Diagnostics, Volume 13, Issue 19

Skin lesion classification plays a crucial role in dermatology, aiding in the early detection, diagnosis, and management of life-threatening malignant lesions. However, standalone transfer learning (TL) models failed to deliver optimal performance. I...

Aim: The study aims to test the hypothesis that concentrations of adropin and afamin differ between patients in various stages of chronic kidney disease when compared with healthy controls. The study also investigates the association of the biomarker...

Maxillary sinus fungal ball (MSFB) is the most common type of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Since MSFB requires a unique treatment strategy and is associated with potentially severe complications, timely and precise diagnosis is crucial. Comput...

(1) Introduction: Although historically, the lung has been considered a sterile organ, recent studies through 16S rRNA gene sequencing have identified a substantial number of microorganisms. The human microbiome has been considered an “essentia...

The study utilizes osteosarcoma hematoxylin and the Eosin-stained image dataset, which is unevenly dispersed, and it raises concerns about the potential impact on the overall performance and reliability of any analyses or models derived from the data...

Background: Colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at “challenging sites” such as the cecum, ascending colon, and colonic flexures could be difficult even for expert endoscopists due to poor endoscope stability/maneuverability, st...

Background. Technological advancement may bridge gaps between long-practiced medical competencies and modern technologies. Such a domain is the application of digital stethoscopes used for physical examination in telemedicine. This study aimed to val...

Glomeruli are interconnected capillaries in the renal cortex that are responsible for blood filtration. Damage to these glomeruli often signifies the presence of kidney disorders like glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis, which can ultimately le...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health challenge that requires timely detection and accurate prognosis for effective treatment and management. The application of machine learning (ML) algorithms for CKD detection and prediction h...

Patients with type 1 diabetes must continually decide how much insulin to inject before each meal to maintain blood glucose levels within a healthy range. Recent research has worked on a solution for this burden, showing the potential of reinforcemen...

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, involving mainly the lungs and central nervous system; however, the skin, eyes and genitourinary tract could also be involved as secondary sites of infection. Primary cutaneo...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and diagnostically challenging condition. [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT is valuable for evaluating suspected IE, but it is susceptible to motion-related artefacts. This study investigated the potential benefits of cardiac m...

The study by Chen et al. of a 56-year-old man diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM) had a significant impact on us. The authors provided a comprehensive account of their diagnostic journey and emphasized the need to differentiate...

Skin lesions are essential for the early detection and management of a number of dermatological disorders. Learning-based methods for skin lesion analysis have drawn much attention lately because of improvements in computer vision and machine learnin...

Background and Objectives: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects both genders, but the knowledge of clinical and therapeutic aspects particular to each gender has a prognostic value, modulating the risk of amputation and helping to reduce the risk...

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is a marker of wild-type hepatitis B virus replication. In resource-limited countries where access to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) remains a challenge, rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) constitute a good alternat...

Background: In STEMIs, the evaluation of the relationship between biomarkers of myocardial injury and patients’ prognoses has not been completely explored. Increased levels of CK-MB in patients with a STEMI undergoing primary angioplasty are kn...

Since there are no morphological clues capable of making a pathologist suspect a possible mammary origin of a metastatic lesion without adequate clinical information, the histologic diagnosis of brain metastasis from BC is still based on the immunohi...

Among the most serious types of cancer is skin cancer. Despite the risk of death, when caught early, the rate of survival is greater than 95%. This inspires researchers to explore methods that allow for the early detection of skin cancer that could s...

Since its introduction in 2016, researchers have applied the idea of Federated Learning (FL) to several domains ranging from edge computing to banking. The technique’s inherent security benefits, privacy-preserving capabilities, ease of scalabi...

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical surgery could be a safe alternative to chemo-radiation in cervical cancer patients who are not willing to receive radiotherapy. The response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the main factor influencing the need for...

Ampullary neoplastic lesions (ANLs) represent a rare cancer, accounting for about 0.6–0.8% of all gastrointestinal malignancies, and about 6–17% of periampullary tumors. They can be sporadic or occur in the setting of a hereditary predisp...

Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have rapidly transformed various sectors, and the field of echocardiography is no exception. AI-driven technologies hold immense potential to revolutionize echo labs’ diagnostic capabilities and improve pa...

Purpose: By incorporating the cost of multiple tumor-marker tests, this work aims to comprehensively evaluate the financial burden of patients and the accuracy of machine learning models in diagnosing malignant pleural effusion (MPE) using tumor-mark...

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether radiomic features extracted solely from the edema of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) could predict the occurrence of lung metastasis in comparison with features extracted solely from the tumoral mass. Mat...

