Skip to Content

118 Results Found

  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
284 Views
14 Pages

Digital Forest Bathing: A Systematic Review

  • Lilith Tersch,
  • Dennis Anheyer and
  • Thomas Ostermann

In recent years, forest bathing has gained popularity worldwide due to its many positive effects on health. In the face of increasing urbanization and limited access to natural forests, digital forest bathing is a promising alternative. Digital fores...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
14,848 Views
24 Pages

Forest Bathing Increases Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being: A Mixed-Methods Study

  • Jennifer Keller,
  • Jean Kayira,
  • Louise Chawla and
  • Jason L. Rhoades

Previous research has demonstrated that practicing forest bathing has significant positive effects on adult psychological well-being. Considering the ongoing adolescents’ mental health crisis of increasing anxiety and depression, determining wh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,038 Views
22 Pages

2 August 2024

The study aims to evaluate the demand for forest bathing in northern Italy’s regions, underlining the willingness to pay and the potential tourists’ habits and flows on attending alpine contexts. Several studies have analyzed the psychoph...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
15,906 Views
17 Pages

15 June 2021

The boundary between mindfulness and forest bathing, two conceptually related therapies, is unclear. Accordingly, this study reports the strengths and challenges, similarities and differences, and barriers and facilitators for both. Semi-structured i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
108 Citations
13,548 Views
12 Pages

The Salutary Influence of Forest Bathing on Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

  • Genxiang Mao,
  • Yongbao Cao,
  • Bozhong Wang,
  • Sanying Wang,
  • Zhuomei Chen,
  • Jirong Wang,
  • Wenmin Xing,
  • Xiaoxu Ren,
  • Xiaoling Lv and
  • Jing Yan
  • + 4 authors

Abstract: The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that forest bathing would be beneficial for elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) as an adjunctive therapy. Two groups of participants with CHF were simultaneously sent to...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,417 Views
25 Pages

Impacts of Forest Bathing (Shinrin-Yoku) in Female Participants with Depression/Depressive Tendencies

  • Qing Li,
  • Norimasa Takayama,
  • Masao Katsumata,
  • Hiroshi Takayama,
  • Yukako Kimura,
  • Shigeyoshi Kumeda,
  • Takashi Miura,
  • Tetsuya Ichimiya,
  • Ruei Tan and
  • Michiko Imai
  • + 4 authors

28 March 2025

Background: It has been reported that forest bathing significantly reduced negative emotions and increased the positive feelings in both healthy males and females, as well as increasing blood serotonin in healthy males, indicating the potential for a...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,232 Views
12 Pages

A Forest Bathing Intervention in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Feasibility Study Protocol

  • Elena Bermejo-Martins,
  • María Pueyo-Garrigues,
  • María Casas,
  • Raúl Bermejo-Orduna and
  • Ana Villarroya

Forest bathing practices benefit individuals’ physical and mental health. A growing number of published studies provide evidence of such effects in diverse populations and contexts. However, no literature has been found that evaluates the effec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,557 Views
10 Pages

Effects of Forest Bathing on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Older Adults in Mexico

  • María Guadalupe Garibay-Chávez,
  • Arturo Curiel-Ballesteros,
  • Javier García de Alba-García,
  • Miriam Borja-Arreola,
  • Daniela Moreno-Ramírez and
  • Eliana Santos-Zamora

19 July 2024

Currently, in cities in different regions of the world, forest bathing (FB) is considered a practice to promote public health in vulnerable groups, such as the elderly, who have a higher risk of hypertension. This practice has had limited development...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
3,882 Views
15 Pages

30 December 2022

Forest bathing is receiving increased attention due to its health benefits for humans. However, knowledge is scarce about the adjunctive therapeutic effects of forest bathing in different seasons on geriatric hypertension. The aim of the current stud...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
11,519 Views
17 Pages

10 February 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and include coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease, and other conditions, which are leading causes of global morbidity and mortal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
11,191 Views
16 Pages

The Effects of Dynamic and Static Forest Bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on Physiological and Psychological Health in Males and Females

  • Ye Wen,
  • Xinren Gu,
  • Wenping Deng,
  • Qin Zou,
  • Yuan Hu,
  • Qi Yan,
  • Yangliu Pan,
  • Zhaojie Wen,
  • Renhui Wan and
  • Mei He
  • + 2 authors

