A turbo roundabout uses spiral circulatory roads for effectively counteracting the problems faced in modern multilane roundabouts. First developed in 1996, the turbo roundabout has an advantage over the conventional roundabout regarding capacity and...
Railways are facing a serious problem of road vehicle–train collisions at unmanned railway level crossings. The purpose of the study is the development of a safe stopping sight distance and sight distance from road to rail track model with appropriat...
Sight distance is an important indicator to ensure the safety of drivers, and is also an indispensable evaluation basis in highway safety engineering. In mountainous highways, high slopes and small radius often lead to poor visibility and traffic acc...
This paper presents a reliability-based method for the design of intersection sight distance (ISD) at traffic roundabouts using the linear and nonlinear deceleration profiles of the entry vehicles. The reliability method is based on the first-order s...
Given the rapid construction of freeways in developing countries such as China, land use is constantly under strict constraints, leading to challenges in adopting conventional layouts for interchanges. Implementing right-turn ramps on the left (RTRL)...
The available sight distance (ASD) is that part of the roadway ahead which is visible to the driver, and should be of sufficient length to allow a vehicle traveling at the designated speed to stop before reaching a stationary object in its path. It i...
The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on roadways will result in a mixed vehicle environment consisting of these vehicles and manual vehicles (MVs). This vehicular environment will impact intersection sight distances (ISDs) due to differences...
Passing sight distance (PSD) is a vital design element that directly imposes economic, as well as safety and operational, considerations. The provision of PSD is highly prioritized, at least for rural road sections without additional passing lanes. T...
This paper proposes an automated framework that utilizes Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point cloud data to map and detect road obstacles that impact drivers’ field of view at urban intersections. The framework facilitates the simulation of a dr...
The decision sight distance (DSD) at freeway exits is a major factor affecting traffic safety. Based on the Hechizhai Interchange in Xi’an City (Shaanxi Province, China), this paper designs a simulation experiment. Through a simulator study and a que...
Existing roads require periodic evaluation in order to ensure safe transportation. Estimations of the available sight distance (ASD) are fundamental to make sure motorists have sufficient visibility to perform basic driving tasks. Mobile LiDAR System...
Intersection sight distance (ISD) requirements, currently designed for driver-operated vehicles (DVs), will be affected once automated vehicles (AVs) enter the driving environment. This paper examines the ISD for intersections with a yield control on...
Intersections represent critical crash locations on road networks necessitating targeted safety interventions. This study employs a random parameters ordered logit (RPOL) model with heterogeneity in means to analyze injury severity contributing facto...
Determining the distance of the line-of-sight (LOS) of a small drone is essential in both regulating drone operation and drone operator training considering public safety. A field experiment was conducted to determine the LOS distance and visual angl...
In this study, we conducted flight tests to establish a clear standard for the visual line-of-sight (VLOS) distance of drones using machine learning models, as outlined in the Aviation Safety Act. Various machine learning models were applied and comp...
The safe and efficient operation of highways largely depends on the adequate provision of sight distance. Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be utilized to efficiently complete data acquisition very soon after identifying an issue when searchi...
Critical distance concerns precise digital levelling, which has inaccurate results at a certain sighting distance. The influence of critical distance on a measured height difference has been confirmed by calibrating certain digital levels and their a...
To address the challenges in detecting surface damage on general aviation aircraft skin—such as feature degradation under varying imaging distances, significant target scale variations, and low recognition accuracy—this paper proposes GAD...
Although truck platooning enhances transportation efficiency, reduces fuel consumption, and lowers freight transport costs, it can also create limited overtaking opportunities, potentially leading to risky overtaking maneuvers. The present study exam...
The wide use of cooperative missions using multiple unmanned platforms has made relative distance information an essential factor for cooperative positioning and formation control. Reducing the range error effectively in real time has become the main...
Complex road environments threaten the safe operation of automated vehicles. Among these, adverse weather conditions and road geometries have particularly significant impacts. This study investigates LiDAR-based automated vehicles (LAVs) driving safe...
Overall visibility plays a key role in the safety of pedestrians. Despite its importance, verifying the right provisioning of sufficient available sight distances among pedestrians and vulnerable road users (VRUs) is not a prevalent practice. On top...
During a vertical vortex-induced vibration (VVIV), an undulating bridge deck will affect drivers’ sightlines, causing the phenomenon of drifting and changes in the far blind area, thus presenting a potential threat to driving safety. Consequent...
This paper proposes a novel path-following method for autonomous ships that optimizes overall performance by balancing course changes and convergence to the original route. The proposed method extends the line-of-sight (LOS) guidance law by dynamical...
