Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important for psychological analysis, medical diagnosis, driver assistance systems, and many other applications. Various gaze-tracking models have been established by previous researchers. However, ther...
Speller UI systems tend to be less accurate because of individual variation and the noise of EEG signals. Therefore, we propose a new method to combine the EEG signals and gaze-tracking. This research is novel in the following four aspects. First, tw...
In order to capture an eye image of high quality in a gaze-tracking camera, an auto-focusing mechanism is used, which requires accurate focus assessment. Although there has been previous research on focus assessment in the spatial or wavelet domains,...
Eye gaze interfaces are an emerging technology that allows users to control graphical user interfaces (GUIs) simply by looking at them. However, using gaze-controlled GUIs can be a demanding task, resulting in high cognitive and physical load and fat...
Gaze tracking is gaining relevance in collaborative robotics as a means to enhance human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive and non-verbal communication. This study explores the integration of human gaze into collaborative robotics by de...
Most conventional gaze-tracking systems require that users look at many points during the initial calibration stage, which is inconvenient for them. To avoid this requirement, we propose a new gaze-tracking method with four important characteristics....
Gaze tracking is basic research in the era of the Internet of Things. This study attempts to improve the performance of gaze tracking in an active infrared source gaze-tracking system. Owing to unavoidable noise interference, the estimated points of...
This paper proposes a lightweight gaze-tracking architecture named GhostBlock-Augmented Look to Coordinate Space (L2CS), which integrates GhostNet-based modules and depthwise separable convolution to achieve a better trade-off between model accuracy...
In order to improve the accuracy of gaze tracking in real-time, various attention mechanisms and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for dynamic continuous video frames are studied in-depth in the paper. A real-time gaze-tracking method (Spatiotem...
Tracking drivers’ eyes and gazes is a topic of great interest in the research of advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). It is especially a matter of serious discussion among the road safety researchers’ community, as visual distracti...
Recently, many studies have actively dealt with the issue of driver-gaze tracking for monitoring the forward gaze and physical condition. Driver-gaze tracking is an effective method of measuring a driver’s inattention that is one of the major causes...
Conventional gaze tracking systems are limited in cases where the user is wearing glasses because the glasses usually produce noise due to reflections caused by the gaze tracker’s lights. This makes it difficult to locate the pupil and the specular r...
The human eye gaze plays a vital role in monitoring people’s attention, and various efforts have been made to improve in-vehicle driver gaze tracking systems. Most of them build the specific gaze estimation model by pre-annotated data training...
We propose a new remote gaze tracking system as an intelligent TV interface. Our research is novel in the following three ways: first, because a user can sit at various positions in front of a large display, the capture volume of the gaze tracking sy...
When the magnitude of a gaze is too large, human beings change the orientation of their head or body to assist their eyes in tracking targets because saccade alone is insufficient to keep a target at the center region of the retina. To make a robot g...
User-centered design questions in gaze interfaces have been explored in multitude empirical investigations. Interestingly, the question of what eye should be the input device has never been studied. We compared tracking accuracy between the “cyclopea...
Gaze tracking is a human-computer interaction technology, and it has been widely studied in the academic and industrial fields. However, constrained by the performance of the specific sensors and algorithms, it has not been popularized for everyone....
In critical human/robotic interactions such as, e.g., teleoperation by a disabled master or with insufficient bandwidth, it is highly desirable to have semi-autonomous robotic artifacts interact with a human being. Semi-autonomous grasping, for insta...
The problem of 3D gaze estimation can be viewed as inferring the visual axes from eye images. It remains a challenge especially for the head-mounted gaze tracker (HMGT) with a simple camera setup due to the complexity of the human visual system. Alth...
Gaze estimation plays a significant role in understating human behavior and in human–computer interaction. Currently, there are many methods accessible for gaze estimation. However, most approaches need additional hardware for data acquisition which...
This study investigates the influence of the eye-camera location associated with the accuracy and precision of interpolation-based eye-tracking methods. Several factors can negatively influence gaze estimation methods when building a commercial or of...
The automatic detection of eye positions, their temporal consistency, and their mapping into a line of sight in the real world (to find where a person is looking at) is reported in the scientific literature as gaze tracking. This has become a very ho...
This paper presents a method for computing the gaze point using camera data captured with a wearable gaze tracking device. The method utilizes a physical model of the human eye, advanced Bayesian computer vision algorithms, and Kalman filtering, resu...
Purpose: To investigate the usefulness and efficacy of a novel eye-tracking device that can objectively measure nine gaze-directions. Methods: We measured each of the nine gaze-directions subjectively, using a conventional Hess screen test, and objec...
Several decades of eye related research has shown how valuable eye gaze data are for applications that are essential to human daily life. Eye gaze data in a broad sense has been used in research and systems for eye movements, eye tracking, and eye ga...
