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1,029 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,362 Views
16 Pages

Passive of CRFS Technology in Soil-Cement Application

  • Antônio Alves de Carvalho,
  • Kelson de Sousa Leite and
  • José Milton Elias de Matos

22 March 2023

In Brazil, with the ban on the production, sale, and use of chrysotile asbestos, the sector’s industry opted to replace asbestos with CRFS Technology—Cement Reinforced with Synthetic Wire (fiber cement); that is, another product to be dis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,726 Views
19 Pages

Flexural Strength of High-Performance Soil-Cement: A New, Alternative, Sustainable Construction Material

  • Bernat Vinolas,
  • Maria del Mar Casanovas-Rubio,
  • Alexandre Christofaro Silva,
  • Juan Pedro Bretas Roa,
  • Alan Cardek Lopes Andrade,
  • Frank A. de Carvalho,
  • Hugo Henrique A. Gonçalves and
  • Helton John A. Rocha

27 October 2023

Soil-cement is a building material that is considered low-cost and has a low environmental impact. Despite its benefits, performance optimisation studies are scarce compared to other materials such as concrete. The possibility of obtaining soil-cemen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
563 Views
14 Pages

26 September 2025

Soil strengthening with hydraulic binders has gained popularity in recent years and provides an alternative to traditional methods, both for foundation reinforcement and for retaining walls. In many cases, columns, walls, or soil-cement mix blocks re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,837 Views
18 Pages

The Role of Additives in Soil-Cement Subjected to Wetting-Drying Cycles

  • Yulian Firmana Arifin,
  • Eka Agustina,
  • Fransius Andhi and
  • Setianto Samingan Agus

This study aimed to explore the use of additives in soil–cement mixtures that have undergone a wetting-drying cycle. In total, two types of soil were used, granitic and lateritic, which are widely used in road base construction in the Katingan area,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
368 Views
24 Pages

Shape Coefficient for Soil-Cement: Experimental Determination from Cylindrical and Cubic Specimens

  • Heriberto Pérez-Acebo,
  • Alaitz Linares-Unamunzaga,
  • Ángel Aragón-Torre and
  • Hernán Gonzalo-Orden

27 November 2025

The compressive strength is the primary parameter used for the design, control, and performance assessment of cementitious materials. However, this value is strongly influenced by specimen geometry, which has led to the introduction of shape coeffici...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,386 Views
16 Pages

12 July 2019

The deterioration of soil-cement in a saline environment leads to a reduction in strength and an increase in permeability. Effective methods of determining the deteriorated layer permeability coefficient of soil-cement are currently lacking. A labora...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,446 Views
22 Pages

28 February 2023

In coastal areas, structures such as cement-soil dams are often eroded by seawater, so it is significant to study how to improve the impermeability of cement-soil. Basalt fiber with a strong tensile property, good stability and a high-performance pri...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
2,472 Views
13 Pages

The Effects of Fiber Inclusion on the Evolution of Desiccation Cracking in Soil-Cement

  • Yaxing Xu,
  • Xin Yao,
  • Yan Zhuang,
  • Wei Duan,
  • Xidong Zhang,
  • Shunlei Hu and
  • Xiaoqiang Dong

31 August 2021

Desiccation cracking frequently occurs in mud, clay, and pavement. Understanding the evolution of desiccation cracking may facilitate the development of techniques to mitigate cracking and even prevent it from developing altogether. In this study, ex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,770 Views
16 Pages

Flexural Strength Prediction Models for Soil–Cement from Unconfined Compressive Strength at Seven Days

  • Alaitz Linares-Unamunzaga,
  • Heriberto Pérez-Acebo,
  • Marta Rojo and
  • Hernán Gonzalo-Orden

26 January 2019

Soil–cement is an environmentally friendly road construction technique for base and subbase materials, which allows employing soils placed in the right-of-way of the road or in the surroundings, by improving its engineering properties. With thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
4,367 Views
12 Pages

Compressive Strength Assessment of Soil–Cement Blocks Incorporated with Waste Tire Steel Fiber

  • Joaquin Humberto Aquino Rocha,
  • Fernando Palacios Galarza,
  • Nahúm Gamalier Cayo Chileno,
  • Marialaura Herrera Rosas,
  • Sheyla Perez Peñaranda,
  • Luis Ledezma Diaz and
  • Rodrigo Pari Abasto

26 February 2022

The rapid growth in waste tire disposal has become a severe environmental concern in recent decades. Recycling rubber and steel fibers from wasted tires as construction materials helps counteract this imminent environmental crisis, mainly improving t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,764 Views
11 Pages

