Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology have excellent timing resolution and are capable to detect single photons. The most important indicator for its sensitivity, photon-detection probabil...
Photon-number-resolving detectors are in high demand for applications in photonic quantum technology. In this study, we demonstrate the photon-number-resolving capabilities of our self-developed, highly efficient InGaAs/InAlAs single-photon avalanche...
The current state of the art of single-photon detectors operating in the mid-infrared wavelength range is reported in this review. These devices are essential for a wide range of applications, such as mid-infrared quantum communications, sensing, and...
In order to achieve non-cooperative target tracking and ranging in conditions of a weak echo signal, this paper presents a real-time acquisition, pointing, tracking (APT), and ranging (APTR) lidar system based on single photon detection. With this sy...
We present the first reported use of a CMOS-compatible single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array for the detection of high-energy charged particles, specifically pions, using the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclea...
The detection of a single photon is the most sensitive method for sensing of photon emission. A common technique for single photon detection uses microchannel plate arrays combined with photocathodes and position sensitive anodes. Here, we report on...
The integration of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) in CMOS Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator (FD-SOI) technology under a buried oxide (BOX) layer and a silicon film containing transistors makes it possible to realize a 3D SPAD at the chip le...
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are pixelated single-photon detectors combining high sensitivity, good time resolution and high dynamic range. They are emerging in many fields, such as time-domain diffuse optics (TD-DO). This is a promising technique...
Per-pixel time-to-digital converter (TDC) architectures have been exploited by single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) sensors to achieve high photon throughput, but at the expense of fill factor, pixel pitch and readout efficiency. In contrast, TDC sha...
We propose a scheme for detecting single microwave photons using dipole-induced transparency (DIT) in an optical cavity resonantly coupled to a spin-selective transition of a negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) defect in diamond crystal l...
We investigate theoretically the use of an electron in a Penning trap as a detector of single microwave photons. At the University of Sussex we are developing a chip Penning trap technology, designed to be integrated within quantum circuits. Microwav...
Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have become a mature technology for single-photon detection with excellent performance [...]
A photonic microwave frequency measurement system with single-branch detection based on polarization interference is proposed. In this scheme, a 15-line non-flat optical frequency comb (OFC) based on sawtooth signal modulation via a Mach–Zehnde...
A single-photon detection system based on InGaAs SPADs is a high-precision optical measurement system capable of detecting quantum-level optical signals. However, the afterpulsing effect when using InGaAs SPADs severely limits their practical utility...
This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unle...
To enhance the detection capability of weak targets and reduce the dependence of single-photon lidar target detection on the number of the time-correlated single-photon counting detection cycles, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the poin...
Electron-bombarded pixel image sensors, where a single photoelectron is accelerated directly into a CCD or CMOS sensor, allow wide-field imaging at extremely low light levels as they are sensitive enough to detect single photons. This technology allo...
InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used in applications such as quantum information, deep-space communication, and LiDAR. However, the existence of afterpulsing effects leads to inaccuracies in the calibration of their perfo...
Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) is a single-photon-detection device characterized by high sensitivity and fast response, which enables it to detect echo signals of distant targets effectively. Given that weak and small targets possess relat...
Single photon detection is one of the most challenging goals of photonics. In recent years, the study of ultra-fast and/or low-intensity phenomena has received renewed attention from the academic and industrial communities. Intense research activity...
Autonomous vehicle perception systems typically rely on single-wavelength lidar sensors to obtain three-dimensional information about the road environment. In contrast to cameras, lidars are unaffected by challenging illumination conditions, such as...
During high-speed maneuvers, aircraft experience rapid distance changes, necessitating high-frame-rate ranging for accurate characterization. However, existing optical ranging technologies often lack simplicity, affordability, and sufficient frame ra...
This paper proposes a perimeter detection scheme based on the quantum physical properties of photons. Existing perimeter intrusion detection schemes, if using light, rely on the classical properties of light only. Our quantum sensor network uses the...
Single-photon detection and timing has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their necessity in the field of quantum sensing and the advantages of single-quanta detection in the field of low-level light imaging. While simple bucket det...
With the growing importance of single-photon-counting (SPC) techniques, researchers are now designing high-performance systems based on single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). SPADs with high performances and low cost allow the popularity of SPC-base...
Time-gating of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) was commonly used as a method to reduce dark noise in biomedical imaging applications where photon events are correlated with a reference clock. Time-gating was also used to obtain timing informat...
