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69 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,199 Views
14 Pages

28 January 2025

Rubber tires are fundamental components of modern society and industrial operations, holding an irreplaceable position in the global manufacturing and transportation sectors. The potential for traditional rubber tires to enhance performance is gradua...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,582 Views
17 Pages

Fully Bio-Based Elastomer Nanocomposites Comprising Polyfarnesene Reinforced with Plasma-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals

  • Ilse Magaña,
  • Dimitrios Georgouvelas,
  • Rishab Handa,
  • María Guadalupe Neira Velázquez,
  • Héctor Ricardo López González,
  • Francisco Javier Enríquez Medrano,
  • Ramón Díaz de León and
  • Luis Valencia

21 August 2021

This article proposes a process to prepare fully bio-based elastomer nanocomposites based on polyfarnesene and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). To improve the compatibility of cellulose with the hydrophobic matrix of polyfarnesene, the surface of CNC wa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,275 Views
19 Pages

30 April 2021

Bio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
10,973 Views
26 Pages

Recent Developments in Synthesis, Properties, Applications and Recycling of Bio-Based Elastomers

  • Manuel Burelo,
  • Araceli Martínez,
  • Josué David Hernández-Varela,
  • Thomas Stringer,
  • Monserrat Ramírez-Melgarejo,
  • Alice Y. Yau,
  • Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas and
  • Cecilia D. Treviño-Quintanilla

12 January 2024

In 2021, global plastics production was 390.7 Mt; in 2022, it was 400.3 Mt, showing an increase of 2.4%, and this rising tendency will increase yearly. Of this data, less than 2% correspond to bio-based plastics. Currently, polymers, including elasto...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,725 Views
20 Pages

13 September 2022

Faced with growing global demand for new potent, bio-based, biocompatible elastomers, the present study reports the solvent-free production of 13 pure and derived poly(glycerol-co-diacid) composite sheets exclusively using itaconic acid, sebacic acid...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,076 Views
20 Pages

3 January 2023

This work concerns the waste management method of algae biomass wastes (ABW). For this purpose, we prepared bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (bio-TPU) composites. Algae biomass wastes are derived from algal oil extraction of Chlorella v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
9,445 Views
19 Pages

Preparation of Bio-Based Polyamide Elastomer by Using Green Plasticizers

  • Miaomiao He,
  • Zhao Wang,
  • Runguo Wang,
  • Liqun Zhang and
  • Qingxiu Jia

14 July 2016

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of three green plasticizers H2O, glycerol, and soybean oil, on the properties of bio-based BDIS polyamides. The BDIS polyamides synthesized from the following biomass monomers: 1,4-butanediamine (BD),...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
9,491 Views
15 Pages

9 December 2017

Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) combines the high elasticity of elastomers and excellent processability of thermoplastics. Novel bio-based TPV based on poly (lactide) (PLA) and poly (1,4-butanediol/2,3-butanediol/succinate/itaconic acid) (PBBSI) were...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,470 Views
17 Pages

24 November 2020

In response to increasingly stringent requirements for the sustainability and environmental friendliness of the rubber industry, the application and development of bio-based elastomers have received extensive attention. In this work, we prepared a ne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
7,561 Views
13 Pages

Fabrication and Properties of a Bio-Based Biodegradable Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer

  • Zhaoshan Wang,
  • Jieqiong Yan,
  • Tongyao Wang,
  • Yingying Zai,
  • Liyan Qiu and
  • Qingguo Wang

2 July 2019

Using the melt polycondensation of five bio-based aliphatic monomers (succinic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol), we first synthesized the more flexible and biodegradable polyester diols (BPD) with an average mole...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,758 Views
17 Pages

20 December 2024

A fully bio-based polyester polyol based on isosorbide (ISB) and dimer fatty acid (DA) was synthesized through esterification. An ISB-based polyester polyol (DIS) was developed to synthesize a bio-based polyurethane elastomer (PUE) with enhanced mech...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,745 Views
18 Pages

26 March 2023

This paper aims to compare the performance of two Hytrel-like segmented copolymers: “classic” PBT-b-PTMG and fully bio-based PBF-b-PTMG, containing poly(butylene furanoate) as the rigid segment. The idea behind this research is to assess...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
650 Views
19 Pages

Terpene-Derived Bioelastomers for Advanced Vulcanized Rubbers and High-Impact Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene

  • Ilse Magaña,
  • José Luis González Zapata,
  • Hened Saade,
  • Teresa Córdova,
  • Adali Castañeda Facio,
  • José Alejandro Díaz Elizondo,
  • Luis Valencia,
  • Héctor Ricardo López-González and
  • Ramón Díaz de León

