Systemic inflammation is monitored with various biomarkers; of these, C-reactive protein (CRP) is widely used due to its cost effectiveness and widespread implementation. However, its lack of specificity and delayed kinetics have directed interest in...
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy and is associated with poor survival outcomes. Biomarkers of systemic inflammation derived from blood tests collected as part of routine clinical care offer prognostic information for patients...
Background/Objectives: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affect oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which might modify the risk of thrombosis in asthmatic patients exposed to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 micron...
(1) Background: Inflammation is associated with depressive illness and treatment resistance. This study assessed a novel inflammatory index, the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), in patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant bipolar depressi...
Background: Pembrolizumab monotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) expressing PD-L1 ≥ 50% doubles five-year survival rates compared to chemotherapy. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can cause severe, long-term toxicity nece...
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm, and calcitonin is its main biomarker. An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) have been...
31 December 2025
Cervical cancer, primarily caused by high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), remains a global health concern. Prognostic biomarkers reflecting systemic inflammation and immune response—the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the Systemi...
Systemic inflammation plays a central role in many diseases and is, therefore, an important therapeutic target. In a scoping review, we assessed the evidence base for the anti-inflammatory effects of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics in children. Of the 125...
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal systemic inflammatory indices, hematological parameters, and fetal thymus size, as measured by the thymus–thoracic ratio (TTR), among diabetic pregnancies, an...
Introduction. The pathogenesis of aortic stenosis includes the processes of chronic inflammation, calcification, lipid metabolism disorders, and congenital structural changes. The goal of our study was to determine the predictive value of novel bioma...
Background: No studies have identified combined biomarkers that may be more reasonable for the assessment of current chemo-immunotherapy in patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Methods: This study was conducted to investiga...
Background: Post-pneumonectomy bronchopleural fistula (PPBPF), although infrequent, represents one of the most devastating complications after pneumonectomy, carrying high morbidity and mortality. Accurate risk stratification is essential for timely...
A positive relationship has been reported between advanced periodontitis and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship with parameters for periodontitis, such as PISA and systemic in...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are autoimmune diseases associated with chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to identify metabolic alterations in Colombian women with RA and SLE to discover p...
Background: The VITAL study was a nationwide, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 × 2 factorial trial of vitamin D3 (2000 IU/day) and marine n-3 FAs (1 g/day) supplements. We recently reported that vitamin D supplementation with or...
Over the last years has emerged the urgent need for the identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers able to potentially identify metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients most likely to benefit from Radium-223 (Ra-223) sin...
Although the diagnosis of sepsis requires the identification of the three components of infection, a systemic inflammation response, and organ dysfunction, there is currently no consensus on gold-standard criteria. There are however suggested tools a...
Objectives: Hepcidin is a biomarker produced by hepatocytes in chronic disease anemia and is known to increase during chronic inflammation. This study compares the hepcidin levels in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and controls, evaluati...
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to ankylosis by secondary ossification of inflammatory lesions, with progressive disability and a significant impact on quality of life. It is also a risk factor for the...
Inflammation-related parameters serve as pivotal indicators in the prognosis and management of lung cancer. This retrospective investigation aimed to explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and diverse clinical variables in non-small-ce...
Cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome (CKMS) represents the intricate interconnection of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic disorders, with systemic inflammation now recognized as a key driver of both pathogenesis and prognosis. Thi...
Emerging evidence highlights the role of chronic low-grade inflammation and dysregulated cytokines in both obesity and schizophrenia, suggesting overlapping immune system pathways that contribute to cognition and nervous system inflammation. Excess a...
In light of the elevated incidence and consequential prognostic implications associated with colorectal cancer, a comprehensive investigation into the impact exerted by inflammatory status on patient management becomes imperative. A retrospective stu...
This study investigates the role of inflammatory markers in perception disorders associated with major psychiatric pathology, focusing on schizophrenia and acute psychotic disorder. Guided by the vulnerability–stress–inflammation model, t...
Systemic inflammation is gaining increasing attention as a potential predictive biomarker in immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Several well-established blood-based inflammatory markers are commonly...
31 December 2025
Background: Systemic inflammation is an essential factor in the formation of the tumor microenvironment and has an impact on patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although there is a growing interest in biomarkers of inflammation, there i...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated liver fibrosis is likely related to coronary artery disease (CAD) by the mediation of systemic inflammation. This study aimed at evaluating the predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NL...
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. While VEGF-driven vascular permeability is central to its pathogenesis, inflammation plays a complementary and pivotal role in disease progression, morphologica...
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), plate-let-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII) as predictive biomarkers with oncological outcomes for metastatic renal cell ca...
Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved cancer treatment, a substantial proportion of patients do not benefit from these therapies, revealing the crucial need to identify reliable biomarkers. Inflammatory...
Background: Systemic inflammatory markers have emerged as accessible and reproducible tools for oncologic risk stratification, yet their prognostic value in rectal cancer remains incompletely defined, particularly in acute surgical settings. This stu...
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, underscoring the need for accessible and cost-effective biomarkers to support early risk assessment. This retrospective study investigated the prognostic...
Systemic inflammation and activation of haemostasis are common in patients with lung cancer. Both conditions support tumour growth and metastasis. Therefore, inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers might be useful for prediction of survival and thera...
Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). The study evaluates the possible increase and the potential role of acute phase proteins (APPs) and other inflammatory se...
Background/Objectives: Inflammation plays a key role in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), which integrates immune and inflammatory markers, may serve as a valuable prognostic tool. This study aimed to evalu...
Background/Objectives: Identifying reliable biomarkers for healthy aging and longevity is a fundamental challenge in aging research and medical sciences. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a readily measurable indicator of immune balance tha...
Chronic pain is a devastating condition affecting the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic status of the patient. Inflammation and immunometabolism play roles in the pathophysiology of chronic pain disorders. Electrical neuromodulation approach...
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively analyzed 468 hospital admissions from 80 patients to evaluate the prognostic value o...
Background/Objectives: Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-positive individuals face heightened risks of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (GI) complications, often linked to persistent systemic inflammation. Left ventricular...
Background and objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) as inflammation markers and prognostic factors in patients with known interstitial...
Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the leading cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections being the first-line therapy. However, one-third of patients exh...
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line treatment for patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Over half of patients failed to achieve prolonged survival benefits from TKI therapy. Aware...
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial d...
Stunting can afflict up to one-third of children in resource-constrained countries. We hypothesized that low-grade systemic inflammation (defined as elevations in serum C-reactive protein or alpha-1-acid glycoprotein) in infancy suppresses the growth...
Background: Cervical cancer, primarily driven by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, remains a significant global health challenge. Systemic inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte...
Background: Geriatric patients (≥80 years) are underrepresented in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) clinical trials. However, their unique biology may affect their response to ICIs. There are currently no established biomarkers of the response t...
Background/Objectives: Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic with far-reaching impacts on human activities. Moreover, direct viral damage and uncontrolled inflammation have been propo...
(1) Background: Our study aimed to assess the association between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to leukocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), red cell distribution width (RDW), and systemic immune inflammation ind...
Background: The Scottish Inflammatory Prognostic Score (SIPS), combining albumin (≥/<35 g/L) and neutrophil count (≤/>7.5 × 109/L), has been identified as a prognostic biomarker for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) u...
Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) share multisystem derangements, including variations in circulating amino acids and chronic low-grade inflammation. Gut microbiota balances inflammatory responses in several conditions and according to nutri...
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