A Proteomic Study on the Personalized Protein Corona of Liposomes. Relevance for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic DUCTAL Adenocarcinoma and Biomarker Detection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Liposomes
2.2. Human Plasma Collection and Protein Corona Formation
2.3. Size and Zeta Potential Measurements
2.4. Protein Corona Composition
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bare Liposomes | Zeta Potential (mV) | Size (nm) | PdI |
L1 | −69.1 ± 4.5 | 146 ± 3 | 0.113 ± 0.076 |
L2 | −3.5 ± 1.2 | 173 ± 3 | 0.050 ± 0.001 |
L3 | 46.5 ± 2.3 | 154 ± 11 | 0.170 ± 0.040 |
Liposome + Healthy Plasma | Zeta Potential (mV) | Size (nm) | PdI |
L1 | −42.7 ± 1.3 | 179 ± 3 | 0.406 ± 0.052 |
L2 | −28.4 ± 2.3 | 251 ± 8 | 0.378 ± 0.038 |
L3 | −38.1 ± 1.1 | 233 ± 4 | 0.330 ± 0.090 |
Liposome + PDAC Plasma | Zeta Potential (mV) | Size (nm) | PdI |
L1 | −35.6 ± 0.7 | 205 ± 4 | 0.262 ± 0.066 |
L2 | −31.3 ± 2.1 | 269 ± 3 | 0.270 ± 0.068 |
L3 | −28.3 ± 1.3 | 240 ± 4 | 0.350 ± 0.020 |
Low pI | Medium pI | High pI | |
---|---|---|---|
L1 | 41.3% | 47.0% | 11.7% |
L2 | 42.1% | 49.1% | 8.8% |
L3 | 50.2% | 45.9% | 3.9% |
Protein | MW (kDa) | pI | Relative Protein Abundance on Healthy Corona | Relative Protein Abundance on PDAC Corona | Difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | L1 | L2 | L3 | L1 | L2 | L3 | |||
CO4A | 193 | 7 | 0.48 ± 0.12% | 0.77 ± 0.06% | 2.42 ± 0.17% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.32 ± 0.04% | 1.86 ± 0.20% | − | − | − |
CO4B | 193 | 7 | 0.55 ± 0.03% | 0.81 ± 0.06% | 2.45 ± 0.15% | 0.26 ± 0.04% | 0.42 ± 0.05% | 1.92 ± 0.20% | − | − | − |
CO3 | 187 | 6 | 0.69 ± 0.05% | 1.75 ± 0.23% | 0.45 ± 0.07% | 0.42 ± 0.03% | 0.77 ± 0.11% | 0.46 ± 0.06% | − | − | |
FIBA | 95 | 6 | 1.18 ± 0.26% | 2.10 ± 0.35% | 0.66 ± 0.12% | 1.26 ± 0.53% | 1.30 ± 0.30% | 2.22 ± 0.77% | − | + | |
C4BPA | 67 | 7 | 0.42 ± 0.09% | 1.04 ± 0.27% | 5.43 ± 0.62% | 0.35 ± 0.10% | 0.50 ± 0.09% | 3.62 ± 0.66% | − | − | |
FIBB | 56 | 8 | 1.92 ± 0.27% | 2.81 ± 0.02% | 1.28 ± 0.20% | 1.98 ± 0.63% | 2.18 ± 0.46% | 5.12 ± 1.07% | − | + | |
FIBG | 52 | 5 | 1.48 ± 0.10% | 1.88 ± 0.11% | 0.77 ± 0.06% | 1.63 ± 0.65% | 1.49 ± 0.36% | 2.25 ± 0.64% | + | ||
APOA4 | 45 | 5 | 0.62 ± 0.08% | 1.00 ± 0.16% | 3.88 ± 0.86% | 0.41 ± 0.20% | 0.60 ± 0.29% | 0.99 ± 0.08% | − | ||
APOE | 36 | 5 | 0.78 ± 0.05% | 2.11 ± 0.17% | 2.44 ± 0.41% | 1.29 ± 0.29% | 2.16 ± 0.51% | 1.37 ± 0.06% | + | − | |
HBB | 16 | 7 | 0.80 ± 0.11% | 1.43 ± 0.19% | 1.57 ± 1.88% | 0.98 ± 0.35% | 1.18 ± 0.40% | 0.42 ± 0.08% | |||
HBA | 15 | 9 | 0.82 ± 0.12% | 1.11 ± 0.21% | 1.48 ± 1.68% | 0.71 ± 0.31% | 1.12 ± 0.48% | 0.35 ± 0.04% | |||
CXCL7 | 14 | 9 | 0.76 ± 0.12% | 0.52 ± 0.06% | 0.74 ± 0.44% | 0.45 ± 0.04% | 0.13 ± 0.12% | 0.27 ± 0.20% | − | − | |
SAA1 | 14 | 7 | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.03 ± 0.05% | 0.66 ± 0.07% | 0.04 ± 0.07% | 0.71 ± 0.93% | 0.91 ± 0.36% | |||
SAA2 | 14 | 10 | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 1.33 ± 1.32% | 0.40 ± 0.45% | 0.31 ± 0.14% | 0.92 ± 0.61% | + | ||
APOA2 | 11 | 7 | 0.83 ± 0.16% | 2.21 ± 0.47% | 1.51 ± 0.31% | 1.48 ± 0.47% | 1.23 ± 0.14% | 1.35 ± 0.08% | + | − | |
APOC2 | 11 | 4 | 1.02 ± 0.07% | 1.49 ± 0.30% | 2.19 ± 0.34% | 1.45 ± 0.34% | 1.17 ± 0.03% | 4.14 ± 1.26% | + | + | |
APOC3 | 11 | 5 | 2.33 ± 0.25% | 4.03 ± 0.87% | 3.94 ± 0.49% | 1.78 ± 0.74% | 2.30 ± 0.71% | 10.5 ± 2.15% | − | + |