24 September 2025

The increasing demand for sustainable materials has propelled the development of bio-based elastomers derived from renewable terpenes. This study presents the synthesis of high-cis poly(butadiene-co-terpene) copolymers using coordination chain transf...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,833 Views
14 Pages

17 November 2019

A novel elastomer poly(diethyl itaconate-co-butyl acrylate-co-ethyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PDEBEG) was designed and synthesized by redox emulsion polymerization based on bio-based diethyl itaconate, butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and gl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
3,378 Views
17 Pages

6 April 2021

Due to the current trends in sustainable development and the reduction in the use of fossil fuels (Green Deal strategy and the circular economy), and thus, the increased interest of the polyurethane industry in polyols derived from renewable sources,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,697 Views
22 Pages

17 September 2023

Currently, the growing demand for polymeric materials has led to an increased need to develop effective recycling methods. This study focuses on the multiple processing of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs) as a sustainable ap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,928 Views
20 Pages

5 October 2021

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to provide electrical conductivity to bio-based polymer blends with improved toughness (based on commercially available Pebax thermoplastic elastomers and bio-based polyamide 4,10). A preliminary study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
2,980 Views
14 Pages

16 June 2023

Polylactic acid has stood out among bio-based polymers for its usage in the food packaging industry and biomedical fields. Through the melt mixing process, the toughened poly(lactic) acid (PLA) was prepared with polyolefin elastomer (POE), incorporat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
389 Views
28 Pages

19 February 2026

This study investigates how natural fillers of different origins and morphologies influence the structural, thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). Two series of materials were prepared: one based on a biob...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,792 Views
21 Pages

Bio-Based Pyrrole Compounds Containing Sulfur Atoms as Coupling Agents of Carbon Black with Unsaturated Elastomers

  • Gea Prioglio,
  • Simone Naddeo,
  • Ulrich Giese,
  • Vincenzina Barbera and
  • Maurizio Galimberti

14 October 2023

In this work, the hysteresis of elastomer composites suitable for tire compounds was reduced by using CB functionalized with pyrrole compounds containing sulfur-based functional groups reactive with the elastomer chains. CB was functionalized with bi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
6,966 Views
11 Pages

Renewable Polymers Derived from Limonene

  • Roman Aleksandrovich Lyubushkin,
  • Natalia Igorevna Cherkashina,
  • Dar’ya Vasil’yevna Pushkarskaya,
  • Dar’ya Sergeyevna Matveenko,
  • Alexander Sergeevich Shcherbakov and
  • Yuliya Sergeevna Ryzhkova

Renewable natural and synthetic basic substances can be used to produce biodegradable polymers. Several methods of the polymerization of terpene limonene have been evaluated. The polymerization methods evaluated are radical polymerization, cationic p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,657 Views
15 Pages

Self-Healing and Reprocessable Oleic Acid-Based Elastomer with Dynamic S-S Bonds as Solvent-Free Reusable Adhesive on Copper Surface

  • Luca Pettazzoni,
  • Francesca Leonelli,
  • Andrea Giacomo Marrani,
  • Luisa Maria Migneco,
  • Fabrizio Vetica,
  • Lorenzo Celio,
  • Valerio Napoleone,
  • Sara Alfano,
  • Andrea Colecchia and
  • Andrea Martinelli
  • + 2 authors

14 November 2022

In the last decade, the application of dynamic covalent chemistry in the field of polymeric materials has become the subject of an increasing number of studies, gaining applicative relevance. This is due to the fact that polymers containing dynamic f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,204 Views
18 Pages

The Thermal and Mechanical Performance of Leather Waste-Filled Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

  • Sara Naderizadeh,
  • Anna Faggionato,
  • Muhammad Umar Nazir,
  • Rosario Mascolo,
  • Mohammad Mahbubul Hassan,
  • Emiliano Bilotti and
  • James J. C. Busfield

27 April 2025

The leather tanning industry generates a substantial quantity of solid waste, which, in part, is discarded in the environment in landfills or incinerated. One alternative end-of-life solution is to manufacture engineered materials by forming composit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,399 Views
14 Pages

30 July 2024

Aging of polymers is a natural process that occurs during their usage and storage. Predicting the lifetime of polymers is a crucial aspect that should be considered at the design stage. In this paper, a series of bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether-ur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
6,366 Views
16 Pages

Influence of Bio-Based Plasticizers on the Properties of NBR Materials

  • Md Mahbubur Rahman,
  • Katja Oßwald,
  • Katrin Reincke and
  • Beate Langer

1 May 2020

A high number of technical elastomer products contain plasticizers for tailoring material properties. Some additives used as plasticizers pose a health risk or have inadequate material properties. Therefore, research is going on in this field to find...

