
  • Won Hwa Hong

13 August 2020

For flood risk assessment, it is necessary to quantify the uncertainty of spatiotemporal changes in floods by analyzing space and time simultaneously. This study designed and tested a methodology for the designation of evacuation routes that takes in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,160 Views
26 Pages

13 August 2020

This study intends to establish the main relations between topographic characteristics of the watershed and the main parameters of the unit hydrograph measured at the outlet. It looks to remove the subjectivity found in traditional synthetic methods...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,747 Views
15 Pages

Response of Soil Water Dynamics to Rainfall on A Collapsing Gully Slope: Based on Continuous Multi-Depth Measurements

  • Zhi-Yun Jiang,
  • Xue-Dan Wang,
  • Si-Yi Zhang,
  • Bin He,
  • Xiao-Li Zhao,
  • Fan-Ling Kong,
  • Dan Feng and
  • Yu-Chao Zeng

13 August 2020

Soil water conditions play an important role in the formation of a collapsing gully, but we are still at the early stages of understanding how the soil water changes on the slope after different rainfall events due to a lack of high-frequency continu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,992 Views
18 Pages

Enhanced Sulfamerazine Removal via Adsorption–Photocatalysis Using Bi2O3–TiO2/PAC Ternary Nanoparticles

  • Xiaoxuan Zhuang,
  • Xing Li,
  • Yanling Yang,
  • Nan Wang,
  • Yi Shang,
  • Zhiwei Zhou,
  • Jiaqi Li and
  • Huiping Wang

13 August 2020

The presence of sulfonamides (SAs) in water has received increasing attention due to the risk to ecosystems. The adsorption and photocatalysis performance for sulfamerazine (SMZ) of Bi2O3–TiO2 supported on powdered activated carbon (Bi2O3&ndash...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,061 Views
19 Pages

13 August 2020

Accurate runoff forecasting is of great significance for the optimization of water resource management and regulation. Given such a challenge, a novel compound approach combining time-varying filtering-based empirical mode decomposition (TVFEMD), sam...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,295 Views
27 Pages

13 August 2020

In north China, vegetables are always cultivated in conventional solar greenhouses (SG), however, these structures cannot be used during most of the winter due to extremely low temperatures. In this study, a new type of a solar greenhouse named sunke...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,621 Views
22 Pages

Effect of Pulse Drip Irrigation Duration on Water Distribution Uniformity

  • David Lozano,
  • Natividad Ruiz,
  • Rafael Baeza,
  • Juana I. Contreras and
  • Pedro Gavilán

13 August 2020

Developing an appropriate irrigation schedule is essential in order to save water while at the same time maintaining high crop yields. The standard procedures of the field evaluation of distribution uniformity do not take into account the effects of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
10,263 Views
48 Pages

13 August 2020

Current flood vulnerability analyses rely on deterministic methods (e.g., stage–damage functions) to quantify resulting damage and losses to the built environment. While such approaches have been used extensively by communities, they do not ena...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
7,325 Views
18 Pages

13 August 2020

Decaying algal blooms in eutrophic lakes can introduce organic matter into the water and change nutrient concentrations in the water column. The spatial distribution and composition characteristics, sources, and contribution to eutrophication of diss...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
3,660 Views
24 Pages

13 August 2020

This study analyzed the long-term alterations in runoff regime, seasonality and variability in headwater montane basins in Central Europe in response to the manifestations of climate change. We tested the common hypotheses on climate change effects o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
98 Citations
6,191 Views
23 Pages

Seasonal and Interannual Trends of Oceanographic Parameters over 40 Years in the Northern Adriatic Sea in Relation to Nutrient Loadings Using the EMODnet Chemistry Data Portal

  • Federica Grilli,
  • Stefano Accoroni,
  • Francesco Acri,
  • Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry,
  • Caterina Bergami,
  • Marina Cabrini,
  • Alessandra Campanelli,
  • Michele Giani,
  • Stefano Guicciardi and
  • Stefano Cozzi
  • + 10 authors

13 August 2020

Long-term data series (1971–2015) of physical and biogeochemical parameters were analyzed in order to assess trends and variability of oceanographic conditions in the northern Adriatic Sea (NAS), a mid-latitude shallow continental shelf strongl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
4,709 Views
16 Pages

Experimental and Numerical Analyses on Mixing Uniformity of Water and Saline in Pipe Flow

  • Bin Sun,
  • Yuanbo Lu,
  • Quan Liu,
  • Hongyuan Fang,
  • Chao Zhang and
  • Jinping Zhang

13 August 2020

Liquid—liquid mixing is commonly observed in many applications such as the chlorination of water supplies and the agricultural fertigation. In order to study the mixing law of water-chlorine or water-fertilizer in a turbulent pipeline, saline w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,304 Views
20 Pages

Integrating Sustainable Water Resource Management and Land Use Decision-Making

  • Heidi L. N. Moltz,
  • Carlington W. Wallace,
  • Erfaneh Sharifi and
  • Karin Bencala

13 August 2020

Human uses of land and water are directly linked and must, therefore, be managed with each other in mind. This paper puts forward an approach for integrating sustainable water resource management into local land use decision-making in the Potomac bas...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,729 Views
16 Pages

Analyses of Runoff and Sediment Transport and their Drivers in a Rare Earth Mine Drainage Basin of the Yangtze River, China

  • Youcun Liu,
  • Qianqian Ding,
  • Ming Chen,
  • Lirong Zhong,
  • David Labat,
  • Ming Zhang,
  • Yimin Mao and
  • Yongtao Li

13 August 2020

A comprehensive analysis of the effects of major climate conditions such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and precipitation on changes in runoff and sediment transport in a basin may provide a scientific basis and technical support for regional...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,192 Views
14 Pages

12 August 2020

An aircathode microbial desalination cell (AMDC) was successfully started by inoculating anaerobic sludge into the anode of a microbial desalination cell and then used to study the effects of salinity on performance of AMDC and effect of treatment of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,425 Views
17 Pages

Global River Monitoring Using Semantic Fusion Networks

  • Zhihao Wei,
  • Kebin Jia,
  • Xiaowei Jia,
  • Ankush Khandelwal and
  • Vipin Kumar

12 August 2020

Global river monitoring is an important mission within the remote sensing society. One of the main challenges faced by this mission is generating an accurate water mask from remote sensing images (RSI) of rivers (RSIR), especially on a global scale w...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
35 Citations
8,116 Views
8 Pages

Integrating Reservoir Operations and Flood Modeling with HEC-RAS 2D

  • Matthew Garcia,
  • Andrew Juan and
  • Philip Bedient

12 August 2020

Current free to use models developed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) perform unique functions (e.g., hydrology, hydraulics, reservoir operations, and flood impact analysis) that are widely used in numerous studies and application...

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Water - ISSN 2073-4441