Clinics and Practice

Research

12 pages, 1331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Immediate Effects of the Mandibular Muscle Energy Technique in Adults with Chronic Temporomandibular Disorder

by Antonio Márquez-Vera, Luis Polo-Ferrero, Ana Silvia Puente-González, Roberto Méndez-Sánchez and José Antonio Blanco-Rueda

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2568-2579; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060202 - 25 Nov 2024

Viewed by 303

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders affect the muscles used for chewing, the temporomandibular joint, and other related tissues, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles. Physical therapy plays a critical role in treatment. Manual therapy can trigger neurophysiological mechanisms that contribute [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorders affect the muscles used for chewing, the temporomandibular joint, and other related tissues, resulting in pain, limited mobility, and dysfunction of the masticatory muscles. Physical therapy plays a critical role in treatment. Manual therapy can trigger neurophysiological mechanisms that contribute to pain relief and a reduction in muscle activation. Evaluations of different manual therapy techniques are needed on this topic. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a specific manual therapy technique (the mandibular muscle energy technique) in adults with temporomandibular disorders. Methods: A randomized, parallel clinical trial was conducted, and 31 participants were recruited into an experimental group and 30 were recruited into a control group in order to analyze its effects on outcomes such as pain, pain threshold to pressure, mandibular mobility, and kinesiophobia. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed, followed by statistical analyses to verify the intra- and intergroup changes. Results: The results showed that the mandibular muscle energy technique produced positive effects with significant differences in the intra- and intergroup comparisons for pain threshold to pressure, mandibular mobility, and kinesiophobia, demonstrating its efficacy and safety as a treatment option for adults with temporomandibular disorders, with proven effects in the short term. Conclusions: The effects obtained and the absence of side effects showed that this technique can be integrated into multimodal treatment along with other types of interventions in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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9 pages, 525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical Acceptance of Digitally Produced Zirconia and Metal Post and Cores, Based on the Impression Method

by Paula Perlea, Cosmin Stefanescu and Alexandru Eugen Petre

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2533-2541; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060199 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 627

Abstract

Background: The existing literature predominantly examines post and core assessments post-cementation, neglecting the critical pre-cementation phase. Research on the clinical acceptance of dental posts received from dental laboratories before cementation is notably lacking. This study investigates the percentage of zirconia and metal dental [...] Read more.

Background: The existing literature predominantly examines post and core assessments post-cementation, neglecting the critical pre-cementation phase. Research on the clinical acceptance of dental posts received from dental laboratories before cementation is notably lacking. This study investigates the percentage of zirconia and metal dental posts that are deemed suitable for cementation by clinicians, among the total received from the dental laboratory. Additionally, it aims to examine whether this percentage varies based on the type of impression made by the clinician: digital impression versus conventional impression. Methods: This article introduces the application of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology for manufacturing customized zirconia and Cobalt–Chromium (Co-Cr) post and cores. Intraoral scanning is employed to capture the canal anatomy. In contrast to the traditional casting process, a three-dimensional (3D) metal printer machine is utilized to 3D print the metal post and core from Co-Cr, resulting in enhanced toughness and superior adaptability to the canal. Two null hypotheses were formulated, investigating the clinical acceptance of zirconia and metal posts obtained through traditional versus digital impressions. Results: Among 577 post and cores, 95% of metal posts from both impression methods received clinical approval. However, for zirconia posts, a significantly higher acceptance rate (95% versus 88%) was observed for those from traditional impressions. The Chi-squared test yielded a p-value < 0.05, underscoring the clinical superiority of conventionally obtained zirconia posts and supporting the null hypothesis for metal posts. Conclusions: A significantly higher acceptance rate is apparent among zirconia post and cores manufactured through conventional impressions, in contrast to zirconia post and cores produced via digital impressions. No statistically significant difference was identified between metal post and cores obtained through digital impressions and those acquired through conventional impressions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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8 pages, 213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oral Diadochokinesis, Tongue Pressure, and Lip-Seal Strength Among Japanese Male Workers in the Taxi Industry: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Akira Minoura, Yoshiaki Ihara, Hirotaka Kato, Kouzou Murakami, Yoshio Watanabe, Kojiro Hirano, Yoshinori Ito and Akatsuki Kokaze

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2499-2506; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060196 - 14 Nov 2024

