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586 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
8,631 Views
18 Pages

19 May 2018

Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important for psychological analysis, medical diagnosis, driver assistance systems, and many other applications. Various gaze-tracking models have been established by previous researchers. However, ther...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,859 Views
19 Pages

13 March 2013

Speller UI systems tend to be less accurate because of individual variation and the noise of EEG signals. Therefore, we propose a new method to combine the EEG signals and gaze-tracking. This research is novel in the following four aspects. First, tw...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,002 Views
23 Pages

Focus Assessment Method of Gaze Tracking Camera Based on ε-Support Vector Regression

  • Duc Thien Luong,
  • Jeon Seong Kang,
  • Phong Ha Nguyen,
  • Min Beom Lee and
  • Kang Ryoung Park

14 June 2017

In order to capture an eye image of high quality in a gaze-tracking camera, an auto-focusing mechanism is used, which requires accurate focus assessment. Although there has been previous research on focus assessment in the spatial or wavelet domains,...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,670 Views
26 Pages

A Human-Adaptive Model for User Performance and Fatigue Evaluation during Gaze-Tracking Tasks

  • Mindaugas Vasiljevas,
  • Robertas Damaševičius and
  • Rytis Maskeliūnas

25 February 2023

Eye gaze interfaces are an emerging technology that allows users to control graphical user interfaces (GUIs) simply by looking at them. However, using gaze-controlled GUIs can be a demanding task, resulting in high cognitive and physical load and fat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,818 Views
17 Pages

Collaborative Robot Control Based on Human Gaze Tracking

  • Francesco Di Stefano,
  • Alice Giambertone,
  • Laura Salamina,
  • Matteo Melchiorre and
  • Stefano Mauro

14 May 2025

Gaze tracking is gaining relevance in collaborative robotics as a means to enhance human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive and non-verbal communication. This study explores the integration of human gaze into collaborative robotics by de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
10,337 Views
21 Pages

16 August 2013

Most conventional gaze-tracking systems require that users look at many points during the initial calibration stage, which is inconvenient for them. To avoid this requirement, we propose a new gaze-tracking method with four important characteristics....

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,304 Views
21 Pages

Stable Gaze Tracking with Filtering Based on Internet of Things

  • Peng Xiao,
  • Jie Wu,
  • Yu Wang,
  • Jiannan Chi and
  • Zhiliang Wang

20 April 2022

Gaze tracking is basic research in the era of the Internet of Things. This study attempts to improve the performance of gaze tracking in an active infrared source gaze-tracking system. Owing to unavoidable noise interference, the estimated points of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
722 Views
14 Pages

GhostBlock-Augmented Lightweight Gaze Tracking via Depthwise Separable Convolution

  • Jing-Ming Guo,
  • Yu-Sung Cheng,
  • Yi-Chong Zeng and
  • Zong-Yan Yang

This paper proposes a lightweight gaze-tracking architecture named GhostBlock-Augmented Look to Coordinate Space (L2CS), which integrates GhostNet-based modules and depthwise separable convolution to achieve a better trade-off between model accuracy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,266 Views
18 Pages

21 November 2024

In order to improve the accuracy of gaze tracking in real-time, various attention mechanisms and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for dynamic continuous video frames are studied in-depth in the paper. A real-time gaze-tracking method (Spatiotem...

  • Review
  • Open Access
101 Citations
19,348 Views
36 Pages

14 December 2019

Tracking drivers’ eyes and gazes is a topic of great interest in the research of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). It is especially a matter of serious discussion among the road safety researchers’ community, as visual distracti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,430 Views
31 Pages

6 November 2017

Recently, many studies have actively dealt with the issue of driver-gaze tracking for monitoring the forward gaze and physical condition. Driver-gaze tracking is an effective method of measuring a driver’s inattention that is one of the major causes...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
9,287 Views
25 Pages

Gaze Tracking System for User Wearing Glasses

  • Su Yeong Gwon,
  • Chul Woo Cho,
  • Hyeon Chang Lee,
  • Won Oh Lee and
  • Kang Ryoung Park

27 January 2014

Conventional gaze tracking systems are limited in cases where the user is wearing glasses because the glasses usually produce noise due to reflections caused by the gaze tracker’s lights. This makes it difficult to locate the pupil and the specular r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
4,848 Views
17 Pages

17 March 2022

The human eye gaze plays a vital role in monitoring people’s attention, and various efforts have been made to improve in-vehicle driver gaze tracking systems. Most of them build the specific gaze estimation model by pre-annotated data training...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
8,207 Views
25 Pages