Gaze tracking is the technology that identifies a region in space that a user is looking at. Most previous non-wearable gaze tracking systems use a near-infrared (NIR) light camera with an NIR illuminator. Based on the kind of camera lens used, the v...
Car accidents are one of the top ten causes of death and are produced mainly by driver distractions. ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) can warn the driver of dangerous scenarios, improving road safety, and reducing the number of traffic accid...
23 October 2015
Iris center detection accuracy has great impact on eye gaze tracking system performance. This paper proposes an easy and efficient iris center detection method based on modeling the geometric relationship between the detected rough iris center and th...
The head-mounted eye-tracking technology is often used to manipulate the motion of servo platform in remote tasks, so as to achieve visual aiming of servo platform, which is a highly integrated human-computer interaction effect. However, it is diffic...
Visual information is crucial in human life, not only providing critical support for communication, learning, and decision-making, but also playing a key role in psychology, medicine, and science. Eye-tracking and gaze estimation have promoted the de...
Eye-tracking technology can assist researchers in understanding motivational decision-making and choice processes by analysing consumers’ gaze behaviour. Previous studies showed that attention is related to decision, as the preferred stimulus i...
In this work, an experiment was designed in which a defined route consisting of country roads, highways, and urban roads was driven by 20 subjects during the day and at night. The test vehicle was equipped with GPS and a camera, and the subject wore...
Most well-established eye-tracking research paradigms adopt remote systems, which typically feature regular flat screens of limited width. Limitations of current eye-tracking methods over a wide area include calibration, the significant loss of data...
In this study, a head-mounted device was developed to track the gaze of the eyes and estimate the gaze point on the user’s visual plane. To provide a cost-effective vision tracking solution, this head-mounted device is combined with a sized end...
In this study, for the application of visible-light wearable eye trackers, a pupil tracking methodology based on deep-learning technology is developed. By applying deep-learning object detection technology based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model...
Most gaze tracking systems are based on the pupil center corneal reflection (PCCR) method using near infrared (NIR) illuminators. One advantage of the PCCR method is the high accuracy it achieves in gaze tracking because it compensates for the pupil...
Eye movement abnormalities in association with cognitive and emotional deficits have been described in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. Eye-Tracking (ET) techniques could therefore enhance cognitive interventions by contin...
Eye tracking technology has been continuously researched for application in various fields. In the past, studies have been conducted to interpret eye movements in 3D space in order to solve the problem of not being able to find the centre of rotation...
Eye-tracking technology is increasingly introduced in museums to assess their role in learning and knowledge transfer. However, their use provide limited quantitative and/or qualitative measures such as viewing time and/or gaze trajectory on an isola...
To demonstrate that the near-point-of-convergence (npc) examination is performed subjectively, the visual fixation and four-prism diopter (Δ) base-out (BO) examinations can be conducted with a kiosk-type objective examination method based on ga...
Eye-gaze direction-tracking technology is used in fields such as medicine, education, engineering, and gaming. Stability, accuracy, and precision of eye-gaze direction-tracking are demanded with simultaneous upgrades in response speed. In this study,...
In this paper, we explore the effect of using different convolutional layers, batch normalization and the global average pooling layer upon a convolutional neural network (CNN) based gaze tracking system. A novel method is proposed to label the parti...
This study investigated the effectiveness of visual strategies in guiding gaze behavior and attention on Yi graphic symbols using eye-tracking. Four strategies, color brightness, layering, line guidance, and size variation, were tested with 34 Thai p...
We introduce a two-stream model to use reflexive eye movements for smart mobile device authentication. Our model is based on two pre-trained neural networks, iTracker and PredNet, targeting two independent tasks: (i) gaze tracking and (ii) future fra...
This paper investigates the possibility of accurately detecting and tracking human gaze by using an unconstrained and noninvasive approach based on the head pose information extracted by an RGB-D device. The main advantages of the proposed solution a...
Pupil size is a significant biosignal for human behavior monitoring and can reveal much underlying information. This study explored the effects of task load, task familiarity, and gaze position on pupil response during learning a visual tracking task...
Virtual reality (VR) can enrich neuropsychological testing, yet the ergonomic trade-offs of its input modes remain under-examined. Seventy-seven healthy volunteers—young (19–29 y) and middle-aged (35–56 y)—completed a VR Trail...
With technological development and industrial transformation, the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry, comprising architecture, engineering, and construction, has shifted from a traditional drawing-based design mode to a digita...
In this paper, we propose a detection method for salient objects whose eyes are focused on gaze tracking; this method does not require a device in a single image. A network was constructed using Neg-Region Attention (NRA), which predicts objects with...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and repetitive behaviors, often associated with atypical visual attention patterns. In this paper, the Gaze-Based Autism Classifier...
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