Prediction of Elastic Modulus for Fibre-Reinforced Soil-Cement Mixtures: A Machine Learning Approach

  • Dominic Owusu-Ansah,
  • Joaquim Tinoco,
  • António A. S. Correia and
  • Paulo J. Venda Oliveira

26 August 2022

Soil-cement mixtures reinforced with fibres are an alternative method of chemical soil stabilisation in which the inherent disadvantage of low or no tensile or flexural strength is overcome by incorporating fibres. These mixtures require a significan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,876 Views
16 Pages

Soft soil foundations in marine environments are under coupling actions of seawater erosion and dry–wet cycles due to tides. Ferronickel slag is a solid waste produced in the smelting of ferronickel alloys. To recycle industrial solid waste and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,933 Views
14 Pages

Evaluation of the Technological Properties of Soil–Cement Bricks with Incorporation of Coconut Fiber Powder

  • Gabriela Machado Guimarães Ferreira,
  • Daiane Cecchin,
  • Izabella Christynne Ribeiro Pinto Valadão,
  • Tulane Rodrigues da Silva,
  • Dirlane de Fátima do Carmo,
  • Cristina Moll Hüther,
  • Flávio Ferreira and
  • Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo

1 July 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of soil by different percentages of coconut fiber powder in the manufacture of soil–cement bricks. The reference mix ratio of 10:1 (soil:cement) in volume was used for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,956 Views
13 Pages

27 December 2022

The Helix-Stiffened Cement Mixing (HSCM) pile is a composite pile constructed by grouting the soil–cement during the installation of the helical pile. A series of 3-D Finite Element Method (FEM) models were developed to investigate the upliftin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,304 Views
16 Pages

Stabilization Effects of Inclined Soil–Cement Continuous Mixing Walls for Existing Warm Frozen Soil Embankments

  • Gaochen Sun,
  • Long Li,
  • Yufan Huo,
  • Zonghui Fang,
  • Gao Lv,
  • Tao Chen,
  • Zhengzhong Wang,
  • Meimei Song,
  • Guanqi Lan and
  • Ziqiang Tang

Affected by climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances, the thermo-mechanical stability of warm and ice-rich frozen ground along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) is continuously decreasing, and melting subsidence damage to existing warm froz...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,173 Views
21 Pages

Sustainable Use of Gypsum Waste for Applications in Soil–Cement Bricks: Mechanical, Environmental, and Durability Performance

  • Elvia Soraya Santos Nascimento,
  • Herbet Alves de Oliveira,
  • Cochiran Pereira dos Santos,
  • Maria de Andrade Gomes,
  • Mário Ernesto Giroldo Valerio and
  • Zélia Soares Macedo

This study investigates the use of gypsum waste from civil construction as a partial substitute for cement in soil–cement formulations, aiming to produce eco-friendly bricks aligned with circular economy principles. Formulations were prepared u...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,927 Views
18 Pages

4 September 2020

The paper deals with mechanical properties of soil-cement composites made with non-cohesive soil and reinforced with dispersed fibers. The research was carried out on the basis of three soil-cement matrices whose compositions varied in terms of the v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,782 Views
16 Pages

Mechanical Properties and Micro Mechanism of Nano-Clay-Modified Soil Cement Reinforced by Recycled Sand

  • Biao Qian,
  • Wenjie Yu,
  • Beifeng Lv,
  • Haibo Kang,
  • Longxin Shu,
  • Na Li and
  • Wei Wang

12 July 2021

To observe the effect of recycled sand and nano-clay on the improvement of the early strength of soil-cement (7d), 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% recycled sand were added. While maintaining a fixed moisture content of 30%, the ratios of each material are speci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,843 Views
24 Pages

30 May 2024

The prediction of the ultimate bearing capacity (UBC) of composite foundations represents a critical application of test monitoring data within the field of intelligent geotechnical engineering. This paper introduces an effective combinational predic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,022 Views
23 Pages

Study on Load-Bearing Characteristics and Engineering Applications for Cement–Soil Pipe Pile

  • Chong Zhou,
  • Xiangzhuo Zheng,
  • Sifeng Zhang,
  • Chao Li,
  • Yaohui Yang and
  • Jianyong Han

The cement–soil pipe pile is a novel blend of cement and soil, designed to enhance load-bearing capabilities while cutting down on the need for cement. Its tubular construction is key to its strength. To delve into how the pile’s cross-se...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,002 Views
19 Pages

Effect of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Strips on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Treated Lateritic Sandy Soil

  • Maitê Rocha Silveira,
  • Paulo César Lodi,
  • Natália de Souza Correia,
  • Roger Augusto Rodrigues and
  • Heraldo Luiz Giacheti