Viewed by 480

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Health management in workers in the taxi industry is particularly challenging due to irregular working hours and the need to prevent fatal accidents. In addition, drivers in Japan are aging, and the early prevention of age-related deterioration in oral health is an [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Health management in workers in the taxi industry is particularly challenging due to irregular working hours and the need to prevent fatal accidents. In addition, drivers in Japan are aging, and the early prevention of age-related deterioration in oral health is an increasingly important issue. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationships between oral diadochokinesis (OD), tongue pressure, and lip-seal strength in Japanese male taxi workers. Methods: Measurements of tongue pressure and lip-seal strength were performed by dentists using specialized equipment. OD was measured using the number of consecutive “Pa”, “Ta”, and “Ka” vocalizations that could be produced in 5 s. We performed multiple regression analysis to examine the effects of lip-seal strength and tongue pressure on OD. Results: The study included 437 participants, excluding 17 who could not complete all oral cavity measurements. Tongue pressure showed a significant positive correlation with “Pa”, “Ta”, and “Ka” (correlation coefficients: 0.527–0.680). Lip-seal strength was not significantly correlated with OD. Tongue pressure showed a significant positive correlation with “Pa”, “Ta”, and “Ka”. In the results of multiple regression analyses without the elderly participants, tongue pressure was associated with “Pa” (β[95% confidence interval]: 0.574[0.304, 0.843]), “Ta” (0.436[0.231, 0.640]), and “Ka” (0.424[0.210, 0.639]), and lip-seal strength was associated with “Pa” (0.128[0.032, 0.224]) and “Ka” (0.083[0.006, 0.160]). Conclusions: OD may be associated with lip-seal strength and tongue pressure even without including elderly workers. Regardless of age, maintaining good OD may help maintain lip-seal strength and tongue pressure, which may play a role in reducing the risk of age-related oral disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

15 pages, 1893 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Single-Centre Analysis of Surgical Techniques for Myelomeningocele Closure: Methods, Outcomes, and Complications

by Alina Roxana Cehan, Dorin Constantin Dorobanțu, Corina Ionela Tamas, Vlad Dimitrie Cehan, Flaviu Tamas and Adrian Balasa

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(5), 2056-2070; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14050162 - 29 Sep 2024

Viewed by 3300

Abstract

(1) Background: Neural tube defects are a prevalent cause of congenital malformations, myelomeningocele (MMC) being the most severe form. This study evaluates the clinical outcome and postoperative-associated complications following MMC surgical closures, focusing on the following three techniques: direct suture (DS); VY advancement [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Neural tube defects are a prevalent cause of congenital malformations, myelomeningocele (MMC) being the most severe form. This study evaluates the clinical outcome and postoperative-associated complications following MMC surgical closures, focusing on the following three techniques: direct suture (DS); VY advancement flap (VYF); and Limberg flap (LF). (2) Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2023, and the inclusion criteria were newborns who underwent lumbosacral MMC within 24 h of birth. (3) Results: Out of 20 cases, 45% underwent DS closure; 25% underwent VY-F closure; 15% underwent LF closure, and 15% (n = 3) underwent combined flap closure. A significant statistical correlation was observed between intracranial hypertension (IH), the need for external ventricular drainage (EVD), and DS closure type. In the DS group, 60% of patients required EVD (p = 0.041), and 90% had IH (p = 0.027). CSF fistula was present in 40% of LF cases and 30% of DS cases, while wound dehiscence was observed in 60% of LF cases and 30% of DS cases. (4) Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that DS was linked to higher rates of complications. The VY-F is the safest method for closing MMC defects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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19 pages, 556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fonseca’s Questionnaire Is a Useful Tool for Carrying Out the Initial Evaluation of Temporomandibular Disorders in Dental Students

by Valeria Mitro, Angela Rosa Caso, Federica Sacchi, Massimiliano Gilli, Guido Lombardo, Gabriele Monarchi, Stefano Pagano and Antonio Tullio

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(5), 1650-1668; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14050132 - 26 Aug 2024