Medical diagnosis is the basis for treatment and management decisions in healthcare. Conventional methods for medical diagnosis commonly use established clinical criteria and fixed numerical thresholds. The limitations of such an approach may result...

Although wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) detects small bowel diseases effectively, it has some limitations. For example, the reading process can be time consuming due to the numerous images generated per case and the lesion detection accuracy may re...

Accurate and early detection of malignant pelvic mass is important for a suitable referral, triage, and for further care for the women diagnosed with a pelvic mass. Several deep learning (DL) methods have been proposed to detect pelvic masses but oth...

Sarcoidosis has been a well-recognised risk factor for pulmonary hypertension (PH) for a long time, but still, the knowledge about this concatenation is incomplete. Sarcoidosis-associated PH (SAPH) is an uncommon but serious complication associated w...

Background: Many patients with Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) may not show noticeable symptoms until they become intervention and help prevent critically ill, which can result in fatal outcomes. Thus, it is crucial to screen people at high risk of T...

Embryological development of the pancreas is a complex phenomenon and, therefore, it can have multiple developmental aberrations. Fortunately, the majority of these pancreatic ductal anomalies are asymptomatic with no clinical relevance and are incid...

A 66-year-old woman presented with an incidental left thyroid nodule during a health examination. She had no voice change, shortness of breath, cough, or dysphagia. Repeated sonography showed a dynamic change of the lesion, which was more evident fol...

Nowadays, a substantial number of our patients have multimorbidity, and need treatment for complex diseases [...]

Background: Correctly distinguishing mass-forming chronic pancreatitis (MFCP) from pancreatic cancer (PC) is of clinical significance to determine optimal therapy and improve the prognosis of patients. According to research, inflammation status in PC...

Asphyxia, a leading cause of illness and death in newborns, can be improved by early detection and management. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is commonly used to diagnose and manage asphyxia, but it is invasive and carries risks. Dermal interstiti...

Aim: The aim was to identify, evaluate, and summarize the findings of relevant individual studies on the precision and accuracy of radiological BA assessment procedures among children from different ethnic groups. Materials and Methods: A qualitative...

We report a case of colloid carcinoma (CC) arising from an intestinal-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia (IPMNHGD) of the pancreas, diagnosed with serial pancreatic juice aspiration cytological examination (SPACE)....

(1) Background: Twisted carotid bifurcations (CBs) lead to lateralized external carotid arteries (ECAs). Such variants are usually reported on a case-by-case basis. We aimed to study the anatomical possibilities of the axial spin of CB. (2) Methods:...

Neuroimaging holds an essential position in global healthcare, as brain-related disorders are a substantial and growing burden. Non-degenerative disorders such as stress, depression and anxiety share common function related traits of diffuse and fluc...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has a high spatial resolution and is useful in identifying coronary lesions with high-risk features (vulnerable plaques). These plaques are strongly associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this report, we...

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common type of cancer that affects the urinary bladder. The early detection and management of BCa is critical for successful treatment and patient outcomes. In recent years, researchers have been exploring the use of biomark...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes. It affects a large portion of the population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Existing systems assist clinicians in treating DR patients. However, these systems entail significantly high...

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to analyze labial minor salivary gland biopsy (MSGB) findings of a large sicca cohort and to examine their associations with Sjogren’s syndrome (SS)-associated laboratory markers, phenotypic characteris...

A well-known eye disorder called diabetic retinopathy (DR) is linked to elevated blood glucose levels. Cotton wool spots, confined veins in the cranial nerve, AV nicking, and hemorrhages in the optic disc are some of its symptoms, which often appear...

The pathology is decisive for disease diagnosis but relies heavily on experienced pathologists. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of artificial intelligence in pathology (AIP) to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. H...

We investigated the prognosis of BCG induction-only treatment and non-complete response (CR) at the first 3-month evaluation and examined factors associated with CR. In total, 209 patients with moderate- and high-risk NMIBC who received BCG induction...

Breast cancer is a common cause of female mortality in developing countries. Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes. Breast cancer develops from breast cells and is considered a leading cause of death in women. This disease...

The development of therapeutic agents targeting products of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements has improved survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. EGFR and ALK muta...

Unexplained and unexpected pediatric deaths are a major challenge in global healthcare. The role of the forensic pathologist is crucial in determining the cause and manner of death in these cases, although to date, there are many limitations in post-...

Bilateral knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant challenges to individuals’ functional abilities, including quadriceps strength, postural stability, and pain perception. Understanding the complex relationships among these factors is crucial...