24 November 2020

The civil engineering construction industry is nowadays one of the largest consumers of natural resources. Therefore, the proposal of using alternative materials that seek to reduce waste production or the use of previously generated waste is becomin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,452 Views
21 Pages

28 October 2024

Bilateral helix-stiffened cement mixing piles (BHCMPs) are a new type of robust composite pile. In this paper, the influence of design parameters, such as the diameter of inner helix plates and the number and size of outer mixing helix plates, on the...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,577 Views
16 Pages

Soil-Cement Mixtures Reinforced with Fibers: A Data-Driven Approach for Mechanical Properties Prediction

  • Joaquim Tinoco,
  • António Alberto S. Correia and
  • Paulo J. Venda Oliveira

31 August 2021

The reinforcement of stabilized soils with fibers arises as an interesting technique to overcome the two main limitations of the stabilized soils: the weak tensile/flexural strength and the higher brittleness of the behavior. These types of mixtures...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,153 Views
19 Pages

A pressure-grouted helical pile (PGHP) is a stiffened helical pile installed by using the simultaneous drilling and grouting technique. The formation of the soil-cement column surrounded by the helical pile is influenced by the multiple installation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,829 Views
15 Pages

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Diatomite-Modified Coastal Cement Soil

  • Jiyuan Fang,
  • Yunfeng Wang,
  • Kefa Wang,
  • Wenhao Dai,
  • Yanfei Yu and
  • Cuihong Li

7 November 2022

Diatomite is a non-metallic mineral resource rich in SiO2, which can be used to modify coastal cement soil. In order to explore the mechanical modification effect of diatomite on coastal cement soil at the age of 7 days, based on coastal cement soil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
5,788 Views
20 Pages

Stabilized High Clay Content Lateritic Soil Using Cement-FGD Gypsum Mixtures for Road Subbase Applications

  • Phattharachai Maichin,
  • Peerapong Jitsangiam,
  • Toon Nongnuang,
  • Kornkanok Boonserm,
  • Korakod Nusit,
  • Suriyavut Pra-ai,
  • Theechalit Binaree and
  • Chuchoke Aryupong

8 April 2021

With a lack of standard lateritic soil for use in road construction, suitable economical and sustainable soil-stabilization techniques are in demand. This study aimed to examine flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a by-product of coal power plants...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,614 Views
11 Pages

Incorporation of Liquid WTP Sludge into Compacted Soil–Cement Mixtures

  • Julio Marcos Gomes Ribeiro,
  • Carlos Emmanuel Ribeiro Lautenschlager,
  • Matheus Ferreira Alves Santos,
  • Simone do Rocio Ferraz Sabino,
  • Luiz Gustavo de Miranda Vieira,
  • Giovanna Gonçalves and
  • Juliana Martins Teixeira de Abreu Pietrobelli

9 July 2024

The sludge from water treatment plants (WTP) is a waste from the water process. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating water treatment plant (WTP) sludge, replacing the water used in compacted soil–cement mixtures. The materials were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,857 Views
19 Pages

Uniaxial Testing of Soil–Cement Composites to Obtain Correlations to Be Used in Numerical Modeling

  • Małgorzata Jończyk-Szostek,
  • Piotr Kanty,
  • Jarosław Rybak,
  • Jakub Saloni and
  • Karolina Trybocka

13 September 2023

This paper presents the results of laboratory testing of samples obtained from soil–cement composite columns produced on a real-world test site as part of a research and development project. The introduction presents the motivation of the resea...

  • Comment
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,939 Views
5 Pages

2 January 2020

The derivation of a formula to compute the permeability coefficient in the commented paper assumes that the mass flow is homogeneous in a homogeneous layer of a specimen. This assumption is not correct when there is also, at least, one heterogeneous...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,872 Views
17 Pages

Effect of Ultrafine Cement (UFC) on the Corrosion Resistance of Cement Soil in Peat Soil Environment

  • Yongfa Guo,
  • Jing Cao,
  • Huafeng Sun,
  • Wenyun Ding,
  • Guofeng Hua,
  • Wei Wei and
  • Siyang Huang

8 August 2023

Many peat soils are distributed around plateau lakes, and the reinforcement of peat soils with high organic matter content by ordinary cement cannot meet the actual engineering requirements. In order to obtain better mechanical properties and durabil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,680 Views
13 Pages

Technological Characterization of PET—Polyethylene Terephthalate—Added Soil-Cement Bricks