  • Review
  • Open Access
65 Citations
10,490 Views
25 Pages

Review on the Impact of Polyols on the Properties of Bio-Based Polyesters

  • Kening Lang,
  • Regina J. Sánchez-Leija,
  • Richard A. Gross and
  • Robert J. Linhardt

12 December 2020

Bio-based polyol polyesters are biodegradable elastomers having potential utility in soft tissue engineering. This class of polymers can serve a wide range of biomedical applications. Materials based on these polymers are inherently susceptible to de...

  • Review
  • Open Access
240 Citations
25,369 Views
21 Pages

Lignin-Based Polyurethanes: Opportunities for Bio-Based Foams, Elastomers, Coatings and Adhesives

  • Mona Alinejad,
  • Christián Henry,
  • Saeid Nikafshar,
  • Akash Gondaliya,
  • Sajad Bagheri,
  • Nusheng Chen,
  • Sandip K. Singh,
  • David B. Hodge and
  • Mojgan Nejad

18 July 2019

Polyurethane chemistry can yield diverse sets of polymeric materials exhibiting a wide range of properties for various applications and market segments. Utilizing lignin as a polyol presents an opportunity to incorporate a currently underutilized ren...

  • Review
  • Open Access
28 Citations
7,394 Views
37 Pages

8 September 2023

Polyurethane elastomer (PUE), which is widely used in coatings for construction, transportation, electronics, aerospace, and other fields, has excellent physical properties. However, polyurethane elastomers are flammable, which limits their daily use...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,440 Views
19 Pages

Improvement of Impact Strength of Polylactide Blends with a Thermoplastic Elastomer Compatibilized with Biobased Maleinized Linseed Oil for Applications in Rigid Packaging

  • Ramon Tejada-Oliveros,
  • Rafael Balart,
  • Juan Ivorra-Martinez,
  • Jaume Gomez-Caturla,
  • Nestor Montanes and
  • Luis Quiles-Carrillo

5 January 2021

This research work reports the potential of maleinized linseed oil (MLO) as biobased compatibilizer in polylactide (PLA) and a thermoplastic elastomer, namely, polystyrene-b-(ethylene-ran-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) blends (PLA/SEBS), with improved im...

  • Review
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,024 Views
15 Pages

While the traditional rubber industry faces the severe pressure of environmental pollution and carbon emissions, bio-based and biodegradable elastomers have become a hot topic in the field and drawn intensive research interest. Inspired by polyester...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,629 Views
20 Pages

Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties

  • Konrad Walkowiak,
  • Izabela Irska,
  • Agata Zubkiewicz,
  • Zbigniew Rozwadowski and
  • Sandra Paszkiewicz

17 August 2021

The growing ecological awareness of society created the tendency to replace petrochemically based materials with alternative energy carriers and renewable raw materials. One of the most requested groups of polymer materials with significant technolog...

  • Review
  • Open Access
127 Citations
17,865 Views
27 Pages

11 June 2019

Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,011 Views
15 Pages

Synthesis of High-Value Bio-Based Polyamide 12,36 Microcellular Foams with Excellent Dimensional Stability and Shape Recovery Properties

  • Chin-Wen Chen,
  • Palraj Ranganathan,
  • Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani,
  • Jia-Wei Shiu,
  • Syang-Peng Rwei,
  • Yen-Hsiang Chang and
  • Fang-Chyou Chiu

4 January 2024

The search for alternatives to petroleum-based thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) has recently drawn great interest. In this study, a bio-massed TPAE, PA12,36, was synthesized using 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA) and fatty dimer acid (FDA, Pripol...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
12,606 Views
16 Pages

5 March 2015

Novel bio-based aliphatic copolyesters, poly(lactic acid-co-10-hydroxy decanoate) (P(LA-co-HDA), PLH), were successfully synthesized from lactic acid (LA) and 10-hydroxycapric acid (HDA) by a thermal polycondensation process, in the presence of p-t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,509 Views
20 Pages

28 January 2020

The aim of this paper is to extend knowledge on biobased poly(butylene furanoate)–block–poly (ethylene oxide) (PBF-b-PEO) copolymers’ performance by studying the effect of the PEO segment’s molecular weight on the microstructu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
9,264 Views
15 Pages

10 February 2012

Methyl epoxyricinoleate was prepared in high yield by the lipase-catalyzed epoxidation of methyl ricinoleate with H2O2. A high molecular weight polyepoxyricinoleate (PER) with a maximum weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 272,000 was enzymaticall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
8,351 Views
19 Pages

19 June 2012

Novel polyester-type thermoplastic elastomers based on poly(alkylene succinate)s were synthesized by the lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of cyclic diol/succinate oligomer and cyclic diol/alkylthiosuccinate oligomer. These copolymers exhibited biode...