5 August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dynamic and static forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) on the physiological and psychological health of males and females. Dynamic pre-test and post-test forest bathing was performed on 11 participants (5 male...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,122 Views
16 Pages

Effect of Indoor Forest Bathing on Reducing Feelings of Fatigue Using Cerebral Activity as an Indicator

  • Chie Imamura,
  • Kiyomi Sakakibara,
  • Kyosuke Arai,
  • Hideki Ohira,
  • Yuhei Yamaguchi and
  • Hitoshi Yamada

We created an indoor forest bathing environment in a sunlight-type environmentally controlled chamber and both physiological and psychological measurements were conducted for the evaluation of mental fatigue reduction. At first, a working memory load...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,134 Views
21 Pages

27 April 2023

Interventions such as forest bathing (slow, mindful nature walks) have been shown to increase our connection to nature and be an effective intervention for improving health and well-being. However, there is variation in the activities delivered durin...

  • Review
  • Open Access
525 Citations
80,214 Views
48 Pages

Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) and Nature Therapy: A State-of-the-Art Review

  • Margaret M. Hansen,
  • Reo Jones and
  • Kirsten Tocchini

Background: Current literature supports the comprehensive health benefits of exposure to nature and green environments on human systems. The aim of this state-of-the-art review is to elucidate empirical research conducted on the physiological and psy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
5,807 Views
15 Pages

Forest Bathing Is Better than Walking in Urban Park: Comparison of Cardiac and Vascular Function between Urban and Forest Parks

  • Tsung-Ming Tsao,
  • Jing-Shiang Hwang,
  • Sung-Tsun Lin,
  • Charlene Wu,
  • Ming-Jer Tsai and
  • Ta-Chen Su

Forest bathing is beneficial for human health. To investigate whether walking in forest or urban parks affects cardiovascular functions (CVFs), the present study was conducted in five forest trails in the Xitou Experimental Forest and in five urban p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
7,926 Views
19 Pages

17 May 2023

Background: Although access to nature is demonstrated to benefit health and wellbeing, adults with mobility impairments and/or low energy often face barriers in accessing nature environments and nature-based programs. This study aimed to examine the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
23,189 Views
19 Pages

A Pragmatic Controlled Trial of Forest Bathing Compared with Compassionate Mind Training in the UK: Impacts on Self-Reported Wellbeing and Heart Rate Variability

  • Kirsten McEwan,
  • David Giles,
  • Fiona J. Clarke,
  • Yasu Kotera,
  • Gary Evans,
  • Olga Terebenina,
  • Lina Minou,
  • Claire Teeling,
  • Jaskaran Basran and
  • Dominic Weil
  • + 1 author

28 January 2021

Forest Bathing, where individuals use mindfulness to engage with nature, has been reported to increase heart rate variability and benefit wellbeing. To date, most Forest Bathing studies have been conducted in Asia. Accordingly, this paper reports the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,543 Views
12 Pages

‘This Is What the Colour Green Smells Like!’: Urban Forest Bathing Improved Adolescent Nature Connection and Wellbeing

  • Kirsten McEwan,
  • Vanessa Potter,
  • Yasuhiro Kotera,
  • Jessica Eve Jackson and
  • Sarah Greaves

Background: Research suggests that an early connection with nature can benefit wellbeing into adulthood. However, there is less research assessing whether adolescents benefit from formal nature connection interventions such as forest bathing (slow mi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
633 Views
16 Pages

15 February 2026

Background/Objectives: Forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku) is a nature-based approach with potential preventive health relevance. This review summarizes evidence on its effects on immune function, stress physiology, and neuroprotective pathways. Methods: A...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
6,342 Views
18 Pages

A Three-Day Forest-Bathing Retreat Enhances Positive Affect, Vitality, Optimism, and Gratitude: An Option for Green-Care Tourism in Italy?

