Egg Consumption and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of Australian Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Enhanced Vitamin C Delivery: A Systematic Literature Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Alternative Supplement Forms in Healthy Adults
Does Creatine Supplementation Enhance Performance in Active Females? A Systematic Review
Dietary Supplementation for Fatigue Symptoms in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)—A Systematic Review
Vitamin D: Evidence-Based Health Benefits and Recommendations for Population Guidelines

Journal Description

Nutrients

Nutrients is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of human nutrition published semimonthly online by MDPI. The Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP), Nutrition Society of New Zealand (NSNZ), Ocular Wellness & Nutrition Society (OWNS) and others are affiliated with Nutrients and their members receive a discount on article processing charges.

Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, PubAg, AGRIS, and other databases.
Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Nutrition and Dietetics) / CiteScore - Q1 (Food Science)
Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 13.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Companion journal: Dietetics

Impact Factor: 4.8 (2023); 5-Year Impact Factor: 5.8 (2023)

Imprint Information Journal Flyer Open Access ISSN: 2072-6643

Latest Articles

13 pages, 2316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Phosphate Variability in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

by Seok-Hui Kang, So-Young Park, Yu-Jeong Lim, Bo-Yeon Kim, Ji-Young Choi, Jun-Young Do and A-Young Kim

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091528 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: There are few studies investigating the relationship between phosphate level variability and clinical prognosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of phosphate variability on clinical outcomes in maintenance HD patients using a population-based cohort. Methods: We analyzed data from 55,225 patients who underwent periodic HD quality assessments and claims review. Phosphate variability was assessed using the residual standard deviation (SD) from a within-subject linear regression model based on six phosphate measurements per patient. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on phosphate variability. A balanced cohort was created using generalized boosted models for relevant covariates. Results: After weighting, the residual phosphate SDs were 0.35 ± 0.00 mg/dL (Q1), 0.57 ± 0.00 mg/dL (Q2), 0.79 ± 0.00 mg/dL (Q3), and 1.22 ± 0.00 mg/dL (Q4). The mean follow-up duration across all quartiles was 50 ± 0.2 months. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that patients in the Q4 group had a significantly higher hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality and dementia compared with the Q1 group. Among all quartiles, Q1 showed the lowest HR for dementia. These trends were consistent with those observed in spline curve analyses. However, no significant association was found between phosphate variability and cardiovascular events. Conclusions: High phosphate variability was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality and dementia in maintenance HD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 189 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Diseases

by Andrea D. Praticò

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091527 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a group of debilitating conditions characterized by the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons in the central nervous system [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Opportunities for Food Supplements in Neurodegenerative Disease)

6 pages, 191 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Food Intolerances and Food Allergies: Novel Aspects in a Changing World

by Aurelio Seidita, Stella Compagnoni, Mirco Pistone and Antonio Carroccio

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1526; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091526 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Despite the rapid progress that has considerably affected most fields of medicine in recent years, many gray areas still exist in our understanding of allergies/hypersensitivities and intolerances to foods [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Intolerance and Food Allergy: Novel Aspects in a Changing World)

4 pages, 152 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Nutritional Screening and Assessment in Different Populations

by Aránzazu Aparicio and Mᵃ del Carmen Lozano-Estevan

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091525 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Nutritional assessment in different populations is a key strategy in both clinical practice and public health, and systematic nutritional screening helps detect early indicators of malnutrition, which may include undernutrition, obesity, or specific micronutrient deficiencies [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Screening and Assessment of Different Populations)

17 pages, 5043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cannabigerol Alleviates Liver Damage in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Female Mice via Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1

by Raznin Joly, Fariha Tasnim, Kelsey Krutsinger, Zhuorui Li, Nicholas A. Pullen and Yuyan Han

