Gaze, as a sole input modality must support complex navigation and selection tasks. Gaze interaction combines specific eye movements and graphic display objects (GDOs). This paper suggests a unifying taxonomy of gaze interaction principles. The taxon...
Research on Virtual Reality (VR) interfaces for distant object interaction has been carried out to improve user experience. Since hand-only interfaces and gaze-only interfaces have limitations such as physical fatigue or restricted usage, VR interact...
It is still unknown whether the very application of gaze for interaction has effects on cognitive strategies users employ and how these effects materialize. We conducted a between-subject experiment in which thirty-six participants interacted with a...
In gaze-based Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), it is important to determine human visual intention for interacting with robots. One typical HRI interaction scenario is that a human selects an object by gaze and a robotic manipulator will pick up the ob...
This paper presents ITap, a novel interaction method utilizing hand tracking to create a virtual touchpad on a tabletop. ITap facilitates touch interactions such as tapping, dragging, and swiping using the index finger. The technique combines gaze-ba...
29 September 2014
Teleoperation has been widely used to perform tasks in dangerous and unreachable environments by replacing humans with controlled agents. The idea of human-robot interaction (HRI) is very important in teleoperation. Conventional HRI input devices inc...
With the increasing need for eye tracking in head-mounted virtual reality displays, the gaze-based modality has the potential to predict user intention and unlock intuitive new interaction schemes. In the present work, we explore whether gaze-based d...
Gaze is an externally observable indicator of human visual attention, and thus, recording the gaze position can help to solve many problems. Existing gaze estimation models typically utilize separate neural network branches to process data streams fr...
Eye tracking technology is now mature enough to be exploited in various areas of human–computer interaction. In this paper, we consider the use of gaze-based communication in museums and exhibitions, to make the visitor experience more engaging...
This research proposes a gaze pointer-based user interface to provide user-oriented interaction suitable for the virtual reality environment on mobile platforms. For this purpose, a mobile platform-based three-dimensional interactive content is produ...
With the spread of eyewear devices, people are increasingly using information devices in various everyday situations. In these situations, it is important for eyewear devices to have eye-based interaction functions for simple hands-free input at a lo...
Autonomous vehicles (AV) increasingly allow drivers to engage in secondary tasks such as eating or working on a laptop and thus require easy and reliable interaction inputs to facilitate communication between the driver and the vehicle. However, driv...
12 May 2021
Use of eye-gaze assistive technology (EGAT) provides children/youths with severe motor and speech impairments communication opportunities by using eyes to control a communication interface on a computer. However, knowledge about how using EGAT contri...
With the increasing presence of robots in our daily lives, it is crucial to design interaction interfaces that are natural, easy to use and meaningful for robotic tasks. This is important not only to enhance the user experience but also to increase t...
User-centered design questions in gaze interfaces have been explored in multitude empirical investigations. Interestingly, the question of what eye should be the input device has never been studied. We compared tracking accuracy between the “cyclopea...
The modes of interaction (e.g., mouse and touch) between maps and users affect the effectiveness and efficiency of transmitting cartographic information. Recent advances in eye tracking technology have made eye trackers lighter, cheaper and more accu...
The impact of global population aging on older adults’ health and emotional well-being is examined in this study, emphasizing innovative technological solutions to address their diverse needs. Changes in physical and mental functions due to agi...
In this paper, we introduce novel techniques for distant object manipulation, named GazeRayHand and GazeRayHand2. The two techniques translate and rotate objects by using the gaze ray as a reference line and the hand position relative to the gaze ray...
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is an extreme fear of underperformance in various social situations. It is necessary to detect people with or without SAD for counseling and treatment. A few manual techniques in the existing literature show the possibil...
Control of robot arms is often required in engineering and can be performed by using different methods. This study examined and symmetrically compared the use of a controller, eye gaze tracker and a combination thereof in a multimodal setup for contr...
Gaze-based interactions have found their way into the games domain and are frequently employed as a means to support players in their activities. Instead of implementing gaze as an additional game feature via a game-centred approach, we propose a die...
Over the years, gaze input modality has been an easy and demanding human–computer interaction (HCI) method for various applications. The research of gaze-based interactive applications has advanced considerably, as HCIs are no longer constraine...
The current research landscape in ontology visualization has largely focused on tool development, yielding an extensive array of visualization tools. Although many existing solutions provide multiple ontology visualization layouts, there is limited r...
We report the results of an empirical study on gaze aversion during dyadic human-to-human conversation in an interview setting. To address various methodological challenges in assessing gaze-to-face contact, we followed an approach where the experime...
Since smooth pursuit eye movements can be used without calibration in spontaneous gaze interaction, the intuitiveness of the gaze interface design has been a topic of great interest in the human-computer interaction field. However, since most related...