  • Beatrice Guardini,
  • Laura Secco,
  • Angelica Moè,
  • Francesca Pazzaglia,
  • Giovanna De Mas,
  • Matteo Vegetti,
  • Rocco Perrone,
  • Ann Tilman,
  • Manuela Renzi and
  • Stefania Rapisarda

12 July 2023

Forest-bathing experiences can be seen as guided recreational activities led by non-clinical trained practitioners in the context of green, slow, and mindful tourism. Notwithstanding its growing practice, there is a lack of research on the psychologi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,633 Views
12 Pages

The Feasibility and Impact of Practising Online Forest Bathing to Improve Anxiety, Rumination, Social Connection and Long-COVID Symptoms: A Pilot Study

  • Kirsten McEwan,
  • Harriet Collett,
  • Jean Nairn,
  • Jamie Bird,
  • Mark A. Faghy,
  • Eric Pfeifer,
  • Jessica E. Jackson,
  • Caroline Cook and
  • Amanda Bond

Background: Long-COVID affects over 144 million people globally. In the absence of treatments, there is a need to establish the efficacy of therapies that improve patient outcomes. Forest bathing has been demonstrated to improve physical and mental o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,989 Views
11 Pages

Professional healthcare worker burnout is a crisis in the United States healthcare system. This crisis can be viewed at any level, from the national to local communities, but ultimately, must be understood at the level of the individual who is caring...

  • Article
  • Open Access
164 Citations
20,920 Views
12 Pages

The present study investigated changes in autonomic nervous system activity and emotions after a short (2 h) forest bathing program in the Xitou Nature Education Area (XNEA), Taiwan. One hundred and twenty-eight (60.0 ± 7.44 years) middle-aged and el...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,850 Views
12 Pages

The Psychological Benefits of Forest Bathing in Individuals with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Pilot Study

  • Mayte Serrat,
  • Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer,
  • Sandra Alonso-Marsol,
  • Sònia Ferrés,
  • Ruben Nieto,
  • Albert Feliu-Soler and
  • Anna Muro

Background/Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to assess the short-term effects of Forest Bathing (FB) conducted in a Mediterranean forest on individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) and/or chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgia encephalomyeli...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
5,928 Views
12 Pages

The practice of spending time in green areas to gain the health benefits provided by trees is well known, especially in Asia, as ‘forest bathing’, and the consequent protective and experimentally detectable effects on the human body have...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,597 Views
17 Pages

Background. Students often face high levels of mental distress, which can adversely affect their academic performance and overall wellbeing. While forest bathing, as a nature-based solution (NBS), has recognized benefits for mental wellbeing, its spe...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
10,075 Views
19 Pages

Forest Bathing Always Makes Sense: Blood Pressure-Lowering and Immune System-Balancing Effects in Late Spring and Winter in Central Europe

  • Agnes Peterfalvi,
  • Matyas Meggyes,
  • Lilla Makszin,
  • Nelli Farkas,
  • Eva Miko,
  • Attila Miseta and
  • Laszlo Szereday

Various formats of forest bathing have been receiving increasing attention owing to their perspectives in health promotion and the treatment of chronic lifestyle diseases. The majority of field studies are still being conducted in the Far Eastern reg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,653 Views
16 Pages

The Economic Value of Forest Bathing: An Example Case of the Italian Alps

  • Alessandro Paletto,
  • Sandra Notaro,
  • Carlotta Sergiacomi and
  • Francesca Di Mascio

15 March 2024

In the mid-1980s, forest bathing was established in Japan to improve citizens’ physical and mental health. In the literature, many studies have investigated the role of forest bathing in decreasing people’s stress and anxiety as well as i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,600 Views
15 Pages

(1) Background: The Mediterranean-DASH intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet and forest bathing (FB) are first-line therapies for controlling hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of a MIND diet and FB and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
110 Citations
16,537 Views
9 Pages

5 July 2018

Previous literature highlights the effects of forests on reviving psychological and physiological health. Given that middle-aged women are vulnerable to stress due to the transition in their lives, the purpose of this study was to investigate the eff...

  • Review
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,786 Views
13 Pages

Physical rehabilitation plays a fundamental role in the management of individuals with disabilities associated with age-related muscle loss or affected by catastrophic conditions such as trauma, surgery, cancer or other severe pathologies. These even...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
6,157 Views
9 Pages

3 January 2023

Forest bathing is based upon a Japanese practice known as Shinrin–Yoku and is a nature-based therapy involving mindful walks through ancient woodland to reduce stress and anxiety. One proposed mechanism behind the effectiveness of Forest bathin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
36 Citations
3,482 Views
15 Pages

Influence of Informal Education in the Forest Stand Redevelopment Area on the Psychological Restoration of Working Adults

  • Natalia Korcz,
  • Emilia Janeczko,
  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Danuta Urban,
  • Jacek Koba,
  • Paweł Szabat and
  • Michał Małecki

26 July 2021

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, a significant part of the human population lives and works in urban agglomerations. Limited contact with nature, polluted air, stress, and a sedentary work style all contribute to problems with the physical and me...