Remote Gaze Tracking System on a Large Display

  • Hyeon Chang Lee,
  • Won Oh Lee,
  • Chul Woo Cho,
  • Su Yeong Gwon,
  • Kang Ryoung Park,
  • Heekyung Lee and
  • Jihun Cha

7 October 2013

We propose a new remote gaze tracking system as an intelligent TV interface. Our research is novel in the following three ways: first, because a user can sit at various positions in front of a large display, the capture volume of the gaze tracking sy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,119 Views
37 Pages

Gaze Point Tracking Based on a Robotic Body–Head–Eye Coordination Method

  • Xingyang Feng,
  • Qingbin Wang,
  • Hua Cong,
  • Yu Zhang and
  • Mianhao Qiu

11 July 2023

When the magnitude of a gaze is too large, human beings change the orientation of their head or body to assist their eyes in tracking targets because saccade alone is insufficient to keep a target at the center region of the retina. To make a robot g...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
292 Views
14 Pages

25 January 2017

User-centered design questions in gaze interfaces have been explored in multitude empirical investigations. Interestingly, the question of what eye should be the input device has never been studied. We compared tracking accuracy between the “cyclopea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
314 Views
14 Pages

A Single-Camera Gaze Tracking System Under Natural Light

  • Feng Xiao,
  • Dandan Zheng,
  • Kejie Huang,
  • Yue Qiu and
  • Haibin Shen

20 October 2018

Gaze tracking is a human-computer interaction technology, and it has been widely studied in the academic and industrial fields. However, constrained by the performance of the specific sensors and algorithms, it has not been popularized for everyone....

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,499 Views
17 Pages

8 June 2022

The problem of 3D gaze estimation can be viewed as inferring the visual axes from eye images. It remains a challenge especially for the head-mounted gaze tracker (HMGT) with a simple camera setup due to the complexity of the human visual system. Alth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,574 Views
15 Pages

Gaze Tracking Using an Unmodified Web Camera and Convolutional Neural Network

  • Mohd Faizan Ansari,
  • Pawel Kasprowski and
  • Marcin Obetkal

29 September 2021

Gaze estimation plays a significant role in understating human behavior and in human–computer interaction. Currently, there are many methods accessible for gaze estimation. However, most approaches need additional hardware for data acquisition which...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
7,554 Views
28 Pages

High-Accuracy Gaze Estimation for Interpolation-Based Eye-Tracking Methods

  • Fabricio Batista Narcizo,
  • Fernando Eustáquio Dantas dos Santos and
  • Dan Witzner Hansen

15 September 2021

This study investigates the influence of the eye-camera location associated with the accuracy and precision of interpolation-based eye-tracking methods. Several factors can negatively influence gaze estimation methods when building a commercial or of...

  • Review
  • Open Access
70 Citations
15,632 Views
42 Pages

3 July 2020

The automatic detection of eye positions, their temporal consistency, and their mapping into a line of sight in the real world (to find where a person is looking at) is reported in the scientific literature as gaze tracking. This has become a very ho...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
470 Views
26 Pages

Probabilistic Approach to Robust Wearable Gaze Tracking

  • Miika Toivanen,
  • Kristian Lukander and
  • Kai Puolamäki

8 November 2017

This paper presents a method for computing the gaze point using camera data captured with a wearable gaze tracking device. The method utilizes a physical model of the human eye, advanced Bayesian computer vision algorithms, and Kalman filtering, resu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
433 Views
8 Pages

Purpose: To investigate the usefulness and efficacy of a novel eye-tracking device that can objectively measure nine gaze-directions. Methods: We measured each of the nine gaze-directions subjectively, using a conventional Hess screen test, and objec...

  • Review
  • Open Access
23 Citations
13,026 Views
40 Pages

Remote Eye Gaze Tracking Research: A Comparative Evaluation on Past and Recent Progress

  • Ibrahim Shehi Shehu,
  • Yafei Wang,
  • Athuman Mohamed Athuman and
  • Xianping Fu

19 December 2021

Several decades of eye related research has shown how valuable eye gaze data are for applications that are essential to human daily life. Eye gaze data in a broad sense has been used in research and systems for eye movements, eye tracking, and eye ga...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
6,984 Views
22 Pages

Empirical Study on Designing of Gaze Tracking Camera Based on the Information of User’s Head Movement

  • Weiyuan Pan,
  • Dongwook Jung,
  • Hyo Sik Yoon,
  • Dong Eun Lee,
  • Rizwan Ali Naqvi,
  • Kwan Woo Lee and
  • Kang Ryoung Park

31 August 2016

Gaze tracking is the technology that identifies a region in space that a user is looking at. Most previous non-wearable gaze tracking systems use a near-infrared (NIR) light camera with an NIR illuminator. Based on the kind of camera lens used, the v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,200 Views
21 Pages

