In response to the financial crisis of 2008, the Federal Reserve radically increased the monetary base. Banks responded by increasing excess reserves rather than increasing bank loans, and the public responded with a substantial flight to liquidity i...
This paper investigates the impact of the money supply in different states of inflation and economic growth in South Africa from 1990 to 2021. The term “states” defines periods of low and high rates of economic variables of interest. Mark...
Supply chain contracts, such as the markdown money policy (MMP), are commonly adopted in the fashion industry. In this paper, we explore how fashion companies can use MMP to enhance economic sustainability from the cross-cultural perspective. We cond...
The core personal consumption expenditure (PCE) price index, the Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation gauge, rose to 5.2 percent on January 2022, which is the highest rate of increase since 40 years ago. Our estimates show that the annualized...
Real estate is a complex and unpredictable industry because of the many factors that influence it, and conducting a thorough analysis of these factors is challenging. This study explores why house prices have continued to increase over the last 10 ye...
Community currencies are only sometimes economically advantageous. We focus on seasonal changes in money supply and assume that community currencies stabilize the money supply in a local community. This leads to additional transactions during seasons...
For one variable–supply currency in isolation, one player’s Cobb–Douglas utility depends on the current supply divided by the initial supply, multiplied by the inverse of the accumulative inflation/deflation. With equal weight assig...
This research study aims to explore the inflationary effects of oil price rises in the case of Azerbaijan. The study covers 1997–2021 yearly data to estimate long- and short-term impacts while considering “oil price—money supply&rdq...
The nature of the relation between stock returns and the three monetary variables of interest rates (bond yields), inflation and money supply growth, while oft studied, is one that remains unclear. We argue that the nature of the relation changes ove...
This research examines the macroeconomic determinants of inflation in Cambodia with an ARDL cointegration analysis. The results demonstrate a long-run negative association between inflation and exchange rates, tax revenue, and broad money. In the sho...
Corporate taxation assumes a pivotal role in all economies, as it constitutes a substantial source of revenue for governmental agencies tasked with fulfilling social obligations. Nonetheless, modifications in financial policies and the unpredictabili...
Using the same data set, a researcher can obtain very different reduced form estimates just by assuming different macroeconomic models. Reiterative Truncated Projected Least Squares (RTPLS) or Variable Slope Generalized Least Squares (VSGLS) can be u...
This paper compares the “simple-sum” monetary aggregates (M1 and M2) published by the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) with the new monetary aggregates (D1 and D2)—known as the Divisia monetary indexes. The former aggregates are constructed from...
The debate about whether or not a growth imperative exists in debt-based, interest-bearing monetary systems has not yet been settled. It is the goal of this paper to introduce a new perspective in this discussion. For that purpose, an SFC computation...
The purpose of this study is to find the influence of various macroeconomic factors on the volatility index, as macroeconomic factors affect stock market volatility, resulting in an impact on the VIX Index, representing the risk in the stock market....
Energy prices (EPs) play an imperative role in South Asian Country (SAC) Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This research empirically examines the influence of sustainable energy price shocks (EPSs) on macroeconomic indicators. The study is to forecast th...
This paper examines the question of what kind of money will govern the 21st century by examining the developments which characterise this landscape. On the basis of a review of the available literature and evidence, it is clear that certain technolog...
This paper aims to integrate the money market into the structure of the economy. The microfoundation is the starting point to define the money market and the general equilibrium mechanism of the economy. On this basis, this research seeks a linking m...
The treasury analogy is widely used in most countries in the execution of fiscal policies striving to match taxation with public expenditure while, at the same time, the central banks tinker with interest rates and reserve requirements and conduct op...
We analyze various determinants of the average price level using a strictly mathematical approach. Starting with the microeconomic perspective, we review the effect of demand shifters such as consumer income and the level of advertising on the averag...
This study investigates cyclical asymmetries in money demand models considering the moderating effect of financial development. Prior research has overlooked this issue in the money demand literature within the Fijian context, where research is outda...
The Barnett critique states that there is an internal inconsistency between the theory that is implied by simple sum monetary aggregation (perfect substitutability among components) and the economic theory that produces the models within which those...
This study empirically examines the influence of trade openness on the rate of inflation by focusing on the Chinese economy. The study utilizes data covering the period 1987–2019 and employs the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) for t...
Liquid money controlled by a trustworthy central bank can serve as an insurance against external surprises such as stock market crashes, bank fails and other setbacks that endanger the yield of illiquid savings. In turbulent times, the insurance prop...
The Mar del Plata International Water Conference provided the first global assessment of the water sector. It was found that in most developing countries the state of water supply and sanitation services were deplorable. Consequently, a call for conc...
