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World Electric Vehicle Journal, Volume 16, Issue 5

2025 May - 47 articles

Cover Story: How reliable are current battery aging tests compared to actual battery electric vehicle usage? While laboratory test procedures aim to accelerate degradation, they often neglect key operational features such as frequent and extended rest phases. These pauses enable internal relaxation processes that influence lithium distribution and degradation characteristics. Ignoring such effects in long-term aging tests alters cell behavior and results in inaccurate lifetime predictions. Emerging insights into the interplay between cycling protocols, stress factors, and cell inhomogeneities call for a reassessment of standard test designs. Aligning accelerated aging methods more closely with real-world conditions is essential to ensure meaningful and reliable evaluation of battery performance and durability. View this paper
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Articles (47)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,360 Views
23 Pages

Mediating Role of 6V-Based SBMI Between Competitive Strategies and Firm Performance: An Empirical Study of China’s Electric Vehicle Industry

  • Xiaohui Zang,
  • Raja Nazim Abdullah,
  • Yi Feng,
  • Mingling Wu,
  • Yanqiu Lu,
  • Enzhou Zhu and
  • Yingfeng Zhang

Strategic management and sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) are widely recognized important firm performance. This study develops a theoretical framework that integrates competitive strategy, SBMI, and performance, with SBMI conceptualized...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
15,682 Views
24 Pages

Evaluating Carbon Emissions: A Lifecycle Comparison Between Electric and Conventional Vehicles

  • Farhan Hameed Malik,
  • Walid Ayadi,
  • Ghulam Amjad Hussain,
  • Zunaib Maqsood Haider,
  • Fawwaz Alkhatib and
  • Matti Lehtonen

Due to global warming, ozone depletion and their ramifications on the Arctic and Antarctic snowscapes, there has been an incentivized drive towards net zero-carbon emission policies by several countries. These policies extend to several sectors, incl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,888 Views
20 Pages

With the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), optimizing their charging and discharging strategies to improve energy efficiency and extend battery life has become a focal point of current research. Traditional charging and discharging stra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,996 Views
31 Pages

Applying QFD to the Vehicle Market Deployment Process

  • Marta Pino-Servian,
  • Álvaro de la Puente-Gil,
  • Antonio Colmenar-Santos and
  • Enrique Rosales-Asensio

This study presents a practical methodology for systematically incorporating customer expectations and needs into the market implementation of electric vehicles (EVs). Utilising Quality Function Deployment (QFD), companies can evaluate and understand...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
998 Views
19 Pages

In intelligent cluster systems, the spatio-temporal complexity of agent data collection and resource allocation, as well as the problems in collaborative organizations, present substantial challenges to efficient resource distribution. To address thi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,578 Views
19 Pages

Temperature-Influenced SOC Estimation of LiFePO4 Batteries in Hybrid Electric Tractors Based on SAO-LSTM Model

  • Yiwei Wu,
  • Xiaohui Liu,
  • Jingyun Zhang,
  • Mengnan Liu,
  • Lin Wang,
  • Xiaoxiao Du and
  • Xianghai Yan

LiFePO4 batteries are widely used in hybrid electric tractors due to their high energy density, stable working voltage, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, absence of memory effect, environmental friendliness, and flexible sizing. Accurate Stat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,596 Views
24 Pages

Hybrid Vehicle Battery Health State Estimation Based on Intelligent Regenerative Braking Control

  • Chellappan Kavitha,
  • Gupta Gautam,
  • Ravi Sudeep,
  • Chidambaram Kannan and
  • Bragadeshwaran Ashok

In response to the evolving transportation landscape, the safety and durability of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) necessitate the development of high-performance, reliable health management systems for batteries. The state of health (SOH) provides v...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,503 Views
15 Pages

An Artificial Neural Network-Based Battery Management System for LiFePO4 Batteries

  • Roger Painter,
  • Ranganathan Parthasarathy,
  • Lin Li,
  • Irucka Embry,
  • Lonnie Sharpe and
  • S. Keith Hargrove

We present a reduced-order battery management system (BMS) for lithium-ion cells in electric and hybrid vehicles that couples a physics-based single-particle model (SPM) derived from the Cahn–Hilliard phase-field formulation with a lumped heat-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,106 Views
23 Pages

Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology can significantly improve data acquisition in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, which are characterized by wide distribution and limited capacity of ground-based devices. However, due to the o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,745 Views
16 Pages

This study presents a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for the Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) in electric vehicles (EVs) to optimize energy efficiency while maintaining battery temperature within the optimal range. Due to the complex...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,758 Views
21 Pages

This paper presents an optimization model for the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles (EV) designed to minimize installation costs, maximize the utilization of photovoltaic energy, reduce dependency on the electrical grid, and optimize charg...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,741 Views
18 Pages

The aging effect weakens the capacity of lithium batteries, seriously affecting the performance of electric vehicles. Developing state-of-health estimation technology for lithium batteries can help to optimize the charging and discharging strategies...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,067 Views
22 Pages

A Road-Adaptive Vibration Reduction System with Fuzzy PI Control Approach for Electric Bicycles

  • Chao-Li Meng,
  • Van-Tung Bui,
  • Chyi-Ren Dow,
  • Shun-Ming Chang and
  • Yueh-E (Bonnie) Lu

Riding comfort and safety are essential requirements for any form of transportation but particularly for electric bicycles (e-bikes), which are highly affected by varying road conditions. These factors largely depend on the effectiveness of the e-bik...

