Significant advancements have been achieved in the field of quantum computing in recent years. If somebody ever creates a sufficiently strong quantum computer, many of the public-key cryptosystems in use today might be compromised. Kyber is a post-qu...
After being selected as a standard for Post-Quantum Cryptography Key Encapsulation Mechanisms by NIST, CRYSTALS-Kyber has driven the transformation of the information security field toward new standards. In CRYSTALS-Kyber, modular reduction is crucia...
This paper presents a novel area-time efficient hardware architecture of the lattice-based CRYSTALS-Kyber, which has entered the third round of the post-quantum cryptography standardization competition hosted by the National Institute of Standards an...
The emergence of quantum computers threatens current cryptographic systems, and NIST is preparing for the post-quantum era through the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) contest. CRYSTALS-Kyber is a lattice-based cipher suite that is used as a PQC stand...
Deep learning-based side-channel analysis is one of the most effective techniques for extracting and classifying sensitive information from a target device. This paper demonstrates the best-performing deep learning model for the target implementation...
Lattice-based post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms demand number theoretic transform (NTT)-based polynomial multiplications. NTT-based polynomials’ multiplication relies on the computation of forward number theoretic transform (FNTT) and...
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a cornerstone for efficient polynomial multiplication, which is fundamental to lattice-based cryptographic algorithms such as CRYSTALS-Kyber—a leading candidate in post-quantum cryptography (PQC). However...
Post-quantum threshold cryptography requires complete elimination of classical assumptions to achieve genuine quantum resistance. This work presents a fully lattice-based dealerless distributed key generation (DKG) protocol with threshold CRYSTALS&nd...
With the development of a quantum computer in the near future, classical public-key cryptography will face the challenge of being vulnerable to quantum algorithms, such as Shor’s algorithm. As communication technology advances rapidly, a great...
This paper presents a review of module ring learning with errors-based (MLWE-based) public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithms. In particular, we introduce the preliminaries of public key cryptography, MLWE-based algorithms, and arithmeti...
Homomorphic encryption solutions tend to be costly in terms of memory and computational resources, making them difficult to implement. In this paper, we present Kyber AHE, a lightweight additive homomorphic encryption scheme for computing the additio...
5G addresses user privacy concerns in cellular networking by encrypting a subscriber identifier with elliptic-curve-based encryption and then transmitting it as ciphertext known as a Subscriber Concealed Identifier (SUCI). However, an adversary equip...
Lattice-based post-quantum cryptography relies on fast polynomial multiplication. The Number-Theoretic Transform (NTT) is the key operation that enables this acceleration. To provide high throughput and low latency while keeping the area overhead sma...
CRYSTALS-Kyber has been standardized as a general public-key post-quantum algorithm under the name of ML-KEM after NIST released its first three final post-quantum standards in August 2024. The resilience of post-quantum cryptography to side-channel...
This research aims to establish a secure system for key exchange by using post-quantum cryptography (PQC) schemes in the classic channel of quantum key distribution (QKD). Modern cryptography faces significant threats from quantum computers, which ca...
The advent of quantum computing poses an existential threat to the security of cloud services that handle sensitive visual data. Simultaneously, the need for computational privacy requires the ability to process data without exposing it to the cloud...
In the modern era of the Internet of Things (IoT), especially with the rapid development of quantum computers, the implementation of postquantum cryptography algorithms in numerous terminals allows them to defend against potential future quantum atta...
The emergence of large-scale quantum computing presents an imminent threat to contemporary public-key cryptosystems, with quantum algorithms such as Shor’s algorithm capable of efficiently breaking RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Thi...
Crystals-Kyber and Classic-McEliece are two prominent post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms (KEMs) designed to address the challenges posed by quantum computing to classical cryptographic schemes. While the former has been standardized by the Nat...
The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) has been widely used to speed up polynomial multiplication in lattice-based post-quantum algorithms. All NTT operands use modular arithmetic, especially modular multiplication, which significantly influences NTT h...
Cryptography is very essential in our daily life, not only for confidentiality of information, but also for information integrity verification, non-repudiation, authentication, and other aspects. In modern society, cryptography is widely used; everyt...
Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks have been adopted worldwide since the rollout began around 2019. It brought with it many innovations and new services, such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (UR...
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses significant threats to classical cryptographic methods, such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), which currently secure Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud...
In modern society, the Internet is one of the most used means of communication. Thus, secure information transfer is inevitably of major importance. Computers nowadays use encryption methods based on arithmetic operations to turn messages into cipher...
As medical technology develops and digital demands grow, personal health records (PHRs) are becoming more patient-centered than before based on cloud-based health information exchanges. While enhancing data accessibility and sharing, these systems pr...
Randomness plays an important role in data communication as well as in cybersecurity. In the simulation of communication systems, randomized bit sequences are often used to model a digital source information stream. Cryptographic outputs should look...
In 2016, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced an open competition with the goal of finding and standardizing suitable algorithms for quantum-resistant cryptography. This study presents a detailed, mathematically oriente...
As quantum computing advances, current cryptographic protocols are increasingly vulnerable to quantum attacks, particularly those based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) like RSA or Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). This paper presents a comprehens...
The emergence of quantum computing presents a significant threat to classical cryptographic primitives, particularly those employed in securing internet communications via widely used protocols such as Transport Layer Security (TLS). As conventional...
Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) offers a practical way to realize a quantum network which can transmit information securely and reliably. Practical quantum networks are hindered by the unavailability of quantum relays. To overcome this lim...
Current improvements in quantum computing present a substantial challenge to classical cryptographic systems, which typically rely on problems that can be solved in polynomial time using quantum algorithms. Consequently, post-quantum cryptography (PQ...
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a common communication protocol used in the Internet of Things (IoT). MQTT is a simple, lightweight messaging protocol used to establish communication between multiple devices relying on the publish–s...
By aggregating intelligence on emerging threats, attack techniques, and vulnerabilities, organizations can establish a more comprehensive threat landscape awareness and proactively identify potential risks. However, in the process of sharing threat i...
Advances in quantum computers may pose a significant threat to existing public-key encryption methods, which are crucial to the current infrastructure of cyber security. Both RSA and ECDSA, the two most widely used security algorithms today, may be (...
The imminent threat of large-scale quantum computers to modern public-key cryptographic devices has led to extensive research into post-quantum cryptography (PQC). Lattice-based schemes have proven to be the top candidate among existing PQC schemes d...
The side-channel security of lattice-based post-quantum cryptography has gained extensive attention since the standardization of post-quantum cryptography. Based on the leakage mechanism in the decapsulation stage of LWE/LWR-based post-quantum crypto...
The RSA cryptosystem has been a cornerstone of modern public key infrastructure; however, recent advancements in quantum computing and theoretical mathematics pose significant risks to its security. The advent of fully operational quantum computers c...
The burgeoning Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers unprecedented opportunities for real-time patient monitoring and predictive diagnostics, yet the current systems struggle with scalability, data confidentiality against quantum threats, and real...