Protein | MW (kDa) | pI | RPA on Healthy Corona | RPA on PDAC Corona | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L1 | L2 | L3 | L1 | L2 | L3 | |||
FCN3 | 33 | 6.7 | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.03 ± 0.03% | 1.50 ± 0.88% | 1.72 ± 0.57% | 0.54 ± 0.10% |
CBPN | 52 | 7.4 | 0.05 ± 0.02% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.19 ± 0.04% | 0.11 ± 0.02% | 0.07 ± 0.02% |
IC1 | 55 | 6.5 | 0.02 ± 0.01% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.02 ± 0.02% | 0.07 ± 0.05% | 0.18 ± 0.04% | 0.22 ± 0.05% |
CNN2 | 34 | 7.4 | 0.12 ± 0.03% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.22 ± 0.02% | 0.11 ± 0.07% | 0.09 ± 0.15% |
VASP | 40 | 9.4 | 0.20 ± 0.07% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.01% | 0.35 ± 0.04% | 0.18 ± 0.04% | 0.07 ± 0.07% |
IGHA2 | 37 | 6 | 0.08 ± 0.13% | 0.08 ± 0.14% | 0.05 ± 0.08% | 0.26 ± 0.16% | 0.91 ± 0.06% | 0.12 ± 0.20% |
CALD1 | 93 | 5.4 | 0.05 ± 0.02% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.08 ± 0.01% | 0.06 ± 0.03% | 0.01 ± 0.01% |
MASP1 | 79 | 5.2 | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.16 ± 0.04% | 0.02 ± 0.02% | 0.03 ± 0.03% | 0.23 ± 0.02% |
CALL5 | 16 | 4.1 | 0.02 ± 0.03% | 0.21 ± 0.02% | 0.14 ± 0.19% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
H4 | 11 | 11.9 | 0.24 ± 0.04% | 0.16 ± 0.28% | 0.07 ± 0.12% | 0.03 ± 0.06% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
QCR2 | 48 | 8.9 | 0.08 ± 0.03% | 0.04 ± 0.01% | 0.01 ± 0.01% | 0.01 ± 0.01% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
ML12A | 20 | 4.4 | 0.34 ± 0.03% | 0.11 ± 0.15% | 0.05 ± 0.06% | 6.00 ± 0.03% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.01 ± 0.02% |
MUCB | 43 | 4.9 | 0.22 ± 0.19% | 0.51 ± 0.89% | 0.25 ± 0.09% | 0.00 ± 0.00% | 0.13 ± 0.23% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
PROP | 51 | 7.9 | 0.12 ± 0.01% | 0.67 ± 0.04% | 0.03 ± 0.02% | 0.04 ± 0.03% | 0.02 ± 0.02% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
CO8G | 22 | 8.5 | 0.15 ± 0.03% | 0.28 ± 0.12% | 0.04 ± 0.04% | 0.01 ± 0.02% | 0.15 ± 0.04% | 0.00 ± 0.00% |
HRG | 60 | 7.5 | 0.37 ± 0.01% | 0.41 ± 0.09% | 0.13 ± 0.04% | 0.02 ± 0.02% | 0.12 ± 0.07% | 0.06 ± 0.02% |
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Digiacomo, L.; Giulimondi, F.; Pozzi, D.; Coppola, A.; La Vaccara, V.; Caputo, D.; Caracciolo, G. A Proteomic Study on the Personalized Protein Corona of Liposomes. Relevance for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic DUCTAL Adenocarcinoma and Biomarker Detection. J. Nanotheranostics 2021, 2, 82-93. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt2020006
Digiacomo L, Giulimondi F, Pozzi D, Coppola A, La Vaccara V, Caputo D, Caracciolo G. A Proteomic Study on the Personalized Protein Corona of Liposomes. Relevance for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic DUCTAL Adenocarcinoma and Biomarker Detection. Journal of Nanotheranostics. 2021; 2(2):82-93. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt2020006
Chicago/Turabian StyleDigiacomo, Luca, Francesca Giulimondi, Daniela Pozzi, Alessandro Coppola, Vincenzo La Vaccara, Damiano Caputo, and Giulio Caracciolo. 2021. "A Proteomic Study on the Personalized Protein Corona of Liposomes. Relevance for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic DUCTAL Adenocarcinoma and Biomarker Detection" Journal of Nanotheranostics 2, no. 2: 82-93. https://doi.org/10.3390/jnt2020006