Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health challenge, undermining the effectiveness of conventional treatments and increasing mortality rates worldwide. Factors such as the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture,...
The aim of the present educational review on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) is to inform and guide young scientists and students about the potential use and challenges associated with SPIONs. The present review discusses the basi...
Zinc oxide nanomaterials have been the cynosure of this decade because of their immense potential in different biomedical applications. It includes their usage in the prognosis and treatment of different infectious and cellular diseases, owing to the...
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as promising systems for delivering active ingredients. They are derived from physiological, biodegradable, and biocompatible lipids, offering benefits such as sus...
Exosomes are membrane-enveloped nanosized (30–150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin produced by almost all cell types and encompass a multitude of functioning biomolecules. Exosomes have been considered crucial players of cell-to-c...
Cancer remains one of the most deadly diseases globally, but carbon-based nanomaterials have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in nanotechnology and a better understanding of tumor microenvironments have contribute...
Gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted increasing attention both in laboratory research and clinical applications. Due to its easily-tuned properties of irradiation light and inside-out hyperthermia ability, it ha...
The utility of calcium oxide nanoparticles in the biomedical and physical fields has instigated their biocompatible synthesis and production. Moreover, it is important to investigate their biocompatibility at the molecular level for biomedical and ec...
The introduction of cancer therapeutics and nanotechnology has resulted in a paradigm shift from conventional therapy to precision medicine. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field with a focus on biomedical applications, holds immense promise in...
Currently, intelligent, responsive biomaterials have been widely explored, considering the fact that responsive biomaterials provide controlled and predictable results in various biomedical systems. Responsive nanostructures undergo reversible or irr...
Since the last decade, the polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) approach has emerged as one of the most promising drug-delivery technologies owing to several benefits like circumventing premature drug release, offering controlled and targeted drug delivery,...
Carbon dots (CDs) are a class of carbon-based nanomaterials undergoing rapid development with broad potential applications across diverse biomedical fields. These materials are highly attractive for diagnostics, therapeutics, and nanomedicine due to...
Quantum dots (QDs), including CdSe/ZnS, are nanoparticles emitting various wavelengths of fluorescent light depending on their size. Fluorescence allows them to be exploited for in vivo sensing/imaging of cancer cells. Nevertheless, thorough assessme...
The existing diagnosis and treatment modalities have major limitations related to their precision and capability to understand several stages of disease development. A superior therapeutic system consists of a multifunctional approach in early diagno...
The limitations of current treatment strategies for cancer management have prompted a significant shift in the research and development of new effective strategies exhibiting higher efficacy and acceptable side effects. In this direction, nanotherano...
Nanotheranostics—where nanoscale materials serve both diagnostic and therapeutic functions—are rapidly transforming gene therapy by tackling critical delivery challenges. This review explores the design and engineering of various nanopart...
Globally, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, needing a meticulous diagnosis and targeted treatment plan to achieve an initial prognosis, followed by precision and optimization in treatment. Nonselective targeting, difficulty in accurately monit...
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the first approved nanomedicines and the most well-studied class of nanocarriers for drug delivery. Currently, they are in the frontline of the pandemic fight as vaccine formulations and therapeutic products. However, e...
In recent years, new carbonized nanomaterials have emerged in imaging, sensing, and various biomedical applications. Published literature shows that carbon dots (CDs) have been explored more extensively than any other nanomaterials. However, its poly...
Background: Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain malignancy in adults. Standard of care treatment, consisting of temozolomide (TMZ) and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), mostly does not prevent local recurrence. The inability of drugs to enter the...
The escalating impact and remarkable progress of nanotechnology have shifted the paradigms of medicine and the healthcare system. Nanosystems have emerged, extensively holding the potential to advance disease diagnosis and treatment specificity. The...
Nanotheranostics, combining photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can transform precision cancer treatment by integrating diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. This review highlights recent advances in nanomaterials, drug...
The convergence of nanotechnology with nuclear medicine has led to the development of theranostic nanoplatforms that combine targeted imaging and therapy within a single system. This review provides a critical and updated synthesis of the current sta...
In recent years, antimicrobial resistance in many human pathogens has become a serious health concern. Since infections with resistant pathogens cannot be treated with traditional antimicrobial drugs, new strategies are necessary to fight bacterial i...
Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have received a growing attention due to their fascinating physiochemical properties and promising range of biomedical applications including sensing, diagnosis and cancer photothermal ablation. AuNP enjoy brilliant optical...
As of today, chronic inflammatory diseases are a progressive cause of death worldwide, accounting for more than 50% of all fatalities. These inflammatory conditions are a major concern, ranging from heart disease to cancer, diabetes, to even neurodeg...