  • Article
  • Open Access
929 Views
19 Pages

Stepwise Segmented Skewed Pole Modulation Vibration Reduction Design for Integer-Slot Motors

  • Huawei Wu,
  • Shaokang Lu,
  • Xiaoyuan Zhu,
  • Weiye Li and
  • Jianping Peng

To optimize the modulated vibration generated by the integer-slot interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), a stepwise segmented skewed pole method was proposed, using an 8-pole 48-slot IPMSM as an example. First, the vibration characteris...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,008 Views
33 Pages

In order to solve the problems of traditional RRT algorithms that are too random in planning, have low planning efficiency, and have insufficient security, this paper proposes an algorithm that fuses APF and the improved bidirectional RRT* algorithm...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,666 Views
22 Pages

Dynamic Closed-Loop Validation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbench for Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles

  • Marc Timur Düzgün,
  • Christian Heusch,
  • Sascha Krysmon,
  • Christian Dönitz,
  • Sung-Yong Lee,
  • Jakob Andert and
  • Stefan Pischinger

The complexity and shortening of development cycles in the automotive industry, particularly with the rise in hybrid electric vehicle sales, increases the need for efficient calibration and testing methods. Virtualization using hardware-in-the-loop t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,491 Views
31 Pages

This article presents an alternative variant of motion planning techniques for autonomous vehicles (AVs) centered on an inverse approach that concurrently optimizes both trajectory and speed. This method emphasizes searching for a trajectory and dist...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,130 Views
14 Pages

To address the performance degradation in model predictive control (MPC) under vehicle state uncertainties caused by external disturbances (e.g., crosswinds and tire cornering stiffness variations) and rigid constraint conflicts, we propose a robust...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,011 Views
14 Pages

Experimental Study on Distributed Measurement of Internal Pressure in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Thin-Film Sensors

  • Qingyun Liu,
  • Xiuwu Wang,
  • Jiangong Zhu,
  • Guiwen Jiang,
  • Xuezhe Wei and
  • Haifeng Dai

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as their core energy storage units, have become increasingly prominent. The variation in internal battery pressure is closely related to crit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,125 Views
14 Pages

This article introduces a novel hybrid database architecture that combines graph and time-series databases to enhance the storage and management of transportation data, particularly for electric vehicles (EVs). This model addresses a critical challen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,362 Views
21 Pages

This paper shows that lithium-ion battery model parameters are vital for state-of-health assessment and performance optimization. Traditional evolutionary algorithms often fail to balance global and local search. To address these challenges, this stu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,401 Views
15 Pages

Data-Driven Battery Remaining Life Prediction Based on ResNet with GA Optimization

  • Jixiang Zhou,
  • Weijian Huang,
  • Haiyan Dai,
  • Chuang Wang and
  • Yuhua Zhong

As lithium batteries are widely used in mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles, accurately assessing the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of lithium-ion batteries is crucial to ensure the stable operation of the devices, improve energy efficiency...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,924 Views
24 Pages

Power systems’ increased running costs and overuse of fossil fuels have resulted in continuing energy scarcity and momentous energy gap challenges worldwide. Renewable energy sources can meet exponential energy growth, lower reliance on fossil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,003 Views
15 Pages

Targeting the problem whereby electric vehicle charging loads have large temporal randomness, which affects the accuracy of load prediction, an electric vehicle charging load prediction method based on an improved long short-term memory (LSTM) neural...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,022 Views
20 Pages

Impacts of Electric Vehicle Penetration on the Frequency Stability of Curaçao’s Power Network

  • Daniela Vásquez-Cardona,
  • Sergio D. Saldarriaga-Zuluaga,
  • Santiago Bustamante-Mesa,
  • Jesús M. López-Lezama and
  • Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano

Assessing the impact of electric vehicle (EV) integration on power systems is crucial, particularly regarding frequency stability, which often remains largely unaddressed, especially in developing countries. This paper examines the effects of EV pene...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,277 Views
19 Pages

Comparative Analysis of Electric Buses as a Sustainable Transport Mode Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Methods

  • Antonio Barragán-Escandón,
  • Henry Armijos-Cárdenas,
  • Adrián Armijos-García,
  • Esteban Zalamea-León and
  • Xavier Serrano-Guerrero

The transition to electric public transportation is crucial for reducing the carbon footprint and promoting environmental sustainability. However, successful implementation requires strong public policies, including tax incentives and educational pro...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
744 Views
16 Pages

Intelligent driving technology can effectively improve transportation efficiency and vehicle safety and has become a development trend in automotive technology. As one of the core technologies of autonomous driving, path tracking control is directly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,846 Views
21 Pages