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091524 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), a progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), involves inflammation, fibrosis, steatosis, and oxidative stress. Previous research from our lab shows that cannabigerol (CBG) reduces inflammation and fibrosis in male MASH mice, but its effects in females remain unknown. Given immune cell population changes in MASLD patients, this study examines CBG’s impact on methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced MASH in female mice. Methods: MCD-fed female mice are supplemented with two different doses for three weeks. Liver fibrosis, steatosis, oxidative stress, ductular reaction, and inflammation are assessed via Sirius Red, Oil Red O, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Immune cell changes in non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) are analyzed via flow cytometry. Results: CBG treatment improves liver health by reducing leukocyte infiltration. Both CBG doses significantly decrease fibrosis, oxidative stress, ductular proliferation, and inflammation in MCD-fed mice, including monocyte and T lymphocyte reductions. Additionally, CBG downregulates mast cell activation, inhibiting transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release, thereby suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation. This reduces collagen deposition, fibrosis, and ductular proliferation. Conclusions: Our findings provide insights for pre-clinical and clinical research, highlighting CBG’s potential therapeutic role and dosage considerations in mitigating liver fibrosis and inflammation in female patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Approaches for Managing Obesity-Associated Metabolic Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2627 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Food-Based Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics Learning Program May Improve Preschool Children’s Science Knowledge and Language Skills in Rural North Carolina

by Virginia C. Stage, Jocelyn B. Dixon, Pauline Grist, Qiang Wu, Archana V. Hegde, Tammy D. Lee, Ryan Lundquist and L. Suzanne Goodell

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1523; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091523 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Early childhood represents a sensitive period for developing positive dietary preferences and important school readiness skills. However, few evidence-based programs leverage opportunities to support children’s development in both areas. Our study aimed to assess the preliminary effects of multi-level, teacher-led More PEAS Please! on Head Start children’s (3–5 years old) science knowledge, development of academic language, fruit-and-vegetable (FV) liking, and dietary quality. Methods: In this pilot study, we used a repeated-measure research design to assess child-level outcomes. Trained teachers implemented 16 food-based science-learning activities. We assessed child outcomes using validated measures of science knowledge, academic language, FV liking, and dietary quality (Veggie Meter^®). We used linear mixed models to examine changes from the baseline to post intervention. Fixed effects included age, sex, and race/ethnicity, while the center was treated as a random effect. Results: A total of 273 children were enrolled in the study. The children were mostly male (51.6%), Black/African American (82.1%) and, on average, 3.94 (SD = 0.70) years old. The children demonstrated significant improvements in science knowledge (T1 M = −0.01, SD = 0.82; T4 M = 0.33, SD = 0.90; 95% CI [0.17, 0.50]; p < 0.001) and vocabulary (T1 M = 14.4, SD = 4.5; T4 M = 16.7, SD = 5.3; 95% CI [1.4, 3.3]; p < 0.001). The children’s dietary quality improved from the baseline, but the changes were not significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the intervention may support improvements in science knowledge and academic vocabulary among preschool-aged children. We theorize a longer intervention with additional FV exposures may be needed to observe significant dietary changes. Future research should evaluate program effects with a comparison group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Promotion in School-Aged Children: Lifestyle Factors, Interventions, and Health Outcomes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Preoperative Inflammatory Diet on Clinical and Oncologic Outcomes Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery

by Minjoon Kim, Haewon Kim, Kyeongeui Kim, Jaemin Cho, Woonkyung Jeong, Seongkyu Baek, Jaeho Lee and Sunguk Bae

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091522 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Objectives: The dietary inflammatory index (DII), a validated tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of diet, has been widely identified as a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its role as a prognostic factor for CRC remains unexplored. This study examined the impact of preoperative dietary inflammation on clinical and oncologic outcomes following CRC surgery. Methods: The study population consisted of 126 patients who had surgical procedures for CRC and completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) preoperatively between January 2018 and June 2020. Results: An optimal DII cut-off value of 0.90182 was used to categorize patients into the high-DII (n = 28) and low-DII (n = 98) groups. The high-DII group exhibited an older age (71.5 vs. 67.0, p = 0.020) and a significantly higher complication risk within 30 days postoperatively than the low-DII group (57.1% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.042). Other perioperative clinical outcomes did not demonstrate any significant differences between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 90.4% and 41.3% in the low-DII and high-DII groups, respectively, in univariate survival analysis (p = 0.044). However, no statistical difference was observed in the disease-free survival (DFS) rate. In the multivariate survival analysis, low-DII (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.118; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.023–0.613, p = 0.011) and M1 stage (HR: 10.910; 95% CI: 1.491–79.847, p = 0.019) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS, while perineural invasion (HR: 3.495; 95% CI: 1.059–11.533, p = 0.040) served as an independent prognostic factor for DFS. Conclusions: A high preoperative DII score, indicative of an inflammatory dietary pattern, was correlated with increased postoperative complications and functioned as an independent prognostic indicator for OS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Dietary Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer Patients)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1513 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Nutrientional Profile of Spanish Beverages: A Comparative Evaluation of the Original and Updated Nutri-Score Algorithm

by Sara de las Heras-Delgado, Sangeetha Shyam, Lucía Iglesias-Vázquez, Nadine Khoury, Jordi Salas-Salvadó and Nancy Babio