Antibodies (mAbs) are attractive molecules for their application as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). mAbs can be generated to have high affinity and specificity to target molecules in the CNS. Unfor...
The integration of nanotheranostics into cancer treatment represents a transformative shift in oncology, combining precision diagnostics with targeted therapeutic interventions. This manuscript explores the advancements in nanotechnology-driven cance...
Due to late diagnosis, high incidence of metastasis, and poor survival rate, pancreatic cancer is one of the most leading cause of cancer-related death. Although manifold recent efforts have been done to achieve an early diagnosis of pancreatic cance...
Infectious ocular diseases like keratitis, conjunctivitis, and endophthalmitis pose significant clinical challenges due to the complexities of delivering drugs to the eye. Recent advancements in drug delivery systems offer promising improvements for...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently the leading cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with an estimated global cost of USD 400 billion annually. Both clinical and preclinical behavioral outcomes associated with TBI are hete...
Regrettably, despite undeniable advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, primary brain cancer (or brain cancer) remains one of the deadliest forms of malignant tumors, where glioblastoma (GBM) is known as the most malignant diffuse glioma of astrocy...
Targeted α-therapy (TAT) can eradicate tumor metastases while limiting overall toxicity. One of the most promising α-particle emitters is astatine-211 (211At). However, 211At-carbon bonds are notoriously unstable in vivo and no chelators are availabl...
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the female population worldwide. Standard treatments such as chemotherapy show noticeable results. However, along with killing cancer cells, it causes systemic toxicity and apoptosis of the nearb...
Nanoparticle-mediated light-activated therapies, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, are earnestly being viewed as efficient interventional strategies against several cancer types. Theranostics is a key hallmark of cancer nanomedic...
Due to their well-defined plasmonic properties, gold nanorods (GNRs) can be fabricated with optimal light absorption in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which make them suitable for cancer-related theranostic applications. Ho...
In order to investigate the effect of graphene nanoribbons on the final properties of hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites, a solvothermal method was used at 180 °C and 5 h for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons–hydroxyapatite nanopowders...
Photodynamic and photothermal therapies with IR780 have gained exponential interest, and their photophysical properties have demonstrated promise for use in antitumor and antimicrobial chemotherapy. IR780 and its derivatives are valuable in labeling...
Nanotheranostics combines therapeutic and diagnostic functions within multifunctional nanoparticle platforms to enable precision medicine. This review outlines a comprehensive framework for engineering nanotheranostic systems, focusing on core materi...
InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging option in QD technologies for uses of fluorescent imaging as well as targeted drug and anticancer therapies based on their customizable properties. In this study we explored effects of InP/ZnS when treated w...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been investigated as one of the potential dose enhancement agents for radiation therapy. The role of TiO2 NPs as a photodynamic sensitiser has been well documented, but its sensitisation with X-rays is n...
The use of carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon nano-onions, carbon dots and carbon quantum dots for environmental applications has increased substantially. These nanoparticles are now used in the development of sensors...
PEGylation technology confers stability and modulates the biological performance of a broad range of preclinical and clinical nanopharmaceuticals. However, the emerging PEG immunogenicity in the general population is thought to impact the efficacy an...
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have recently attracted much attention from researchers due to their use in cancer chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, and diagnosis/MRI imaging. Various studies have demonstrated that different metal oxide NPs sho...
A significant paradigm shift has been observed in the past decade in the area of theranostics owing to the development of various isotropic and anisotropic metal nanostructures, simultaneous with improved imaging modalities. Platinum-based nanostruct...
Aerosols exhaled from the lungs have distinctive patterns that can be linked to the abnormalities of the lungs. Yet, due to their intricate nature, it is highly challenging to analyze and distinguish these aerosol patterns. Small airway diseases pose...
The multifactorial nature of cancer still classifies the disease as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Modern medical sciences are following an interdisciplinary approach that has been fueled by the nanoscale revolution of the past years....
Facing the deadly pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus all over the globe, it is crucial to devote efforts to fighting and preventing this infectious virus. Nanomaterials have gained much attention after the approval of lipid nanoparticle-based CO...
Nanotechnology advancements have resulted in many sensors and devices for biomedical applications. Among the various nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), due to their size, shape, biocompatibility, and unique plasmonic property, are an excellen...
Nanomaterial-based tissue engineering strategies are precisely designed and tweaked to contest specific patient needs and their end applications. Though theragnostic is a radical term very eminent in cancer prognosis, of late, theragnostic approaches...