A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is typically run at low speed with a sensorless control system using a high-frequency signal injection method. However, current harmonic and gain errors compromise rotor position observation accuracy. In th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
773 Views
13 Pages

Hybridization of ADM-Type Rail Service Cars for Enhanced Efficiency and Environmental Sustainability

  • Ziyoda Mukhamedova,
  • Ergash Asatov,
  • Rustam Kuchkarbaev,
  • Gulamova Madina and
  • Dilbar Mukhamedova

The hybridization of ADM-Type Rail Service Cars aims to enhance energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness within Uzbekistan’s railway network. Diesel-powered service cars currently contribute to high fuel consumpti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,970 Views
21 Pages

Analyzing the performance characteristics and applicable environments of intelligent vehicle lateral control algorithms, this paper establishes the Model Predictive Control (MPC), Pure Pursuit (PP), and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) algorithms and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,730 Views
21 Pages

This study addresses the optimization of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with prioritized customers by introducing and comparing two advanced solution approaches: a metaheuristic-based hyperheuristic framework and a Variational Autoencoder (VAE)-ba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,312 Views
24 Pages

The automotive 12 V power net is undergoing significant transitions driven by increasing power demand, higher availability requirements, and the aim to reduce wiring harness complexity. These changes are prompting a transformation of the power net ar...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,084 Views
15 Pages

As the number of electric vehicles increases, effective charging infrastructure planning and grid load management strategies become more important. This requires a better understanding of charging behaviors and accurate forecasting of charging demand...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,630 Views
30 Pages

The Overlooked Role of Battery Cell Relaxation: How Reversible Effects Manipulate Accelerated Aging Characterization

  • Markus Schreiber,
  • Theresa Steiner,
  • Jonas Kayl,
  • Benedikt Schönberger,
  • Cristina Grosu and
  • Markus Lienkamp

Aging experiments are pivotal for car manufacturers to ensure the reliability of their battery cells. However, realistic aging methods are time-consuming and resource-intensive, necessitating accelerated aging techniques. While these techniques reduc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
882 Views
18 Pages

Numerous voltage vectors exist in a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) three-level inverter. Traditional three-level model predictive control incurs a heavy online computational burden. This paper proposes a model predictive torque control strategy for NPC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,467 Views
26 Pages

Assessing the urban green transportation development level (UGTDL) is of great significance for addressing traffic issues in megacities and promoting urban sustainable development. An evaluation framework for the UGTDL is proposed based on Multi-Crit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,135 Views
23 Pages

Aiming at exploring a high-precision unbalanced electromagnetic force model suitable for the dynamic simulation of wheel hub direct-drive electric vehicles, this article establishes the unbalanced electromagnetic force model under static eccentricity...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,212 Views
19 Pages

To enhance the precision and real-time performance of trajectory tracking control in differential-steering intelligent sweeping robots and to improve the adaptability of the control algorithm to errors caused by sensor noise, tire slip, and skid, an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,576 Views
31 Pages

Grid capacity constraints present a prominent challenge in the construction of ultra-fast charging (UFC) stations. Active load management (ALM) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are currently two primary countermeasures to address this issue...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,051 Views
26 Pages

To address the issue of over-regulation of the temperature of a liquid-cooled power battery thermal management system under the plowing condition of electric tractors, which leads to high energy consumption, a nonlinear model prediction control (NMPC...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,483 Views
23 Pages

Investigation of Harmonic Losses to Reduce Rotor Copper Loss in Induction Motors for Traction Applications

  • Muhammad Salik Siddique,
  • Hulusi Bülent Ertan,
  • Muhammad Shahab Alam and
  • Muhammad Umer Khan

The focus of this paper is to seek means of increasing induction motor efficiency to a comparable level to a permanent magnet motor. Harmonic and high-frequency losses increase the rotor core and copper loss, often limiting IM efficiency. The researc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,639 Views
16 Pages

The different pole–slot combinations of outer rotor surface-mounted permanent magnet (ORSPM) motors are designed and analyzed to satisfy EV driving requirements. Firstly, the analytical model for various slot–pole combinations of ORSPM mo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,574 Views
28 Pages

Integrating autonomous vehicles (AVs) into urban traffic systems presents significant opportunities for optimizing traffic flow, reducing congestion, and enhancing transportation efficiency. This study proposes a comprehensive framework that combines...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,703 Views
25 Pages

The introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on roadways will result in a mixed vehicle environment consisting of these vehicles and manual vehicles (MVs). This vehicular environment will impact intersection sight distances (ISDs) due to differences...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,951 Views
21 Pages

A trajectory planning method is proposed to address the lane-changing problem in intelligent vehicles. The method is based on quintic polynomial improvement. The transit position is determined according to the position and state of motion of the vehi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,146 Views
24 Pages

Electric vehicles have garnered substantial attention as an environmentally sustainable transportation alternative amid escalating global concerns regarding ecological preservation and energy resource management. While the proliferation of electric v...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
15 Citations
13,939 Views
15 Pages

The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable last-mile delivery solutions in urban environments. This paper explores the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and artificial intelligence (AI) into a combined...

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World Electr. Veh. J. - ISSN 2032-6653