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091521 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: In response to criticism and limitations of the Nutri-Score Nutrient Profiling Model (NS-NPM), the algorithm was updated in 2023. However, its impact on beverage classification remains partially assessed. Objective: This study aimed to compare the nutritional profiles of beverages marketed in Spain using the original and updated NS-NPM algorithms. Methods: Nutritional data for 3432 beverages in the “Drink Base” database were analyzed using both the 2015 (original) and 2023 (updated) NS-NPM versions. Results: The 2023 update showed significant changes compared to the 2015 version. Updated scores particularly increased for artificially sweetened beverages (+190.3%), milkshakes (+98.9%), nut-based beverages (+343.9%), cereal-based beverages (+651.3%), and the mix of plant-based beverages (+733%), leading to a less healthy classification. Conversely, scores decreased for fruit juices (−12.7%) and alcohol-substitute beverages (−8.2%), while legume-based beverages maintained their classification with minimal score variation (−1.4%), raising questions about the treatment of free sugars. The remaining beverage categories experienced score changes that did not alter their classification. Conclusions: The 2023 NS-NPM algorithm improves beverage classification by refining the differentiation of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages, improving consumer guidance. While it increases discrimination, challenges remain in the classification of plant-based beverages and fruit juices. These findings highlight Nutri-Score’s impact on industry reformulation and its potential as a public health tool to promote healthier beverage choices. This study provides novel evidence on how the updated Nutri-Score algorithm may influence consumer perception and food policy in the Spanish context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

31 pages, 586 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Expert-Reviewed Nutritional Guidance for Adults with Spinal Cord Injury: A Delphi Study

by Ayse G. Zengul, Christine C. Ferguson, James H. Rimmer, Stacey S. Cofield, Elizabeth N. Davis, James O. Hill and Mohanraj Thirumalai

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091520 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Nutritional needs for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) are inadequately addressed due to the lack of comprehensive evidence and scattered research. We established a consensus-based framework for addressing the nutritional needs of community-dwelling adults with chronic SCI who can ingest food orally. Methods: A web-based Delphi design was employed to ascertain an expert consensus. The Delphi panel consisted of physicians, registered dietitians (RDs), and researchers knowledgeable in SCI and nutrition. Informed by a literature review, 18 nutrition statements were rated by 15 panelists. The survey included statements about SCI-specific dietary energy assessments and macro- and micronutrients. Results: The response rate for the panel (N = 15) was 100%. Consensus levels, scores, stability levels, and response numbers were documented for each statement. The statements received consensus scores ranging from 4.14 to 8.13 on a 9-point Likert scale. Alternative expert comments and suggestions were also provided for each statement. Conclusion: Engaging a diverse panel of experts, the real-time Delphi process yielded expert-reviewed nutrition statements based on an extensive literature review and expert opinions. The rated statements contribute to the ongoing dialogue in SCI-specific nutrition, providing a practical resource for healthcare professionals working with adults with chronic SCI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (2nd Edition))

25 pages, 3215 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanisms of Fetal Overgrowth in Gestational Diabetes: The Potential Role of SOCS2

by Luisa Hernández-Baraza, Yeray Brito-Casillas, Carmen Valverde-Tercedor, Carlota Recio, Leandro Fernández-Pérez, Borja Guerra and Ana M. Wägner

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091519 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

During pregnancy, the maternal body adapts in several ways to create an optimal environment for embryonic growth. These changes include endocrine and metabolic shifts that can lead to insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), impacting both the mother and fetus in the short and long term. Fetal macrosomia, a condition where the fetus is significantly larger than average, is a primary concern associated with GDM. Although the underlying mechanism remains unclear, a pregnancy-induced proinflammatory state, combined with altered glucose homeostasis, plays a critical role. Several cytokines and hormones, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), prolactin (PRL), or progesterone, are essential for fetal growth, the control of the inflammatory response, and the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism to meet energy demands during pregnancy. However, although the role of these cytokines in metabolism and body growth during adulthood has been extensively studied, their implication in the pathophysiology of GDM and macrosomia is not well understood. Here, we review this pathophysiology and pose the hypothesis that an aberrant response to cytokine receptor activation, particularly involving the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), contributes to GDM and fetal macrosomia. This novel perspective suggests an unexplored mechanism by which SOCS2 dysregulation could impact pregnancy outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal Gestational Diabetes and Its Impact on Fetal Health)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2479 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fatty Acid Ratios Versus Conventional Risk Factors in Stroke: Insights into Severe Disability and Mortality Outcomes

by Sebastian Andone, Farczádi Lénárd, Silvia Imre, Mihai Dumitreasa and Rodica Bălașa

