Diagnostics, Volume 15, Issue 23

Background: Computed tomography (CT)-based sarcopenia is a promising predictor of postoperative complications and recovery. However, studies on the longitudinal evolution of skeletal muscle markers are lacking and findings regarding its correlation w...

Background: Ocular toxoplasmosis remains the leading cause of posterior uveitis worldwide. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides valuable insights into the structural alterations associated with this condition. The present study aimed to charac...

Background: Precise delineation of the rectum is crucial in treatment planning for cancers in the pelvic region, such as prostate and cervical cancers. Manual segmentation is also still time-consuming and suffers from inter-observer variability. Sinc...

Background/Objectives: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric disorder, and effective, efficient automated diagnostic approaches are urgently needed. Traditional methods for assessing MDD face three key challenges: reliance on predef...

Introduction: Routine second trimester anomaly scans include standard cardiac planes, yet detailed cardiac morphometry is not part of current practice. We hypothesized that a comprehensive set of cardiac measurements could be obtained from these stan...

Background/Objectives: Muscle strain impairs mobility and quality of life, yet ultrasound diagnosis remains dependent on subjective expert interpretation, which can lead to variability in lesion detection. This study aimed to develop and evaluate MS-...

Omics sciences are revolutionizing the field of biomedical and dental research by allowing for an integrated understanding of the molecular basis of health and disease. This narrative review analyzes the role of these novel technologies supporting th...

Background/Objectives: We measured hepatic T2*, T1, and T2 values in N = 81 transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) patients to assess and compare their reproducibility, evaluate their correlations with demographics and clinical parameters, and explo...

Background/Objectives: Segmental non-mass enhancement (NME) is the breast MRI distribution pattern with the highest positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy. Despite its diagnostic relevance, its imaging characteristics have rarely been examine...

Background/Objectives: Diode lasers are used as adjuncts for endodontic disinfection, but their depth-resolved effects on root dentin are insufficiently described. This ex vivo study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to qualitatively document l...

Background/Objectives: Trochlear nerve palsy (TNP) is a clinically significant neuro-ophthalmic disorder with a broad and heterogeneous etiologic spectrum. Due to the trochlear nerve (TN)’s long intracranial course and its proximity to key neur...

Background/Objectives: In recent years, people have been facing a lot of difficulties in handling stress, emotions, social, and behavioral issues, which have led to severe mental disorders. Schizophrenia is one disorder that requires more attention....

Background and Clinical Significance: Advanced periodontitis with severe vertical bone loss and grade III mobility is usually managed by extraction and implant placement. Digital workflows and modern regenerative techniques have opened the possibilit...

Airway obstruction may lead to dentofacial dysmorphogenesis, with severity influenced by age, duration, and extent of obstruction. Aims: to evaluate long-term craniofacial changes in children with a history of mouth breathing, comparing outcomes betw...

Cine (dynamic) MRI is a non-invasive MRI technique that captures moving images and can be valuable in evaluating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This sequence shows emerging potential in providing functional data to assess bowel motility patterns,...

Background: Women’s health has historically served as an incubator for major medical innovations yet often faces relative neglect in sustained funding and implementation. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) presen...

Background and Clinical Significance: Fever of undetermined origin (FUO is a diagnostic challenge. It is essential to exclude infections, paraneoplastic syndromes, and large-vessel vasculitis (LVV). Case presentation: We describe a 59-year-old female...

Background: Pneumoconiosis is associated with chronic pulmonary and systemic complications, yet its relationship with pleural empyema remains insufficiently defined. This study evaluated the risk of pleural empyema among individuals with pneumoconios...

We present the case of a 95-year-old female patient who presented with erosions and scarring of the scalp, accompanied by long-term hair loss. Due to multiple comorbidities, she was treated with several medications, including zolpidem for insomnia. C...

Background: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) have emerged as an important predictor of future dementia, with the SCD-plus framework emphasizing the prognostic value of cognitive concern and informant corroboration. Most research has focused on t...

Background/Objectives: The cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is a critical neurovascular structure with complex cranial nerve relationships. Understanding its morphometric variability is essential for safe microsurgical and endov...

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify systemic, metabolic, and host-related prognostic factors for long-term outcomes in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods: One hundred patients were selected from a high-risk co...

This paper provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in ophthalmology, with a focus on diagnosing dry eye disease (DED). We aim to synthesize studies that explicitly compare AI-based diagnostic models with clinical tests emplo...

Background: Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder defined by the invagination of ectopic endometrial-like tissue into the myometrium, causing heavy menstrual bleeding and pain. While its pathogenesis remains unclear, shared-symptomology with endom...