Viewed by 772

Abstract

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a prevalent multifactorial condition that impacts a significant portion of the global population. The objective of this study was to employ Fonseca’s questionnaire for an initial assessment of TMDs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a [...] Read more.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) represent a prevalent multifactorial condition that impacts a significant portion of the global population. The objective of this study was to employ Fonseca’s questionnaire for an initial assessment of TMDs. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 250 undergraduates from the Dental School of the University of Perugia, Italy. The chi-square test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05, was used to evaluate a statistically significant relationship between TMDs and several variables such as gender, age, employed/unemployed, and physically active or not. Results: The data obtained through the questionnaire indicated that a considerable percentage of students (78%) exhibited signs consistent with TMDs. The most frequently reported signs and symptoms included psychological stress (49.6%), dental clenching and grinding (34%), joint clicking (33.6%), frequent headaches (15.2%), and neck pain (23.2%). Notably, when considering moderate to severe symptoms of TMDs, females were more significantly affected than males. Furthermore, factors such as age, employment status, and physical activity did not appear to influence the prevalence of TMDs. Conclusions: The high prevalence of TMDs identified within this young population (university students), as measured by this questionnaire (albeit warranting validation through more rigorous methodologies) underscores the necessity for the implementation of new preventive strategies that specifically address this demographic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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15 pages, 1316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Time-to-Treatment Delays and Their Prognostic Implications in Pharyngeal Cancer—An Exploratory Analysis in Western Romania

by Andreea Mihaela Kiș, Roxana Buzatu, Lazar Chisavu, Marioara Poenaru, Claudia Borza, Andrada Iftode, Oana Silvana Sarau, Cristina Adriana Dehelean and Simona Ardelean

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(4), 1270-1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14040103 - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1119

Abstract

Background: Diagnosis and treatment for pharyngeal cancer are decisive in determining prognosis. Diagnosis delays are frequent, representing a significant cause of avoidable mortality, and an important factor in subpar survival across the continuous HNC care delivery. Methods: The present study represents a retrospective [...] Read more.

Background: Diagnosis and treatment for pharyngeal cancer are decisive in determining prognosis. Diagnosis delays are frequent, representing a significant cause of avoidable mortality, and an important factor in subpar survival across the continuous HNC care delivery. Methods: The present study represents a retrospective analysis of medical records from Western Romania, which included 180 patients, to evaluate the impact of time-to-treatment delay on patients diagnosed with pharyngeal cancer. The data analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method R (version 3.6.3) packages, including tidyverse, final-fit, mcgv, survival, stringdist, janitor, and Hmisc. Results: The mean days from diagnosis until the end of treatment were higher for the nasopharynx group. Cox regression analysis regarding diagnosis to treatment duration categories showed an increased risk mortality by 3.11 times (95%CI: 1.51–6.41, p = 0.0021) with a Harrell’s C-index of 0.638 (95%CI: 0.552–0.723). The hypopharynx and oropharynx locations increased risk mortality by 4.59 (95%CI: 1.55–13.55) and 5.49 times (95%CI: 1.79–16.81) compared to the nasopharynx location. Conclusions: The findings of this study led to the conclusion that it seems there is a trend of mortality risk for oropharynx and hypopharynx cancers due to delays in the time to treatment over 70 days, standing as a basis for further research as there is an imperative need for prospective multicenter studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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13 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Thyroidectomy and Lobectomy on Patients’ Health-Related Quality of Life, Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia

by Zainab Ali AlOsaif, Hassan Mohammed Al Bisher, Hend Abdelmonem Elshnawie and Mohammed Taha Al-Hariri

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(4), 1251-1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14040101 - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 921

Abstract

Introduction: The thyroid gland is a crucial endocrine organ that can be susceptible to various pathological conditions, often necessitating total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. It is a common surgical procedure in Saudi Arabia. Thus, it is essential to recognize the impact of thyroid surgery [...] Read more.

Introduction: The thyroid gland is a crucial endocrine organ that can be susceptible to various pathological conditions, often necessitating total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. It is a common surgical procedure in Saudi Arabia. Thus, it is essential to recognize the impact of thyroid surgery on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate HRQoL among patients with benign and malignant thyroid diseases who underwent thyroidectomy in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Hospital of University in Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2018 to May 2018. The data collection method used was divided into two parts. Part I included the patients’ socio-demographic characteristics and the clinical characteristics of their thyroid surgery. Part II was a HRQoL questionnaire (SF-36, version 1.0). Results: The sample included 100 thyroidectomy patients ≥18 years. The study findings revealed that the overall scores for post-thyroidectomy patients showed a significant improvement in HRQoL, and HRQoL was not significantly associated with benign or malignant thyroid diseases. Conclusion: Especially when the surgery is performed by a high-volume endocrine surgeon, thyroidectomy may lead to significant improvements in HRQoL among patients, including the elderly and younger adults, with benign and malignant thyroid disorders. There was no difference in HRQoL between patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy. Also, HRQol among thyroidectomy patients is associated with their educational and occupational statuses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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15 pages, 1249 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unravelling Quality of Life for Head and Neck Cancer Patients after VMAT Radiation Therapy: Insights from Toxicity, Dosimetry and Symptoms Correlation

by Panagiota Kiafi, Maria Anthi Kouri, Georgios Patatoukas, Andromachi Kougioumtzopoulou, Marina Chalkia, Ourania Nicolatou-Galitis, Vassilis Kouloulias, Efthimios Kyrodimos and Kalliopi Platoni