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091518 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of fatty acid ratios, specifically DHA/ARA and EPA/ARA, in predicting severe disability and mortality in stroke patients and compare these ratios with conventional risk factors such as age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving 298 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients (within 72 h of onset). Fatty acid ratios were measured from plasma, and all patients’ evolution was followed through hospitalization. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of severe disability at discharge (Rankin 4–6) and in-hospital mortality, including fatty acid ratios and conventional risk factors. Results: A higher DHA/ARA ratio was associated with a reduced chance of severe disability (OR = 0.81), while a higher EPA/ARA ratio was associated with an increased chance of severe disability (OR = 1.70). Age was a significant factor, with older age (median 70 years) associated with a lower survivability chance (OR = 0.93) and a higher likelihood of severe disability when surviving. Fatty acid ratios did not significantly affect mortality outcomes. For male patients, EPA/AA ratios showed a powerful association with severe disability (p = 0.045), while no significant effect of fatty acids was observed in females. Conclusions: Fatty acids were significant predictors of severe disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke, independent of conventional risk factors, but without having any effect on in-hospital mortality. Age remained the only significant conventional risk factor predictor of outcome. Integrating fatty acid ratios alongside conventional risk factors may improve predictions of severe post-stroke disability, potentially guiding more personalized interventions for stroke patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Supplementation in Stroke Care)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1853 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Individualized Nutrition Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Dietary and Sleep Quality in Individuals with Prediabetes and Overweight or Obesity

by Raedeh Basiri and Yatisha Rajanala

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091507 (registering DOI) - 30 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Despite advances in public health and medical treatment, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing and it remains among the top 10 causes of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States. Early interventions with innovative approaches are essential to improving dietary intake and blood glucose control, potentially preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study examined the effects of integrating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Methods: Thirty participants were randomized to either the treatment (n = 15) or the control group (n = 15). Both groups received individualized nutrition recommendations tailored to energy needs for weight maintenance and blood glucose control. The treatment group had real-time access to CGM data, while the control group remained blinded. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed using ASA24 recall and analyzed via general linear model repeated measures. Results: Incorporating CGM feedback into nutrition therapy significantly increased whole-grain (p = 0.02) and plant-based protein intake (p = 0.02) in the treatment group, with trends toward increased fruit intake (p = 0.07) and a reduced percentage of calories from carbohydrates (p = 0.08). Sleep efficiency also improved significantly by 5% (p = 0.02) following the intervention. Conclusions: These findings support the effectiveness of CGM-enhanced nutrition therapy in improving diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Further research is needed to assess the sustainability and long-term impact of this approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Customized Dietary Interventions for Patients with Diabetes)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 630 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress of Oral Immune Tolerance Mechanism Induced by Whey Protein

by Mao Lin, Qianqian Zhang and Yanjun Cong

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091517 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Cow milk allergy (CMA) is prevalently observed among infants and young children, exerting adverse effects on their growth and quality of life. Oral immune tolerance (OIT) is a more effective method for the prevention and treatment of CMA. The site of OIT is mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, so this article reviews the composition and structural characteristics of intestinal immune system, the molecular mechanisms of immune tolerance by regulatory T cells (Treg), dendritic cells, and gut microbiota. In addition, this paper summarizes the research progress of T cell epitope peptides of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin in whey protein hydrolysates. The mechanism of OIT induced by whey protein hydrolysate or whey protein combined with other anti-allergic components (phenolic compounds, probiotics, etc.) is overviewed to provide new ideas for the development of hypoallergenic infant formula. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Gut Microbiota and Immunity)

11 pages, 201 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Screening During Pregnancy: Women’s Views of Weight Monitoring as Part of This Process

by Catherine R. Knight-Agarwal, Lorna Munro, Stacy Morgan, Ashley Gschwend, Cassie Fekete and Michelle Minehan