Road safety is key to sustainable mobility. Rapid technological advances have allowed several road safety-related analyses, previously performed in situ, to be conducted virtually. These virtual analyses benefit understanding of how roads operate and...
The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the crest vertical curves radii Rv, not considering a conventional value of the opposing vehicle height h2, but the average vehicle heights h2(m) and the value of the 15th percentile of the height distr...
The formulation of the current geometric design standard for freeways considers the influence of the “human-vehicles-road-environment” system. In the fully autonomous environment, the driver has been liberated from the system, which means...
To mitigate the degradation of positioning accuracy in sixth-generation mobile communication systems under dynamic line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, this paper proposes an improved adaptive Kalman filter positioning method...
The sensitivity analysis of line-of-sight estimation to measurement errors in the L-shaped antenna array contributes to the deeper understanding of how the measurement errors affect a 3D localization system aimed to be used in the next generation of...
Accurate localization technology is essential for providing location-based services. Global positioning system (GPS) is a typical localization technology that has been used in various fields. However, various indoor localization techniques are requir...
Underground mining increasingly relies on wireless communications for its operations. The move to automating many underground mining processes makes an understanding of the propagation characteristics of key wireless technologies underground a topic...
Millimeter-wave SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging is widely studied as a common means of RF (Radio Frequency) imaging, but there are problems of the ghost image in Sparsely-Sampled cases and the projection of multiple targets at different distan...
According to The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, ships can only determine their collision avoidance responsibilities in accordance with the rules of “Conduct of Vessels in Sight of One Another” if the dyn...
One of the key parameters in radio link planning is the propagation path loss. Most of the existing methods for its prediction are not characterized by a good balance between accuracy, generality, and low computational complexity. To address this pro...
During signal transitions at road sections and intersections, pedestrians and vehicles often clash and cause traffic accidents due to unclear right-of-way. To solve this problem, a vehicle safety braking distance model considering human–vehicle...
In this analysis, Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System relevant scenarios are created to investigate the need to differentiate Vehicle-to-X transmission technologies on behalf of accident analysis. For each scenario, the distances between th...
In recent decades, missile guidance and control have advanced significantly, with methods like pure pursuit (PP), command to line-of-sight (CLOS), and proportional navigation (PN) enabling accurate target interception in uncertain environments throug...
Indoor location systems based on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology have become very popular in recent years following the introduction of a number of low-cost devices on the market capable of providing accurate distance measurements. Although promising...
WiFi-based indoor positioning methods have attracted extensive attention due to the wide installation of WiFi access points (APs). Recently, the WiFi standard was modified and introduced into a new two-way approach based on round trip time (RTT) meas...
Background/Objectives: Presbyopia, a common age-related refractive error, affects over a billion people globally and significantly impacts daily life. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 288 eyes of 144 patients undergoing LBV PRESBYOND® t...
Vehicle -to-vehicle (V2V) communications are crucial for enhancing road network safety and efficiency. With the increasing demand for bandwidth in V2V services, exploring innovative solutions has become imperative. This study explores a comparative a...
In order to achieve high-precision path following of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) in the horizontal plane, a three degrees-of-freedom adaptive line-of-sight based proportional (3DOFAPLOS) guidance law is proposed. Firstly, the path point coord...
This work addresses the problem of target localization in adverse non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments by using received signal strength (RSS) and time of arrival (TOA) measurements. It is inspired by a recently published work in which authors discu...
In this paper, an optimization algorithm is presented based on a distance and angle probability model for indoor non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. By utilizing the sampling information, a distance and angle probability model is proposed so as to...
As a classic positioning algorithm with a simple principle and low computational complexity, the trilateration positioning algorithm utilizes the coordinates of three anchor nodes to determine the position of an unknown node, which is widely applied...
The visual qualities of the urban environment influence people’s perception and reaction to their surroundings; hence the visual quality of the urban environment affects people’s mental states and can have detrimental societal effects. Th...
Due to increasing human activities underwater, there is a growing demand for high-speed underwater optical communication (UOWC) data links for security surveillance, environmental monitoring, pipeline inspection, and other applications. Line-of-sight...
This correspondence proposes an optimal cooperative guidance law for protecting a target from a guided missile. The linearized three-body kinematics using the line-of-sight (LOS) triangle concept is formulated, and a new concept called error distance...
UWB is a rapidly developing technology characterised by high positioning accuracy, additional data transferability, and communication security. Low costs and energy demand makes it a system that meets the requirements of smart cities (e.g., smart mob...
In this paper, a novel 3D gaze estimation method for a wearable gaze tracking device is proposed. This method is based on the pupillary accommodation reflex of human vision. Firstly, a 3D gaze measurement model is built. By uniting the line-of-sight...
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