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(3), 1085-1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14030086 - 6 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1718

Abstract

(1) Background: Head and neck cancer treatment, including advanced techniques like Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), presents challenges for maintaining patient quality of life (QoL). Thus, thoroughly investigating how radiation therapy (RT) affects patients has been proved essential. Derived by that, this study [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Head and neck cancer treatment, including advanced techniques like Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), presents challenges for maintaining patient quality of life (QoL). Thus, thoroughly investigating how radiation therapy (RT) affects patients has been proved essential. Derived by that, this study aims to understand the complex interactions between not only RT and QoL but also symptom severity, and treatment-related toxicities in three distinct time points of patient’s treatment; (2) Methods: To achieve that, EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaires were used in combination with EORTC_RTOG scoring criteria and Spearman’s rho statistical analysis for 74 patients with cancer undergoing VMAT radiation therapy; (3) Results: The results revealed a significant improvement in the Overall Health Index post-treatment, indicating a temporary decline during therapy followed by subsequent recovery, often surpassing pre-treatment QoL levels. Concurrently a reduction in symptomatology was observed, notably in pain, swallowing difficulties, and dry mouth, aligning with prior research indicating decreased symptom burden post-treatment. However, Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis at two distinct time points during therapy uncovered varying degrees of correlation between dosimetric data at Organs at Risk (OARs) and reported symptoms, highlighting potential limitations in using QoL questionnaires as sole indicators of treatment efficacy. Our investigation into the correlation between dosimetric data, toxicity, and symptoms focused on the relationship between radiation doses and oral mucositis levels, a common toxicity in head and neck cancer patients. Significant associations were identified between toxicity levels and dosimetric parameters, particularly with OARs such as the parotid glands, oral cavity, and swallowing muscles, underlining the utility of the EORTC method as a reliable toxicity assessment tool; (4) Conclusions: To summarize, current research attempts to underscore the importance of refining QoL assessments for enhanced patient care. The integration of dosimetric data, symptom severity, and treatment-related toxicities in the QoL outcomes of head and neck cancer patients undergoing VMAT radiation therapy, can lead towards the optimization of treatment strategies and the improvement of patient outcomes in future patient-centered radiation therapy practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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8 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Polish Version of the Neck Outcome Score

by Nicola Dyrek, Łukasz Pulik, Aleksandra Piwowarczyk, Wiktoria Skała, Nina Grabowska-Mycko and Paweł Łęgosz

Clin. Pract. 2023, 13(6), 1352-1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13060121 - 30 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1401

Abstract

This study aimed to translate and psychometrically validate the Neck Outcome Score (NOOS) in the Polish population according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Participants completed online version of the NOOS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analogue Scale [...] Read more.

This study aimed to translate and psychometrically validate the Neck Outcome Score (NOOS) in the Polish population according to the recommendations of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Participants completed online version of the NOOS, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain assessment (23 November 2021–9 April 2022). The questionnaires were completed by 57 women and 32 men with cervical spine ailments. A retest was performed after 48 h. The analysis confirmed the high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.95) of the Polish NOOS. No floor/ceiling effects were observed. The Polish NOOS showed a significant Spearman’s coefficient correlation with NDI (0.87; p < 0.001) and VAS (0.79; p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the test–retest was found to be high (0.97). The Polish NOOS can be used for clinical and research purposes as an equivalent to the original version. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

Review

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15 pages, 926 KiB

Open AccessReview

Novel Challenges and Opportunities for Anesthesia and Perioperative Care in Microvascular Flap Surgery: A Narrative Review

by Aleksi Matias Ojuva, Rihards Peteris Rocans, Janis Zarins, Evita Bine, Insana Mahauri, Simona Donina, Biruta Mamaja and Indulis Vanags

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(5), 2187-2201; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14050172 - 18 Oct 2024

Viewed by 776

Abstract

Complex microvascular techniques and in-depth knowledge of blood rheology and microanastomosis function are required for success in microvascular flap surgery. Substantial progress has been achieved in preventing complications, but the rate of flap loss is still significant and can have significant adverse effects [...] Read more.