Implementing a Gaze Tracking Algorithm for Improving Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

  • Agapito Ledezma,
  • Víctor Zamora,
  • Óscar Sipele,
  • M. Paz Sesmero and
  • Araceli Sanchis

Car accidents are one of the top ten causes of death and are produced mainly by driver distractions. ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) can warn the driver of dangerous scenarios, improving road safety, and reducing the number of traffic accid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
508 Views
20 Pages

An Easy Iris Center Detection Method for Eye Gaze Tracking System

  • Mingxin Yu,
  • Yingzi Lin,
  • David Schmidt,
  • Xiaoying Tang,
  • Xiangzhou Wang,
  • Jing Xu and
  • Yikang Guo
J. Eye Mov. Res.2015, 8(3), 1-20;https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.8.3.5 
(registering DOI)

23 October 2015

Iris center detection accuracy has great impact on eye gaze tracking system performance. This paper proposes an easy and efficient iris center detection method based on modeling the geometric relationship between the detected rough iris center and th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,892 Views
21 Pages

25 June 2022

The head-mounted eye-tracking technology is often used to manipulate the motion of servo platform in remote tasks, so as to achieve visual aiming of servo platform, which is a highly integrated human-computer interaction effect. However, it is diffic...

  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
5,245 Views
28 Pages

Recent Progress on Eye-Tracking and Gaze Estimation for AR/VR Applications: A Review

  • Liwan Lin,
  • Zongyu Wu,
  • Yijun Lu,
  • Zhong Chen and
  • Weijie Guo

22 August 2025

Visual information is crucial in human life, not only providing critical support for communication, learning, and decision-making, but also playing a key role in psychology, medicine, and science. Eye-tracking and gaze estimation have promoted the de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,358 Views
15 Pages

Eye-tracking technology can assist researchers in understanding motivational decision-making and choice processes by analysing consumers’ gaze behaviour. Previous studies showed that attention is related to decision, as the preferred stimulus i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,648 Views
24 Pages

Analyzing Gaze During Driving: Should Eye Tracking Be Used to Design Automotive Lighting Functions?

  • Korbinian Kunst,
  • David Hoffmann,
  • Anıl Erkan,
  • Karina Lazarova and
  • Tran Quoc Khanh

In this work, an experiment was designed in which a defined route consisting of country roads, highways, and urban roads was driven by 20 subjects during the day and at night. The test vehicle was equipped with GPS and a camera, and the subject wore...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,009 Views
14 Pages

Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field

  • Chiara Capparini,
  • Michelle P. S. To,
  • Clément Dardenne and
  • Vincent M. Reid

14 January 2023

Most well-established eye-tracking research paradigms adopt remote systems, which typically feature regular flat screens of limited width. Limitations of current eye-tracking methods over a wide area include calibration, the significant loss of data...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,635 Views
32 Pages

Gaze Tracking and Point Estimation Using Low-Cost Head-Mounted Devices

  • Ko-Feng Lee,
  • Yen-Lin Chen,
  • Chao-Wei Yu,
  • Kai-Yi Chin and
  • Chen-Han Wu

30 March 2020

In this study, a head-mounted device was developed to track the gaze of the eyes and estimate the gaze point on the user’s visual plane. To provide a cost-effective vision tracking solution, this head-mounted device is combined with a sized end...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
9,879 Views
21 Pages

18 January 2021

In this study, for the application of visible-light wearable eye trackers, a pupil tracking methodology based on deep-learning technology is developed. By applying deep-learning object detection technology based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
7,274 Views
20 Pages

Compensation Method of Natural Head Movement for Gaze Tracking System Using an Ultrasonic Sensor for Distance Measurement

  • Dongwook Jung,
  • Jong Man Lee,
  • Su Yeong Gwon,
  • Weiyuan Pan,
  • Hyeon Chang Lee,
  • Kang Ryoung Park and
  • Hyun-Cheol Kim

16 January 2016

Most gaze tracking systems are based on the pupil center corneal reflection (PCCR) method using near infrared (NIR) illuminators. One advantage of the PCCR method is the high accuracy it achieves in gaze tracking because it compensates for the pupil...