  • Tulane Rodrigues da Silva,
  • Daiane Cecchin,
  • Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo,
  • Izabella Valadão,
  • Jonas Alexandre,
  • Flavio Castro da Silva,
  • Markssuel Teixeira Marvila,
  • Murali Gunasekaran,
  • Fabio Garcia Filho and
  • Sergio Neves Monteiro

3 September 2021

The ever-growing consumption and improper disposal of non-biodegradable plastic wastes is bringing worrisome perspectives on the lack of suitable environmentally correct solutions. Consequently, an increasing interest in the circular economy and sust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
990 Views
15 Pages

Development and Validation of High-Performance Soil-Cement Panels: A Sustainable and Economical Alternative for Civil Construction

  • Bernat Vinolas Prat,
  • Demisson Renato Ferreira,
  • Luis Guilherme Monteiro Oliveira,
  • João Vinícios Wirbitzki da Silveira,
  • Frank Alisson De Carvalho,
  • Marcus Vinícius Felix,
  • Ellem Eva Augusto Rocha,
  • José Domingos Fabris and
  • Alexandre Christófaro Silva

Despite its advantages, conventional soil-cement has limitations in terms of mechanical strength and durability, especially in environments with high humidity or high structural demands. The development of high-performance soil-cement (HPSC) presents...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,167 Views
21 Pages

The Effect of Ionic Soil Stabilizer on Cement and Cement-Stabilized Iron Tailings Soil: Hydration Difference and Mechanical Properties

  • Hongtu Li,
  • Jian Jia,
  • Xiaolei Lu,
  • Xin Cheng,
  • Jiang Zhu,
  • Lina Zhang,
  • Peipei Guo and
  • Gongning Zhai

25 March 2025

The ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) can synergistically enhance the mechanical properties and improve the engineering characteristics of iron tailings soil in conjunction with cementitious materials such as cement. In this paper, the influence of ISS on...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,893 Views
16 Pages

Influence of Peat Soil Environment on Mechanical Properties of Cement-Soil and Its Mechanism

  • Yunfei Song,
  • Jing Cao,
  • Wenyun Ding,
  • Zhigang Song,
  • Hong Liu,
  • Siyang Huang and
  • Weiming Zhu

3 March 2023

The influence of peat soil environment (PSE) on the mechanical properties of cement-soil in the area around Dianchi Lake and Erhai Lake in Yunnan Province has attracted much attention. This study explores the change law of cement-soil UCS in the PSE,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,979 Views
16 Pages

Is the Soil-Cement Brick an Ecological Brick? An Analysis of the Life Cycle Environmental and Energy Performance of Masonry Walls

  • Adriano Souza Leão,
  • Monique Cerqueira Araujo,
  • Thiago Barbosa de Jesus and
  • Edna dos Santos Almeida

6 October 2022

Masonry wall is a key construction subsystem, but it embodies significant environmental and energy burdens within the life cycle of buildings. Soil-cement bricks and blocks stand as an alternative low-cost masonry material, but despite the widespread...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
8,207 Views
10 Pages

Grouting technology is widely applied in the fields of geotechnical engineering in infrastructure. Loose sand and sandy soil are common poor soils in tunnel and foundation treatments. It is necessary to use superfine cement slurry grouting in the mic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,583 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Ultra-Fine Cement on the Strength and Microstructure of Humic Acid Containing Cemented Soil

  • Jing Cao,
  • Fangyi Liu,
  • Zhigang Song,
  • Wenyun Ding,
  • Yongfa Guo,
  • Jianyun Li and
  • Guoshou Liu

29 March 2023

The peat soil in the Dianchi Lake area of Yunnan, China, is widely distributed, bringing many problems to engineering. The peat soil foundation is usually treated by the cement mixing method, and the reinforcement effect of cemented soil is mainly af...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,768 Views
16 Pages

This research investigates the mechanical properties of soil-cement specimens ranging from ultrasmall to large values of shear strain at dynamic loading. The nonlinear behavior of soil cement exposed to dynamic loading in a wide range of changing she...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,000 Views
18 Pages

Experimental Study on the Corrosion of Fulvic Acid to Cement-Soil and Its Microstructures in the Peat Soil Environment

  • Jing Cao,
  • Shuyu Lei,
  • Wenlian Liu,
  • Yunfei Song,
  • Sugang Sui,
  • Hanhua Xu,
  • Yongfa Guo and
  • Wenyun Ding

3 August 2023

In underground engineering, cement-soil reinforcement beneath a peat soil environment is a significant challenge. To investigate the corrosiveness of fulvic acid on cement-soil and its micro and fine structure changes under the peat soil environment...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,106 Views
18 Pages

New Procedure for Compacting Prismatic Specimens of Cement-Treated Base Materials

  • Alaitz Linares-Unamunzaga,
  • Hernán Gonzalo-Orden,
  • Jesús Díaz Minguela and
  • Heriberto Pérez-Acebo

13 June 2018

Understanding the long-term behaviour of cement-treated base materials is a key factor to improve its design and obtain environmentally friendly pavement base materials. Their characterization requires manufacturing prismatic specimens. However, vari...