Complex microvascular techniques and in-depth knowledge of blood rheology and microanastomosis function are required for success in microvascular flap surgery. Substantial progress has been achieved in preventing complications, but the rate of flap loss is still significant and can have significant adverse effects on the patient. Flap thrombosis, flap hematoma, and flap loss are the most frequent and severe major surgical complications. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of different flap complications, the use of preoperative risk assessment and new treatment concepts could improve the perioperative care of microvascular flap surgery patients. Our aim was to outline novel avenues for best practice and provide an outlook for further research of anesthesia and perioperative care concepts in microvascular flap surgery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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18 pages, 530 KiB

Open AccessReview

How to Evaluate the Efficacy of Manipulations in Spine Disorders—A Comprehensive Review of New and Traditional Outcome Measures

by Giacomo Farì, Carlo Mariconda, Laura Dell’Anna, Francesco Quarta, Danilo Donati, Cristiano Sconza, Vincenzo Ricci, Giustino Varrassi, Valeria Coco, Alessandro Manelli, Ennio Spadini, Maria Teresa Giglio and Andrea Bernetti

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(4), 1478-1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14040119 - 29 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945

Abstract

Spine pain (SP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder that causes transitional forms of motor disability. Considering its affordability and safety, manipulative therapy (MT) stands as one of the primary therapeutic approaches for SP and the related dysfunctional consequences. However, it is still [...] Read more.

Spine pain (SP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder that causes transitional forms of motor disability. Considering its affordability and safety, manipulative therapy (MT) stands as one of the primary therapeutic approaches for SP and the related dysfunctional consequences. However, it is still difficult to assess and quantify the results of this treatment since there is a lack of objective evaluation tools in the available scientific literature. Thus, the purpose of this comprehensive review is to summarize the main outcomes used to evaluate the effectiveness of spine manipulations, focusing on their strengths and weaknesses. An extensive review of the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases was performed to identify the literature of the last ten years regarding MT and the related assessment tools. A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The analyzed literature indicates that a wide range of outcome measures have been used to assess the effectiveness of spine MT. Pain is the main aspect to be investigated but it remains difficult to elucidate since it is strongly linked to various dimensions such as self-perception and psychological aspects. Therefore, it seems necessary to include new tools for evaluating the effects of spine MT, with the aim of exploiting new technologies and taking into consideration the SP biomechanical and biopsychosocial aspects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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12 pages, 754 KiB

Open AccessReview

Autophagy Genes and Otitis Media Outcomes

by Yong Jun Kim, Hwa Sung Rim, Jeong Hee Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Joon Hyung Yeo and Seung Geun Yeo

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(1), 293-304; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14010023 - 6 Feb 2024

Viewed by 1382

Abstract

Otitis media (OM) is a common cause of hearing loss in children that requires corrective surgery. Various studies have investigated the pathomechanisms and treatment of OM. Autophagy, an essential cellular recycling and elimination mechanism implicated in various diseases, is known to play an [...] Read more.

Otitis media (OM) is a common cause of hearing loss in children that requires corrective surgery. Various studies have investigated the pathomechanisms and treatment of OM. Autophagy, an essential cellular recycling and elimination mechanism implicated in various diseases, is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of OM. Here, we conducted a literature review on autophagy in OM, highlighting the relationship between expression patterns of autophagy-related factors and pathophysiological and clinical aspects of OM. We summarized the existing research results on the expression of autophagy-related factors in acute OM (AOM), OM with effusion (OME), chronic OM (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma (CholeOM) in animals and humans. Autophagy-related factors are expressed in the middle ear mucosa or fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, granulation tissue of COM, and cholesteatoma of CholeOM. Among ATGs and other autophagy-related factors, the most extensively studied in relation to the pathogenesis of OM are mTOR, LC3II/I, PI3K, Beclin-1, FLIP, Akt, and Rubicon. Expression of autophagy-related factors is associated with AOM, OME, COM, and CholeOM. Inadequate expression of these factors or a decrease/increase in autophagy responses can result in OM, underscoring the critical role of ATGs and related factors in the pathogenesis of OM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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Other

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9 pages, 5853 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hemifacial Microsomia: Several Clinical Cases

by Mónica Cano-Rosás, Juan Benito-Cano, Javier Benito-Cano, José María Diosdado-Cano, Pablo Benito-Duque and Adrián Curto

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2410-2418; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060188 - 8 Nov 2024

Viewed by 735

Abstract

Hemifacial microsomia is the second most common congenital anomaly of the craniofacial region. Hemifacial microsomia is characterised by unilateral hypoplasia of the ear. Treatment of this condition depends on the severity of the lesion. The treatment of hemifacial microsomia must be carried out [...] Read more.