Age-related cognitive decline and individual differences in dementia susceptibility are increasingly explained through the concept of cognitive reserve (CR). CR reflected the brain’s adaptive capacity to sustain cognitive performance despite Al...

Background and Clinical Significance: Understanding early brain development in infants is essential as identifying an abnormal pattern could accelerate the start of early interventions. There is still limited evidence on how external stimuli (such as...

Background: Early and accurate cancer detection remains a critical challenge in global healthcare. Deep learning has shown strong diagnostic potential, yet widespread adoption is limited by dependence on high-performance hardware, centralized servers...

Background: The TriageHF algorithm provides remote monitoring for heart failure (HF), but its clinical implementation is limited by a high rate of false positive alerts. Objective: To assess whether incorporating alarm duration and individual time at...

Background/Objectives: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains a major public health concern in Taiwan, particularly in southern regions with high endemicity. While HCV elimination is a national priority, resources are often limited. Relying solely o...

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disorder characterized by structural and functional abnormalities, in particular left or biventricular chamber dilatation and systolic dysfunction, occurring without evidence of coronary artery...

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) continues to be underrecognized and inadequately treated. We aimed to investigate the current status of FH diagnosis and treatment in South Korea. Methods: Patients from two tertiary hospitals in South K...

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system inflammatory disease that poses several challenges to clinicians involved. Detecting advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis (APS) remains crucial at presentation as well as at every clinic visit since such a form of the disease...

Background/Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections remain a major challenge in intensive care units (ICUs), where delays in diagnosis and suboptimal antimicrobial therapy significantly impact outcomes. This narrative review synthe...

Background/Objectives: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer in Caucasian populations. While dermoscopy supports diagnosis, accurate subtype classification requires histopathology. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomograph...

Background/Objectives: Granzyme B (GZB) PET Imaging is a non-invasive tool that can determine tumoral and systemic effects in immunotherapy. We aim to evaluate ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-CYT-200 PET Imaging as a molecular imaging approach to determine CAR T-cell ther...

Background and Clinical Significance: Eosinophilic liver abscess (ELA) is a rare benign condition that can mimic malignant liver tumors on imaging studies. The diagnostic challenge is further compounded when 18F-FDG PET-CT demonstrates high metabolic...

Background and Objectives: Bleeding is a major cause of mortality in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The predictive power of the standard International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasi...

Background: Previously unreported, the induction of the magnet mode is time-dependent, according to the cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) manufacturer, directly after device interrogation. The aim of this study was to systematically invest...

Background/Objectives: Despite the complementary insights provided by body plethysmography and impulse oscillometry, direct comparisons across obstructive and restrictive lung diseases remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation...

Background/Objectives: Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have revolutionized the treatment of advanced cutaneous melanoma. However, predicting individual response and managing resistance remain major challenges. This narrative review aims to evaluat...

Background: Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, for which early detection is crucial and can lead to positive survival outcomes. Advances in AI, particularly large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-5, present promising opportunities to su...

Background/Objectives: Differentiating benign, premalignant, and early malignant vocal fold lesions is challenging. Perpendicular vascular changes (PVCs) per the European Laryngological Society (ELS) are key malignancy indicators. Enhanced contact en...

Background/Objectives: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a significant diagnostic and public health challenge worldwide. Despite widespread vaccination, underdiagnosis persists among adults in Saudi Arabia. This study estimated HBV prevalence and ident...

FDG PET/CT often underperforms in characterizing hyper-enhancing, FDG-non-avid renal masses. We present two cases illustrating the potential of ⁶⁸Ga-NY104, a novel small-molecule tracer targeting carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), for this differential di...

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of aesthetic assessments performed by artificial intelligence (AI)-based large language models (LLMs) using the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (...

Background/Objectives: This is the first prospective, same-day, multi-modality comparison of lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest radiography (CXR) for detecting acute heart failure (AHF) in non-critical patients with dyspnoea, examining the impact of chr...

Background/Objectives: Spinal MRI segmentation has become increasingly important with the prevalence of disc herniation and vertebral injuries. Artificial intelligence can help orthopedic surgeons and radiologists automate the process of segmentation...

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) accounts for ~70% of global dementia cases, with projections estimating 139 million affected individuals by 2050. This increasing burden highlights the urgent need for accessible, cost-effective d...

Background: Myogenous temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) typically present with pain but without obvious restriction of mandibular motion, making subtle dysfunctions difficult to detect clinically. In this study, we evaluated mandibular kinematics in...

Background: In lung cancer, the occurrence of brain metastasis (BM) is closely associated with the heterogeneity of the primary lung tumor. This study aimed to develop a habitat-based radiomics model using enhanced computed tomography (CT) lung imagi...