A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with enhanced near-infrared (NIR) sensitivity has been developed, based on 0.18 μm CMOS technology, for use in future automotive light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems. The newly proposed SPAD operating in...
Electro-optical sampling of Terahertz fields with ultrashort pulsed probes is a well-established approach for directly measuring the electric field of THz radiation. This technique usually relies on balanced detection to record the optical phase shif...
The timing jitter of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) plays a critical role in the design and optimization of front-end circuits. This paper proposes a simplified timing jitter model based on Verilog-A. This model uses random numbers to determi...
Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) in Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology are potential candidates for future “Light Detection and Ranging” (Lidar) space systems. Among the SPAD performance parameters, the Photon Detection Pr...
Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) systems based on silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) offer several advantages, like the fabrication of system-on-chips with a co-integrated detector and dedicated electronics, as well as low cost and high...
Free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) typically operate in the active-quenching mode, facing the problems of long dead time and large timing jitter. In this paper, we demonstrate a 1-GHz gated InGaAs/InP SPAD with the si...
Single-molecule fluorescence detection (SMFD) experiments are useful in distinguishing sub-populations of molecular species when measuring heterogeneous samples. One experimental platform for SMFD is based on a confocal microscope, where molecules ra...
Time-of-Flight (TOF) based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a widespread technique for distance measurements in both single-spot depth ranging and 3D mapping. Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detectors provide single-photon sensitivity and...
Background: The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is on the rise, surpassing that of pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan. Current standard therapy for NTM infection involves long-term treatment of at least 1.5 years, with low succ...
In the description of quantum key distribution systems, much attention is paid to the operation of quantum cryptography protocols. The main problem is the insufficient study of the synchronization process of quantum key distribution systems. This pap...
We present our third prototype sensor and a localization method for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), for which small imaging LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and fusion-based localization are fundamentally important. Our small imaging LIDAR, name...
We present a SPAD-based LiDAR sensor fabricated in an automotive certified 0.35 µm CMOS process. Since reliable sensor operation in high ambient light environment is a crucial factor in automotive applications, four SPADs are implemented in each pixe...
The two-way laser time transfer technology, based on single-photon detection, is among the techniques requiring the least weight and power consumption for ultra-long-distance clock synchronization. It holds promise as the most viable technology for h...
The relation between signal and background noise strengths in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based pulsed time-of-flight 3-D range imaging is analyzed on the assumption that the SPAD detector is operating in the single photon detection mode. Se...
An ultrafast Active Quenching—Active Reset (AQAR) circuit is presented for the afterpulsing reduction in a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD). The proposed circuit is designed in a 28 nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS technology....
Plasmonic-enhanced luminescence of single molecules enables imaging and detection of low quantities of fluorophores, down to individual molecules. In this work, we present two-photon excited luminescence of single gold nanoclusters, Au18(SG)14, in cl...
We present a Montecarlo simulator developed in Matlab® for the analysis of a Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD)-based Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) flash Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system. The simulation environment ha...
Bi-phasic (with a local minimum) response of fluorescence to scattering when probed by a single fiber (SF) was first observed in 2003. Subsequent experiments and Monte Carlo studies have shown the bi-phasic turning of SF fluorescence to occur at a di...
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a widespread technique for 3D ranging and has widespread use in most automated systems that must interact with the external environment, for instance in industrial and security applications. In this work, we stu...
Laser time transfer is of great significance in timing and global time synchronization. However, the temperature drift may occur and affect the delay of the electronics system, optic generation and detection system. This paper proposes a post-process...
Time of flight is promising technology in machine vision and sensing, with an emerging need for low power consumption, a high image resolution, and reliable operation in high ambient light conditions. Therefore, we propose a novel direct time-of-flig...
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a 3D imaging technique, widely used in many applications such as augmented reality, automotive, machine vision, spacecraft navigation and landing. Achieving long-ranges and high-speed, most of all in outdoor app...
There are a huge number, and abundant types, of microalgae in the ocean; and most of them have various values in many fields, such as food, medicine, energy, feed, etc. Therefore, how to identify and separation of microalgae cells quickly and effecti...
In this paper, we present a new logarithmic pixel design currently under development at New Imaging Technologies SA (NIT). This new logarithmic pixel design uses charge domain logarithmic signal compression and charge-transfer-based signal readout. T...
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