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,049 Views
11 Pages

Gaze-Contingent Eye-Tracking Training in Brain Disorders: A Systematic Review

  • Laura Carelli,
  • Federica Solca,
  • Sofia Tagini,
  • Silvia Torre,
  • Federico Verde,
  • Nicola Ticozzi,
  • Roberta Ferrucci,
  • Gabriella Pravettoni,
  • Edoardo Nicolò Aiello and
  • Vincenzo Silani
  • + 1 author

Eye movement abnormalities in association with cognitive and emotional deficits have been described in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Eye-Tracking (ET) techniques could therefore enhance cognitive interventions by contin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,238 Views
17 Pages

Presenting a Human Pupil Orbit Model (HPOM) for Eye-Gaze Tracking

  • Seungbong Lee,
  • Jaehoon Jeong,
  • Daechang Kim and
  • Sungmin Kim

11 August 2022

Eye tracking technology has been continuously researched for application in various fields. In the past, studies have been conducted to interpret eye movements in 3D space in order to solve the problem of not being able to find the centre of rotation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
510 Views
15 Pages

Eye-tracking technology is increasingly introduced in museums to assess their role in learning and knowledge transfer. However, their use provide limited quantitative and/or qualitative measures such as viewing time and/or gaze trajectory on an isola...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,093 Views
18 Pages

Implementation of Kiosk-Type System Based on Gaze Tracking for Objective Visual Function Examination

  • Jungho Kim,
  • Youngkeun Lee,
  • Seunghyun Lee,
  • Seunghun Kim and
  • Soonchul Kwon

28 February 2022

To demonstrate that the near-point-of-convergence (npc) examination is performed subjectively, the visual fixation and four-prism diopter (Δ) base-out (BO) examinations can be conducted with a kiosk-type objective examination method based on ga...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,438 Views
9 Pages

Improving Performance of the Human Pupil Orbit Model (HPOM) Estimation Method for Eye-Gaze Tracking

  • Seungbong Lee,
  • Jaehoon Jeong,
  • Nahyun Kim,
  • Manjae Shin and
  • Sungmin Kim

2 December 2022

Eye-gaze direction-tracking technology is used in fields such as medicine, education, engineering, and gaming. Stability, accuracy, and precision of eye-gaze direction-tracking are demanded with simultaneous upgrades in response speed. In this study,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,297 Views
18 Pages

The Effect of Different Deep Network Architectures upon CNN-Based Gaze Tracking

  • Hui-Hui Chen,
  • Bor-Jiunn Hwang,
  • Jung-Shyr Wu and
  • Po-Ting Liu

19 May 2020

In this paper, we explore the effect of using different convolutional layers, batch normalization and the global average pooling layer upon a convolutional neural network (CNN) based gaze tracking system. A novel method is proposed to label the parti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
821 Views
13 Pages

This study investigated the effectiveness of visual strategies in guiding gaze behavior and attention on Yi graphic symbols using eye-tracking. Four strategies, color brightness, layering, line guidance, and size variation, were tested with 34 Thai p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
5,634 Views
18 Pages

31 August 2018

We introduce a two-stream model to use reflexive eye movements for smart mobile device authentication. Our model is based on two pre-trained neural networks, iTracker and PredNet, targeting two independent tasks: (i) gaze tracking and (ii) future fra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
10,191 Views
17 Pages

12 May 2014

This paper investigates the possibility of accurately detecting and tracking human gaze by using an unconstrained and noninvasive approach based on the head pose information extracted by an RGB-D device. The main advantages of the proposed solution a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,075 Views
11 Pages

Pupil Response in Visual Tracking Tasks: The Impacts of Task Load, Familiarity, and Gaze Position

  • Yun Wu,
  • Zhongshi Zhang,
  • Yao Zhang,
  • Bin Zheng and
  • Farzad Aghazadeh

16 April 2024

Pupil size is a significant biosignal for human behavior monitoring and can reveal much underlying information. This study explored the effects of task load, task familiarity, and gaze position on pupil response during learning a visual tracking task...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,554 Views
28 Pages

Examination of Eye-Tracking, Head-Gaze, and Controller-Based Ray-Casting in TMT-VR: Performance and Usability Across Adulthood

  • Panagiotis Kourtesis,
  • Evgenia Giatzoglou,
  • Panagiotis Vorias,
  • Katerina Alkisti Gounari,
  • Eleni Orfanidou and
  • Chrysanthi Nega

Virtual reality (VR) can enrich neuropsychological testing, yet the ergonomic trade-offs of its input modes remain under-examined. Seventy-seven healthy volunteers—young (19–29 y) and middle-aged (35–56 y)—completed a VR Trail...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,943 Views
15 Pages

18 October 2022

With technological development and industrial transformation, the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, comprising architecture, engineering, and construction, has shifted from a traditional drawing-based design mode to a digita...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,123 Views
18 Pages

4 March 2021

In this paper, we propose a detection method for salient objects whose eyes are focused on gaze tracking; this method does not require a device in a single image. A network was constructed using Neg-Region Attention (NRA), which predicts objects with...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,178 Views
16 Pages

5 December 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and repetitive behaviors, often associated with atypical visual attention patterns. In this paper, the Gaze-Based Autism Classifier...

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