Hemifacial microsomia is the second most common congenital anomaly of the craniofacial region. Hemifacial microsomia is characterised by unilateral hypoplasia of the ear. Treatment of this condition depends on the severity of the lesion. The treatment of hemifacial microsomia must be carried out by a multidisciplinary group of professionals familiar with this pathology, including plastic surgeons, parapsychologists, orthodontists, and paediatricians. In hemifacial microsomia, microtia is usually accompanied by alterations of the middle ear. Since the ear develops embryonically from the first and second branchial arches, the facial areas that also develop from these embryonic origins are usually affected to a greater or lesser degree, including through hypoplasia of the jaw, maxilla, zygomatic bones, and temporal bone, among others. Although jaw hypoplasia is the most evident deformity in craniofacial microsomia, microtia is the alteration that often has the greatest aesthetic impact on patients. Alterations in dentition are also common, typically presenting as a cephalad inclination of the anterior occlusal plane of the maxilla and mandible on the affected side. This study aims to review the surgical approach and evaluate the results of a paediatric case of hemifacial microsomia. Hemifacial microsomia is present at birth, and successful reconstruction is essential for the correct integration of such infantile patients into society. Multiple facial asymmetries as well as neonatal onset are a challenge for reconstructive surgery, and the importance of multidisciplinary treatment in these patients must be emphasised. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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12 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Minimal Clinically Important Differences in the Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

by Athanassios Kyrgidis, Athanasia Printza, Evangelos Vitkos, Konstantinos Lallas, Alexandra Vlassi, Jannis Constantinidis and Stefanos Triaridis

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(6), 2329-2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14060182 - 1 Nov 2024

Viewed by 658

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of change that is clinically meaningful in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-HN35 instruments in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 [...] Read more.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of change that is clinically meaningful in the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-HN35 instruments in head and neck cancer patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-two patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-HN35 at baseline and follow-up one to two months later. Minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) were calculated through anchor- and distribution-based methods for improvement and deterioration. Karnofsky Performance status (KPS) was used as the anchor to determine meaningful change. Results: In the group of patients who deteriorated, more scales and symptoms demonstrated statistically significant meaningful change. EORTC QLQ-C30 meaningful change values for deterioration with KPS anchor ranged from 7.2 (physical functioning) to 16.7 units (Global Health Status), and for improvement ranged from 10.0 (role functioning) to 16.7 units (Global Health Status). Conclusions: We report—for the first time, to the best of our knowledge—MCID for EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-HN35 in head and neck cancer patients. Knowledge of meaningful change in these questionnaires allows physicians to assess patient change over time, along with evaluating the impact of treatment on quality of life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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9 pages, 346 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Individualized Cognitive Functional Therapy Compared with Conservative Treatment for Patients with Chronic Neck Pain—Study Protocol for a Single Blind Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial

by George Ploutarchou, Vasileios Korakakis, Evi Lazoura, Christos Savva, Kyriakos Pavlou, Iacovos Christofi, Katerina Sotiriou, Chara Savvidou, Andreas Panteli, Christos Karagiannis and Ioannis Mamais

Clin. Pract. 2024, 14(4), 1225-1233; https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract14040098 - 21 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1964

Abstract

Chronic neck pain (CNP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, is considered the second leading cause of pain, and is among the leading causes of disability. Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) is a novel behavioral therapy for individualizing the management of spinal [...] Read more.

Chronic neck pain (CNP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions, is considered the second leading cause of pain, and is among the leading causes of disability. Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) is a novel behavioral therapy for individualizing the management of spinal pain targeting the multidimensional aspect of musculoskeletal pain. This study outlines the protocol for an assessor-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to compare an individualized Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) intervention with usual care in terms of pain and disability. Aiming for a pragmatic intervention, the CFT group will receive 16 sessions based on patient’s condition characteristics, and clinical presentation and progression. The control group will receive 16 sessions of standardized usual care (electrotherapy, massage, posture exercise, and educations). Both groups will have the same intervention duration. Patients will be randomly allocated into groups and will be assessed at baseline, at the 8th session, at the 16th session, and 3 months after randomization. Primary outcomes will be pain, disability, cervical range of motion, and neck muscle isometric strength. To our knowledge, this study will be the first RCT to compare the clinical effectiveness of CFT compared to UC for adults with CNP. The study results will provide information about the use of CFT in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Outcome Research in the Head and Neck)

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