  • Article
  • Open Access
113 Citations
12,017 Views
17 Pages

When Urban Environment Is Restorative: The Effect of Walking in Suburbs and Forests on Psychological and Physiological Relaxation of Young Polish Adults

  • Emilia Janeczko,
  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Roman Wójcik,
  • Małgorzata Woźnicka,
  • Wojciech Kędziora,
  • Adrian Łukowski,
  • Mohamed Elsadek,
  • Katarzyna Szyc and
  • Krzysztof Janeczko

24 May 2020

Background and Objectives: Physical activity, recreation and walks successfully counteract negative symptoms of stress in people, especially in large cities, and have many positive psychological and physiological effects. There are many studies showi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,634 Views
16 Pages

Assessing the Effects of Nature on Physiological States Using Wearable Technologies

  • Dannie Fu,
  • Natalia Incio Serra,
  • Hubert Mansion,
  • Emilia Tamko Mansion and
  • Stefanie Blain-Moraes

Nature therapy and forest bathing (FB) have been shown to have quantifiable positive effects on human health, but the physiological effects of a guided interactive nature activity remain unexplored. Autonomic nervous system responses to a guided natu...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,804 Views
12 Pages

7 February 2023

Cancer can have a significant impact on one’s life situation, with many patients reporting psychosocial discomfort, worry, anxiety, fear of recurrence, depression, tiredness/fatigue, sleep problems, pain and numerous other problems even long af...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,060 Views
20 Pages

Modelling Bathing Water Quality Using Official Monitoring Data

  • Daniela Džal,
  • Ivana Nižetić Kosović,
  • Toni Mastelić,
  • Damir Ivanković,
  • Tatjana Puljak and
  • Slaven Jozić

26 October 2021

Predictive models of bathing water quality are a useful support to traditional monitoring and provide timely and adequate information for the protection of public health. When developing models, it is critical to select an appropriate model type and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,269 Views
18 Pages

Does Forest Contemplation Provide Greater Psychological Benefits than Passive Exposure to the Urban Forest? A Pilot Study

  • Emilia Janeczko,
  • Małgorzata Woźnicka,
  • Katarzyna Śmietańska,
  • Anna Wiśniewska,
  • Natalia Korcz and
  • Agata Kobyłka

12 August 2024

Human contact with the natural environment effectively counteracts negative symptoms of stress and has many positive psychological effects. For this reason, forests within city limits are increasingly seen as part of public health promotion. Being in...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,895 Views
16 Pages

A Quantitative Literature Review on Forest-Based Practices for Human Well-Being

  • Alessandro Paletto,
  • Sofia Baldessari,
  • Elena Barbierato,
  • Iacopo Bernetti,
  • Arianna Cerutti,
  • Stefania Righi,
  • Beatrice Ruggieri,
  • Alessandra Landi,
  • Sandra Notaro and
  • Sandro Sacchelli

30 July 2025

Over the last decade, the scientific community has increasingly focused on forest-based practices for human well-being (FBPW), a term that includes all forest activities (e.g., forest bathing, forest therapy, social outdoor initiatives) important for...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,375 Views
34 Pages

Are Virtual Forests Just for Relaxation, or Can They Enhance the Benefits of Therapy?

