Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a group of conditions characterized by anatomical, histological, and/or functional abnormalities that affect the muscular and/or articular components of the temporomandibular joint. Prolotherap...
Background: Chronic low back pain markedly impairs quality of life and imposes a significant economic burden on public health. The complex pathophysiology of chronic low back pain arises from the complex anatomical configuration of the lumbar region,...
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy, ozone therapy, and home exercise programs in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Seventy-five patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into three groups, with 25 in each gro...
Background: Deep gluteal syndrome (DGS) is an underdiagnosed cause of sciatica-like pain, involving the entrapment of the sciatic nerve by various structures within the subgluteal space. While cases of ossification or calcification in the context of...
Ultrasound-guided hydrodissection and dextrose prolotherapy have evolved into anatomically explicit but mechanistically distinct strategies for musculoskeletal pain. This State-of-the-Art narrative review aimed to synthesize major recent clinical and...
Introduction: Plantar fasciosis is a common degenerative condition characterized by structural alterations of the plantar aponeurosis, including increased thickness and loss of its normal fibrillar pattern. Ultrasound imaging is widely used to assess...
Background and Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) represents a major cause of disability worldwide, with a significant impact on quality of life and functional capacity. Standard physiotherapy is widely used for LBP, whereas comparative short-term evide...
Background: Prolotherapy (proliferative therapy) is a nonsurgical regenerative injection technique that introduces small amounts of hyperosmolar dextrose to the site of painful or degenerated tendons or their insertions. Under ultrasound guidance, a...
Background: D-glucose (dextrose) is used as a 5000–25,000 mg% solution in the injection-based pain therapy known as dextrose prolotherapy (DPT). The number of peer-reviewed clinical trials supporting its use is growing. However, the mechanism o...
1 June 2002
To the Editor [...]
Background: Neurocytokines may upregulate or downregulate neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that dextrose (D-glucose) injections for therapeutic purposes (dextrose prolotherapy: DPT) in painful knee osteoarthritis (KOA) would favorably affect synovia...
Deep Gluteal Syndrome (DGS) has traditionally been defined as a clinical entity caused by sciatic nerve (SN) entrapment. However, recent anatomical and imaging studies suggest that muscle- and tendon-origin pathologies—including enthesopathy&md...
Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a common fibroinflammatory shoulder disorder, affecting 2–5% of the general population and up to 20% of people with diabetes mellitus. Although historically considered self-limiting, the course frequently exceeds two...
Background/Objectives: Recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation is associated with repeated dislocation episodes, pain, impaired jaw function, and psychosocial burden. Injectable intra- and periarticular therapies have been proposed as minimally...
In the original publication [...]
Background/Objectives: Although Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) is often self-limiting following apophyseal closure, it may cause persistent symptoms into adulthood, affecting physical and functional activities. The purpose of this systematic re...
Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mobility disorders encompass opposing clinical problems, ranging from hypermobility, subluxation, and recurrent dislocation to restricted mandibular mobility caused by disc displacement without red...
Background: The traditional A1-centric paradigm for trigger finger (TF) management does not fully capture heterogeneous pathology spanning isolated pulley stenosis, tendon degeneration, and impaired tendon–sheath gliding. Methods: A comprehensi...
This narrative review synthesizes evidence from 108 studies to provide the first comprehensive overview of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) for plantar fasciitis across three key domains. First, assessment methodologies were evaluated, identif...
Background: Lateral epicondylalgia (LE) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition, and a substantial proportion of patients fail to respond to conservative treatment. The myotendinous junction (MTJ) of the common extensor tendon (CET) harbors dense no...
Background/Objectives: The tibial nerve, commonly misnamed the “posterior tibial nerve”, branches into four key nerves: the medial plantar, lateral plantar, inferior calcaneal (Baxter’s nerve), and medial calcaneal branches. These n...
Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling condition, yet its pathogenesis remains less studied than OA in large weight-bearing joints. Emerging genetic, epigenetic, and microbiome research suggests that hand OA might be biologically disti...
(1) Background: Even though rotator cuff tears are the most frequent tendon injuries in adults, the effectiveness of conservatively treated partial-thickness tears still remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this review is to compare corticoster...
Intra-articular injections form a substantial element of the temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) therapy. Given the role played by IL-1β in pathology, the use of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is well-founded. Despite years of effective u...
Background and Clinical Significance: Scapular stress fractures are exceptionally rare in athletes and are notoriously difficult to diagnose due to their subtle presentation and poor sensitivity on initial radiographs. This case report describes the...
Radiofrequency (RF) is a minimally invasive procedure used to interrupt or alter nociceptive pathways for treating musculoskeletal pain. It seems a useful tool to relieve chronic pain syndromes, even if, to date, solid evidence is still needed about...
The purpose of this narrative review is to critically appraise recent advances in sports injury rehabilitation—primarily focusing on biopsychosocial (BPS) approaches alongside emerging technological innovations—and identify current gaps a...
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with a high risk of sarcopenia. Both intra-articular injections (IAIs) and physical therapy (PT) exert benefits in KOA. This network meta-analysis (NMA) study aimed to identify comparative efficacy among the co...
The purpose of the present paper was to review the available evidence on intra-articular botulinum toxin (BTX) injection in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to compare it to other conservative treatment options. A systematic review of the lit...
Background: First rib stress fractures (FRSFs) are exceptionally rare in skeletally immature athletes and are frequently overlooked because their symptoms mimic more common scapular conditions such as scapular dyskinesis or thoracic outlet syndrome....