  • Review
  • Open Access
5 Citations
6,633 Views
38 Pages

Rubber-Based Sustainable Textiles and Potential Industrial Applications

  • Bapan Adak,
  • Upashana Chatterjee and
  • Mangala Joshi

This review explores the evolving landscape of sustainable textile manufacturing, with a focus on rubber-based materials for various industrial applications. The textile and rubber industries are shifting towards eco-friendly practices, driven by env...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,034 Views
15 Pages

17 October 2025

A series of PTT-b-PTMG copolyesters was synthesized via direct esterification followed by melt polycondensation using purified terephthalic acid (PTA), bio-based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) of varying molecular weigh...

  • Review
  • Open Access
46 Citations
12,955 Views
26 Pages

13 December 2023

Today, plastic materials are mostly made from fossil resources, and they are characterized by their long lifetime and pronounced persistence in the open environment. These attributes of plastics are one cause of the ubiquitous pollution we see in our...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,777 Views
12 Pages

12 October 2024

Superhydrophobic coatings have great potential to mitigate ice accumulation and ice adhesion issues due to their outstanding water-repellent and self-cleaning characteristics. In the present study, polyurethane elastomer (PUE) is considered a superhy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,589 Views
16 Pages

Fused Filament Fabrication of Bio-Based Polyether-Block-Amide Polymers (PEBAX) and Their Related Properties

  • Matthias Schär,
  • Lucian Zweifel,
  • Delal Arslan,
  • Stefan Grieder,
  • Christoph Maurer and
  • Christian Brauner

23 November 2022

This paper describes the application of poly(ether-block-amide) polymers, so-called Pebax, in fused filament fabrication (FFF). Pebax® is a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), a copolymer based on rigid polyamide and soft polyether blocks. By variatio...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,030 Views
14 Pages

28 March 2020

In this work, a bio-based copolyester with good mechanical properties was synthesized and characterized in terms of structure, main properties and biodegradability Determining the chemical structure of such materials is important to understand their...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,479 Views
13 Pages

18 March 2019

Polyurethane (PU) is a versatile polymer used in a wide range of applications. Recently, imparting PU with self-healing properties has attracted much interest to improve the product durability. The self-healing mechanism conceivably occurs through th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
5,142 Views
12 Pages

14 January 2022

Dielectric elastomer (DE) sensors have been widely used in a wide variety of applications, such as in robotic hands, wearable sensors, rehabilitation devices, etc. A unique dielectric elastomer-based multimodal capacitive sensor has been developed to...

  • Review
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,633 Views
29 Pages

Printed electronics employ established printing methods to create low-cost, mechanically flexible devices including batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, antennas and RFID tags on plastic, paper and textile substrates. This review focuses on the speci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,117 Views
16 Pages

12 October 2022

Fully biobased polylactide (PLA)/polyamide-11 (PA11) blends were prepared by melt mixing with an elastomer intermediate phase to address the low elasticity and brittleness of PLA blends. The incorporation of a biobased elastomer made of poly(butylene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,876 Views
17 Pages

20 March 2023

The development of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has been stimulated as an alternative to solvent-based polyurethanes due to low-VOC alternatives and reduced exposure to solvents. However, their relatively low mechanical performance and degradation h...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,437 Views
19 Pages

13 September 2021

Renewable polymers with self-healing ability, excellent elongation, hydrophobicity, and selective oil absorption attributes are of interest for an extensive range of applications, such as e-skin, soft robots, wearable devices, and cleaning up oil spi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
958 Views
34 Pages

A Comprehensive Review of Lubricant Behavior in Internal Combustion, Hybrid, and Electric Vehicles: Thermal Demands, Electrical Constraints, and Material Effects

  • Subin Antony Jose,
  • Erick Perez-Perez,
  • Terrence D. Silva,
  • Kaden Syme,
  • Zane Westom,
  • Aidan Willis and
  • Pradeep L. Menezes

28 December 2025

The global transition from internal combustion engines (ICEs) to hybrid (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) is fundamentally reshaping lubricant design requirements, driven by evolving thermal demands, electrical constraints, and material compatibilit...

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