Visual grounding aims to recognize and locate the target in the image according to human intention, which provides a new intelligent interaction idea and method for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices. However, existing vision lan...
31 May 2014
Despite its potential gaze interaction is still not a widely-used interaction concept. Major drawbacks as the calibration, strain of the eyes and the high number of false alarms are associated with gaze based interaction and limit its practicability...
Interactive feedback of interface elements and low level of spatial accuracy are two main key points for the interaction research in the Eye-computer interaction system. This study tried to solve these two problems from the perspective of human–compu...
Human–computer interaction (HCI) is a multidisciplinary field that investigates the interactions between humans and computer systems. HCI has facilitated the development of various digital technologies that aim to deliver optimal user experienc...
This study proposed a gaze-controlled method for visualization, navigation, and retrofitting of large point cloud data (PCD), produced by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) mounted with laser range-scanners. For this purpose, the estimated human gaze poi...
19 March 2015
Gaze-based text spellers have proved useful for people with severe motor diseases, but lack acceptance in general human-computer interaction. In order to use gaze spellers for public displays, they need to be robust and provide an intuitive interacti...
Bi-directional gaze-based communication offers an intuitive and natural way for users to interact with systems. This approach utilizes the user’s gaze not only to communicate intent but also to obtain feedback, which promotes mutual understandi...
Gaze estimation plays a significant role in understating human behavior and in human–computer interaction. Currently, there are many methods accessible for gaze estimation. However, most approaches need additional hardware for data acquisition which...
Gaze tracking is gaining relevance in collaborative robotics as a means to enhance human–machine interaction by enabling intuitive and non-verbal communication. This study explores the integration of human gaze into collaborative robotics by de...
Gaze input, i.e., information input via eye of users, represents a promising method for contact- free interaction in human-machine systems. In this paper, we present the GazeVending interface (GaVe), which lets users control actions on a display with...
Voice- and gaze-based hands-free input are increasingly used in human-machine interaction. Attempts to combine them into a hybrid technology typically employ the voice channel as an information-rich channel. Voice seems to be “overqualified&rdq...
Robots interacting with humans in assistive contexts have to be sensitive to human cognitive states to be able to provide help when it is needed and not overburden the human when the human is busy. Yet, it is currently still unclear which sensing mod...
Eye gaze can be a potentially fast and ergonomic method for target selection in augmented reality (AR). However, the eye-tracking accuracy of current consumer-level AR systems is limited. While state-of-the-art AR target selection techniques based on...
Eye gaze interfaces are an emerging technology that allows users to control graphical user interfaces (GUIs) simply by looking at them. However, using gaze-controlled GUIs can be a demanding task, resulting in high cognitive and physical load and fat...
For haptic interaction, a user in a virtual environment needs to interact with proxies attached to a robot. The device must be at the exact location defined in the virtual environment in time. However, due to device limitations, delays are always una...
This paper introduces a novel method that enables robots to identify objects based on user gaze, tracked via eye-tracking glasses. This is achieved without prior knowledge of the objects’ categories or their locations and without external marke...
This paper presents an eye gaze controlled projected display that can be used in aviation and automotive environment as a head up display. We have presented details of the hardware and software used in developing the display and an algorithm to impro...
Understanding users’ visual attention on websites is paramount to enhance the browsing experience, such as providing emergent information or dynamically adapting Web interfaces. Existing approaches to accomplish these challenges are generally b...
In the last decade, the number of postural studies in humans, in particular on deficits in postural control in patients, has increased. In the present article, we review studies on postural control with a particular focus on the role of foot and visu...
In gaze controlled computer interfaces the dwell time is often used as selection criterion. But this solution comes along with several problems, especially in the temporal domain: Eye movement studies on scene perception could demonstrate that fixati...
In the attempt to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 lockdown, most countries have recently authorized and promoted the adoption of e-learning and remote teaching technologies, often with the support of teleconferencing platforms. Unfortunately, not al...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs motor and communication abilities. Globally, the prevalence of ALS was estimated at approximately 222,800 cases in 2015 and is projected to increase by nea...
In recent years, innovative multiparty eye tracking setups have been introduced to synchronously capture eye movements of multiple individuals engaged in computer-mediated collaboration. Despite its great potential for studying cognitive processes wi...
Previous research has shown that exposure to Japanese gardens reduces physiological measures of stress, e.g. heart rate, in both healthy subjects and dementia patients. However, the correlation between subjects’ physiological responses an...
Gaze behavior is a critical component of social interaction, reflecting emotional recognition and social regulation. While previous research has emphasized either situational influences (e.g., deception) or stable individual differences (e.g., attach...
of 6