Today food inflation is a rising issue. The world food problem is getting more complicated as the world population is increasing more rapidly than food production. Pakistan being a developing country is a victim of higher food prices. The present stu...
This study enhances the discussion on food security by examining trade equity between food consumers and the supply chain from an emergy perspective. The objective is to develop a food security indicator for Brazil as a case study that provides a hol...
The quantity equation is a well-established, theoretic, long-run concept that has been criticized for a variety of reasons, i.e., that no precise statements about causality or dynamics between money growth and inflation can be inferred from its compo...
This paper explores the determinants of the net interest margin (NIM) using unbalanced panel data from 2003 to 2017. This paper’s objective is achieved by using a two-step system generalised method of moment (GMM) for estimation. Three differen...
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test the validity of the quantity theory of money (QTM) on South African sectoral data. The rationale of this study and its necessity for South Africa as the case study is that, although aggregate inflation ma...
The annual inflation rate in Sri Lanka accelerated to record levels in recent years, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the inflation rate had declined to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2024, it is of great importance to identify the factors...
Mutton prices in China carry significant economic and social implications, yet their macro-financial drivers remain insufficiently understood. Based on monthly data from 2003 to 2025, this paper employs Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition, Vector A...
Inflation rate is considered undesirable in the modern globalized world due to its adverse and long-lasting impacts. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA, hereafter) has also experienced inflationary pressure during the last few years, specifically post-...
This paper presents examination of how a pension policy affects income growth and the inflation rate in a utility model. Even if the contribution rate of pension increases because of an aging society, an aging society increases income growth and the...
Due to limited guarantees, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to obtain loans from banks. Supply chain accounts-receivable pledge financing (SCARPF) can help in overcoming those financing difficulties. This study developed...
The primary goal of the present study was to assess the efficacy of the inflation-targeting framework (ITF) within the Egyptian economy. This was achieved by scrutinizing the monetary policy framework (MPF) from 2005 to 2022 and measuring its effecti...
Financial inclusion efforts have resulted in a rapid increase in access to financial services. However, the usage of these financial services has not expanded at the same pace, especially in rural areas. The paper explores the factors that have cause...
The endogenous money creation paradigm posits that banks generate money through lending, with deposits serving as a byproduct. This study investigates the mechanism driving the “credit–deposit paradox” during Poland’s high-int...
Inflation is an economic phenomenon that affects the growth of many countries around the world, especially African countries. Several studies have endeavored to determine the direction of its effect in developing countries, albeit with inconclusive r...
Inflation across the globe after the COVID-19 pandemic has shown some persistence and followed an upward trend well above inflation targets and beyond normal historical movements. The Saudi inflation rate followed similar patterns of global trends, s...
A model Anticorruption Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (APUNCAC) would implement international requirements to report the beneficial ownership of funds involved in certain financial transactions. The purpose is to discour...
With the influence of digital technology in our daily lives continuously growing, we investigate methods with the purpose of assessing the stability, sustainability, and design of systems of token economies that include tokens and conventional curren...
This study investigates the dynamic relationship between key macroeconomic indicators, specifically inflation (CPI), the Federal Funds Rate, GDP growth, unemployment, and money supply, and U.S. stock market returns, represented by the S&P 500 ind...
This study investigates the short-run and long-run dynamics of the financial cycle in South Africa, focusing on its macroeconomic drivers and their asymmetric effects across different phases. It addresses the persistent challenge in emerging market e...
Counterfeit and unaccounted postage stamps used on mailings cost postal administrations a significant amount of money each year. Corporate and individual clients become victim to stamp fraud and incur losses when security teams investigate such maili...
Current macroeconomic policy promotes continuous economic growth. Unemployment, poverty and debt are associated with insufficient growth. Economic activity depends upon the transformation of natural materials, ultimately returning to the environment...
For the rural districts of China to get an economically and socially sustainable development, the strengthening of agricultural cooperatives is essential. This study aims at presenting a model about how social capital within the cooperatives can be c...
This study sheds new light on the relationship between monetary policy and private investment using Vietnam’s provincial data and a system generalized method of moment (GMM) framework. To capture monetary policy’s effect, different indica...
A contribution of foreign direct investment to economic growth is possibly one of the widely examined topics in academic research in the last five decades. However, few studies have examined both the short run and long run impacts of this effect conc...
This article shows that there is a methodological problem in the traditional IS-LM model. If production cannot be sufficiently adjusted downwards, there is no uniform interest rate that simultaneously clears the money and goods markets. An extension...
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