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091516 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, appropriate weight maintenance is one of the most important elements of human health, and this is especially true for pregnancy. Gestational weight gain below or above the recommended range is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. In addition, it may induce epigenetic changes leading to an increased risk of developing future chronic disease, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, in both the woman and her offspring. Despite this, little is known of the views and experiences of pregnant women regarding weight monitoring and advice during the antenatal period. Methods: A qualitative study using individual interviews was undertaken in south-eastern Australia. Sixteen women with varying body mass index participated. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. In any phenomenological study, the researcher’s objective is to elicit the participant’s views on their lived experiences. Results: Three major themes emerged: (1) The physiological perspective of weight monitoring during pregnancy; (2) The psychological perspective of weight monitoring during pregnancy; (3) The sociological perspective of weight monitoring during pregnancy. Conclusions: The findings from this study may assist the future development and support of weight monitoring information and practices for pregnant women. Women want more individualized support regarding weight monitoring during pregnancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Lifestyles for Maternal–Infant Health)

11 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Literacy as an Instrument for Health Promotion Among Hospital Workers: The “ABCibi Project”

by Samar El Sherbiny, Valeria Bellisario, Elena Lenta, Giacomo Scaioli, Giulia Squillacioti, Anna Rovera, Patrizia Lemma, Cloè Dalla Costa and Roberto Bono

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091515 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Health literacy (HL) promotes the achievement of skills and information useful to endorse health. Food Literacy (FL) is a subtype of HL related to the knowledge necessary to achieve a healthy diet. Methods: This pilot study aimed to assess and improve FL of hospital workers through a survey before and after an educational intervention consisting of nutrition courses, infographics, and updates to the canteen service. FL was evaluated with a questionnaire, and Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman and Wilcoxon test was performed to assess group differences. Results: Of 897 participants, 375 (T1) completed both surveys, while 522 completed only T0. A pairwise comparison stratified by role, age and education revealed a significant improvement in FL scores in the T1 group. Improvements were observed in the T1 group, with overall scores rising from 6.2 ± 2.7 to 6.9 ± 2.1 (p-value < 0.001). An upgrade was noted in healthcare workers (T0 = 6.5 ± 2.2 vs. T1 = 7 ± 2, p-value < 0.001), administrative workers (T0 = 5.5 ± 2.5 vs. T1 = 6.2 ± 2.4, p-value = 0.008), all age groups (T0 = 6.3 ± 2.4 vs. T1 = 6.8 ± 2, p-value = 0.03, T0 = 6.2 ± 2.3 vs. T1 = 6.7 ± 2.2, p-value = 0.02, T0 = 6.2 ± 2.3 vs. T1 = 7 ± 2, p-value = 0.003), low and high education (T0 = 5.7 ± 2.3 vs. T1 = 6.6 ± 2.1, p-value < 0.001, T0 = 6.6 ± 2.3 vs. T1 = 7.1 ± 2 p-value = 0.03). Conclusions: Our survey highlights the efficacy of a multifactorial intervention in enhancing FL and proves the importance of food health promotion within workplaces. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addressing the Health Impacts of Dietary Exposure: Enhancing Public Health Through Dietary Literacy and Experimental Methodologies)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

10 pages, 205 KiB

Open AccessArticle

NSAIDs, Ileal Inflammation, and Glucose Metabolism: Insights from a Large Retrospective Cohort

by Stephanie Hosanna Rodriguez, Gilles Jadd Hoilat, Nikash Pradhan, Carolina Gonzalez Bravo, Marcelo L. G. Correia and Mohamad Mokadem

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091514 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Ileitis, or inflammation of the terminal ileum, is often linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially Crohn’s disease, but may also arise from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. While NSAIDs are known to cause gastrointestinal injury, their role in ileitis and downstream metabolic consequences remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between NSAID use, biopsy-confirmed ileitis, and glucose metabolism abnormalities in patients with and without IBD. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3725 adults who underwent ileal biopsy between 2009 and 2022 at a tertiary care center. Patients were stratified based on histologic evidence of ileitis. Collected data included demographics, IBD status, NSAID and steroid use, hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, and diagnoses of abnormal glucose metabolism. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, BMI, sex, steroid use, and IBD. Results: Of 3725 patients, 876 had biopsy-confirmed ileitis. NSAID use—categorized as current, historical, or inpatient—was not significantly associated with ileitis after adjustment. In contrast, IBD was the strongest independent predictor (p < 0.05). Although unadjusted analyses showed lower A1C in the ileitis group (p = 0.003), this was not significant after controlling for confounders (p = 0.084). No significant associations were found between ileitis and fasting glucose or abnormal glucose metabolism. Age and BMI were the dominant predictors of glycemic abnormalities. Conclusions: NSAID use was not associated with biopsy-confirmed ileitis or impaired glucose metabolism. Traditional metabolic risk factors were stronger predictors of glycemic abnormalities than localized ileal inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)