  • You Zhi Hu,
  • Max Beggs,
  • Yu Xue,
  • Sinuo Gao,
  • Junyoung Seok,
  • Yawen Xiao,
  • Ziqi Zhou,
  • Yifei Zhou,
  • Alex Mariakakis and
  • Mark Chignell

Forest bathing (Shinrin-Yoku in Japanese) is used as an intervention for improving mental health, with VR being used to create virtual forests for relaxation. Background/Objectives: In this research, we added therapeutic intent to a virtual forest wi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
240 Citations
24,681 Views
24 Pages

Emotional, Restorative and Vitalizing Effects of Forest and Urban Environments at Four Sites in Japan

  • Norimasa Takayama,
  • Kalevi Korpela,
  • Juyoung Lee,
  • Takeshi Morikawa,
  • Yuko Tsunetsugu,
  • Bum-Jin Park,
  • Qing Li,
  • Liisa Tyrväinen,
  • Yoshifumi Miyazaki and
  • Takahide Kagawa

The present study investigated the well-being effects of short-term forest walking and viewing (“forest bathing”). The hypothesis in our study was that both environment (forest vs. urban) and activity (walking and viewing) would influence psychologic...

  • Article
  • Open Access
86 Citations
11,276 Views
10 Pages

The Effects of a Forest Therapy Programme on Mental Hospital Patients with Affective and Psychotic Disorders

  • Ernest Bielinis,
  • Aneta Jaroszewska,
  • Adrian Łukowski and
  • Norimasa Takayama

The positive effect of forest bathing on the mental health and wellbeing of those suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder or experiencing stress has been proven. It is not known, however, how ‘forest therapy’ affects the mental heal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,537 Views
14 Pages

The Potential Benefits of Therapeutic Treatment Using Gaseous Terpenes at Ambient Low Levels

  • Jo-Chun Kim,
  • Trieu-Vuong Dinh,
  • Hong-Keun Oh,
  • Youn-Suk Son,
  • Ji-Won Ahn,
  • Kyu-Yong Song,
  • In-Young Choi,
  • Chan-Ryul Park,
  • JanJan E. Szulejko and
  • Ki-Hyun Kim

24 October 2019

Biological volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted abundantly from the flora. Among BVOCs, monoterpenes (MTs) have been used for aromatherapy (e.g., forest bathing) to treat human physiological and psychological conditions. However, relatively...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,975 Views
12 Pages

Since a single forest walk (Shinrin-yoku or forest bathing) session is reported to improve sleep temporarily, occasional forest walks may have a positive effect on daily sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether more frequent forest walki...

  • Review
  • Open Access
71 Citations
31,889 Views
20 Pages

Essential Oils, Phytoncides, Aromachology, and Aromatherapy—A Review

  • Subramanian Thangaleela,
  • Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi,
  • Periyanaina Kesika,
  • Muruganantham Bharathi,
  • Wipada Kunaviktikul,
  • Areewan Klunklin,
  • Chatnithit Chanthapoon and
  • Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

28 April 2022

Chemical compounds from plants have been used as a medicinal source for various diseases. Aromachology is a unique field that studies the olfactory effects after inhaling aromatic compounds. Aromatherapy is a complementary treatment methodology invol...

  • Review
  • Open Access
50 Citations
15,557 Views
13 Pages

Mindfulness and Shinrin-yoku (SY) translated as forest bathing, is potentially effective to alleviate mental health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The purpose of this article is to provide a translational and pragmatic approach t...

  • Review
  • Open Access
67 Citations
22,929 Views
16 Pages

Much More Than a Pleasant Scent: A Review on Essential Oils Supporting the Immune System

  • Agnes Peterfalvi,
  • Eva Miko,
  • Tamas Nagy,
  • Barbara Reger,
  • Diana Simon,
  • Attila Miseta,
  • Boldizsár Czéh and
  • Laszlo Szereday

11 December 2019

The augmenting acceptance and application of herbal medicine in prevention and treatment of diseases also involve the use of plant essential oils (EOs) through different routes of administration (aromatherapy). Scientific data supporting the efficacy...

  • Review
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,862 Views
40 Pages

Forest Therapy Trails: A Conceptual Framework and Scoping Review of Research

  • Paul H. Gobster,
  • Courtney L. Schultz,
  • Linda E. Kruger and
  • John R. Henderson

2 October 2022

While most definitions of forest therapy emphasize the role of multisensory, immersive experiences in nature to achieve human health and wellbeing outcomes, reviews of research on forest therapy to date have predominantly focused on outcomes and prov...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
6,194 Views
21 Pages

19 May 2019

For forest park managers and designers, it is very important to provide forest trails and high–quality forest landscapes that meet visitor’s needs. In this study, based on demographic characteristics, our main purpose is to analyze whethe...

of 3