  • Article
  • Open Access
87 Citations
10,246 Views
23 Pages

Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil

  • Norshakila Abdul Wahab,
  • Mohammad Jawed Roshan,
  • Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid,
  • Muhammad Azril Hezmi,
  • Siti Norafida Jusoh,
  • Nik Daud Nik Norsyahariati and
  • Sakina Tamassoki

5 June 2021

The transportation infrastructure, including low-volume roads in some regions, needs to be constructed on weak ground, implying the necessity of soil stabilization. Untreated and cement-treated lateritic soil for low-volume road suitability were stud...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,247 Views
20 Pages

Effects of Lithium Slag on the Frost Resistance of Cement-Soil

  • Zhi Chen,
  • Sili Chen,
  • Liwen Liu and
  • Yuwan Zhou

11 August 2022

In this study, the effect of lithium slag (LS) on the frost resistance of cement-soil was evaluated. The results of freeze–thaw damage on the surface of the cement-soil, freeze–thaw mass loss, unconfined compression strength, triaxial she...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
4,582 Views
15 Pages

Splitting Tensile Strength of Cement Soil Reinforced with Basalt Fibers

  • Shengnian Wang,
  • Fangyuan Chen,
  • Qinpei Xue and
  • Peng Zhang

12 July 2020

Due to low splitting tensile strength, cement soil is more likely to experience dry shrinkage and cracking in practical engineering. In this study, the mixing procedure of the cement soil reinforced with basalt fibers was investigated; the influences...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,680 Views
11 Pages

9 February 2025

Land use change is associated with both higher fossil fuel usage and global cement production, significantly impacting environmental sustainability. Cement dust emission is the third-largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, right behind fossil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,798 Views
20 Pages

Interface Shear Strength Behavior of Cement-Treated Soil under Consolidated Drained Conditions

  • Thanh Tu Nguyen,
  • Minh Duc Nguyen,
  • Tong Nguyen and
  • Thanh Chien Phan

This paper presents a series of laboratory tests to determine the shear strength and interface shear strength of cement-treated silty soil under consolidated and drained conditions. The test variables include the effective normal stress, cement conte...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,761 Views
14 Pages

The Fabrication of Portland Composite Cement Based on Pozzolan Napa Soil

  • Mawardi Mawardi,
  • Illyas Md Isa,
  • Alizar Ulianas,
  • Edtri Sintiara,
  • Fadhlurrahman Mawardi and
  • Rizky Zalmi Putra

29 June 2021

The objective of this study is to investigate Napa soil’s potential as an alternative additive in producing Portland composite cement. The Napa soil of Tanah Datar district, West Sumatra, Indonesia is a natural material which contains SiO2 and Al2O3...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,113 Views
14 Pages

Performance of Ferronickel Slag Powder Soil Cement under Freshwater Curing Conditions

  • Lin Liu,
  • Sanshan Chen,
  • Feng Chen,
  • Liang He and
  • Weizhen Chen

Ferronickel slag is the solid waste slag produced by smelting nickel–iron alloy. After grinding ferronickel slag into powder, it has potential chemical activity. It can partially replace cement and reduce the amount of cement, and is conducive...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
3,782 Views
18 Pages

Compression Characteristics and Microscopic Mechanism of Coastal Soil Modified with Cement and Fly Ash

  • Na Li,
  • Qianying Zhu,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Fei Song,
  • Dongliang An and
  • Haoran Yan

28 September 2019

It is of great significance to study the consolidation characteristics of modified coastal cement-soil. A one-dimensional consolidation test and microscopic test were carried out. In the tests, the cement content was 20%, fly ash content was 0%, 5%,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,189 Views
16 Pages

1 September 2025

In geotechnical engineering, when the natural soil fails to meet the requirements of engineering projects, the soil is often treated by means of compaction and chemical stabilization. China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of cement...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,720 Views
19 Pages

Preparation and Application of Nano-Calcined Excavation Soil as Substitute for Cement

  • Li Ling,
  • Jindong Yang,
  • Wanqiong Yao,
  • Feng Xing,
  • Hongfang Sun and
  • Yali Li

Rapid urbanization in many cities has produced massive amounts of problematic excavation soil. The direct disposal of untreated excavation soil often leads to significant land use and severe environmental concerns. A sustainable solution is to transf...

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