19 pages, 2562 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Fiber Intake Improves Osteoporosis Caused by Chronic Lead Exposure by Restoring the Gut–Bone Axis

by Ruijian Wang, Jin Shen, Chunqing Han, Xiaodong Shi, Yan Gong, Xiping Hu, Zhongtang Jia, Miaomiao Wang and Yu Wu

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091513 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Lead (Pb), a pervasive environmental toxicant with specific toxicity to bone, has been recognized as a significant etiological factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. While dietary fiber (DF) demonstrates anti-osteoporotic potential, its protective role against Pb-induced bone loss remains unexplored. Methods: This study analyzed the association between dietary fiber, blood lead, and osteoporosis based on the NHANES database, and validated it by constructing a lead exposed mouse model. Micro CT was used to evaluate bone microstructure, ELISA was used to detect bone markers, q-PCR/Western blot was used to measure intestinal tight junction protein, flow cytometry was used to analyze Treg cells in colon/bone tissue, GC-MS was used to detect short chain fatty acids, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analyze changes in gut microbiota. The regulatory mechanism of dietary fiber on bone metabolism and intestinal barrier in lead exposed mice was systematically evaluated. Results: Based on NHANES data analysis, it was found that dietary fiber can reduce the risk of osteoporosis in lead exposed populations. Animal experiments have shown that dietary fiber intervention significantly increases bone density, improves bone microstructure and metabolic indicators, repairs intestinal barrier damage caused by lead exposure, and regulates immune balance in lead exposed mice. At the same time, it promotes the generation of short chain fatty acids and the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. Conclusions: These findings indicate that DF mitigates Pb-induced osteoporosis through gut barrier restoration, SCFA-mediated immunomodulation, and microbiota-driven Treg cell expansion along the gut–bone axis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

17 pages, 833 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Enhancing Muscle Strength Post-Surgery: A Systemic Review

by James Jia-Dong Wang, Glenys Shu-Wei Quak, Hui-Bing Lee, Li-Xin Foo, Phoebe Tay, Shi-Min Mah, Cherie Tong and Frederick Hong-Xiang Koh

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091512 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D is vital for musculoskeletal health, with emerging evidence highlighting its role in muscle function. While its preoperative and postoperative benefits for bone health are well documented, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on post-surgical muscle recovery remains underexplored. This systematic review consolidates current evidence on the impact of vitamin D supplementation in enhancing muscle strength following surgery. Methods: This review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted, covering articles from inception to 15 January 2025. Studies evaluating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength in surgical contexts were included. Data extraction focused on study design, population demographics, vitamin D dosage, timing, and measured outcomes. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes. Results: From 701 initial records, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation, particularly high-dose regimens administered preoperatively or early postoperatively, significantly improves muscle strength and functional outcomes in orthopaedic surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements, and bariatric surgeries. The benefits varied by surgical type, baseline vitamin D levels, and supplementation strategy. However, inconsistent dosing regimens and limited long-term follow-up studies hinder conclusive evidence. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation demonstrates potential in enhancing post-surgical muscle recovery and functional outcomes. Tailored supplementation strategies, based on patient-specific needs and surgical context, are essential. Future research should address optimal dosing regimens and evaluate long-term impacts on recovery and quality of life. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of a Multidisciplinary Residential Program on the Risk Factors of Sarcopenic Obesity: An Open-Label Trial Study in a Cohort of Institutionalized Italian Adults with Obesity

by Mariangela Rondanelli, Clara Gasparri, Alessia Moroni, Elisa Genovese, Eugenio Marzio Valentini, Giorgia Leone, Simone Perna and Giuseppe Mazzola

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091511 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenic obesity, characterized by excess fat and reduced muscle mass/function, is linked to chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a 2-month multidisciplinary residential program (MRP) on the clinical and functional outcomes associated with the risk of sarcopenia in 61 institutionalized Italian adults with obesity (mean age of 60; 36 women and 25 men; BMI ≥ 30 with metabolic comorbidities). The MRP included personalized nutrition, physical activity, and psychological support. Outcomes included anthropometric, biochemical, body composition, and physical performance measures (via Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), with sarcopenia risk evaluated using EWGSOP2 criteria. Results: Post-intervention, significant improvements were observed in SPPB scores (+0.93 units, p < 0.001), weight (−6.4 kg), BMI (−2.45 kg/m²), fat mass (−3.9 kg), visceral adipose tissue (−314.2 g), and fat-free mass index (−285.54 g; all p < 0.01). Glycemic control improved, with reductions in fasting glucose (−16.4 mg/dL), HbA1c (−0.81%), insulin (−2.77 mcU/mL), and HOMA-IR (−0.95; p < 0.05). Lipid profiles also improved, including total cholesterol (−21.32 mg/dL), LDL (−12.10 mg/dL), and triglycerides (−39.07 mg/dL; all p < 0.001). Conclusions: The MRP effectively enhanced body composition, metabolic health, and physical function, underscoring its potential as a preferred strategy for managing sarcopenic obesity in institutional settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Muscle Metabolism)

16 pages, 1005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Motivators and Facilitators of Fruit and Vegetable Intake in Tongan Adults

by Emily Mitchell, Crystal Áke, Steven Underhill and Sarah Burkhart

Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091510 - 29 Apr 2025

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Changes to food systems and food environments across the Pacific Islands region have influenced dietary behaviors. While dietary intake is limited, it is believed that fruit and vegetable consumption is low within these populations. Given the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption, this exploratory study aimed to identify the motivators and facilitators of fruit and vegetable intake in a subset of Tongan adults. Methods: Semi-structured, 30 min interviews were conducted in Tongan with 12 participants (5 fieldworkers and 3 female community members who were interviewed separately and 4 women who took part in a small group interview). The responses were translated into English and were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Most participants thought that low fruit and vegetable consumption was of concern in Tongan communities. All participants agreed that diverse fruit and vegetable consumption is a priority for Tongan people and that communities are motivated to consume more fruits and vegetables. A total of 12 themes were derived from the results: 6 motivational and 6 facilitating, including determinants such as dietary patterns (taste and culture), community engagement/working in groups, and financial factors. Conclusions: While using a small sample size from Tongatapu, this provides a valuable insight from the Tongan communities’ perspectives on motivators and facilitators of fruit and vegetable consumption. The results offer policymakers, government, and NGOs contextually relevant and up-to-date data that can be used when developing health and nutrition programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Food Systems for Health in the Pacific: Towards Healthy Islands)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

More Books and Reprints...

E-Mail Alert

News

30 April 2025
Richard DiMarchi and Rolf Müller Share the 2024 Tu Youyou Award

30 April 2025
Nutrients | Highly Cited Papers in 2023–2024 in the Section “Geriatric Nutrition”

30 April 2025
Nutrients | Highly Cited Papers in 2023–2024 in the Section “Micronutrients and Human Health”

More News & Announcements...

Topics

Propose a Topic

Topic in CIMB, Foods, IJMS, Sci. Pharm., Antioxidants, Nutrients

Nutrients, Food Bioactives, and Functional Foods in Gastrointestinal and Metabolic Disorders Topic Editors: Samuel Fernández-Tomé, Ortega Moreno Lorena
Deadline: 31 May 2025

Topic in Healthcare, IJERPH, JCM, Nutrients, Sports

Effects of Exercise Behavior and Amount of Exercise on Public Health: How to Overcome Barriers to Increase Adherence Topic Editors: Joao Gustavo Oliveira Claudino, Paula Alves Monteiro, Ana Carolina Paludo, Helder Fonseca, Enrico Fuini Puggina, Romulo Fernandes, Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues, Julio Cerca Serrao
Deadline: 1 July 2025

Topic in Analytica, Antioxidants, Biomedicines, Nutrients, Separations, Molecules, IJMS

Discovery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Organisms and Their Molecular Mechanisms against Diseases Topic Editors: Jun Dang, Tengfei Ji, Xinxin Zhang
Deadline: 31 July 2025

Topic in Agriculture, Animals, Foods, Nutrients, World

The New Era of Food and Agriculture: Sustainable Strategies to Achieve Zero Hunger Topic Editors: Petru Alexandru Vlaicu, Arabela Elena Untea, Teodora Popova
Deadline: 31 August 2025