Pharmaceuticals, Volume 18, Issue 5

Background/Objectives: Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by hyperuricemia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, leading to joint damage and systemic inflammation. Although allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibi...

Background: Horwoodia dicksoniae Turrill. (Brassicaceae) and Stipa capensis Thunb. (Poaceae) are commonly grown in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study evaluated the antibacterial and antifungal potential of these plants. H. d...

Background/Objectives: Abnormal bile acid (BA) pool may play an important role in inducing liver damage in sepsis. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a main negative feedback regulator of BA metabolism. This study aims to explore the protective effect and...

Background: Eugenia involucrata DC., a Cerrado native plant, is recognized for its medicinal properties. However, its bioactive compounds remain inadequately explored. Objectives: This study investigated bioactive compounds from a standardized l...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Aconitum pendulum Bush processed through different methods (the polysaccharide from A. pendulum (DT), the polysa...

Background/Objectives: P2X3 receptor antagonists have been suggested as a potential treatment for urogenital, respiratory and pain conditions. This first-in-human (FiH) study evaluated filapixant, a new P2X3 receptor antagonist with high receptor sel...

Background/Objectives: Some product information on pregabalin suggests a potential risk for congenital anomalies (CAs), although evidence remains inconsistent and lacks clear patterns. This study aimed to provide additional safety information on preg...

Background: Besides diabetes mellitus, metformin has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent for treating various other conditions that include various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. In cancer, metfo...

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, driving the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of skimmianine in breast cancer th...

Background/Objectives: Cannabidiol (CBD) has been reported for its antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. However, several legal restrictions on its medicinal uses and even research have contributed to the development of...

Background: The combination therapy for acute bronchitis with several plant extracts, such as Ivy and Thyme or Primrose and Thyme, is assumed to offer added benefit over single extract preparations. However, no clinical trials have yet demonstrated s...

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has been recognized as an independent, inherited, causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic valve stenosis, thus representing a major target of residual CV risk. Currently, no drug has be...

Background/Objective: Bougainvillea x buttiana of the Nyctagenaceae family is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for treating different diseases. This study was planned to estimate the healing effect of the acetonic extract obtained fro...

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a promising cancer treatment that uses near-infrared light to activate a conjugate of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a photoactivatable silica phthalocyanine dye (IRDye700DX: IR700). Unlike conventional...

Background/Objectives: The search for new anticancer agents from natural sources remains a key strategy in drug discovery. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate novel triazole derivatives of the diterpenic lactone andrographolide for their anti...

Background/Objectives: Taeniasis, a zoonotic infection, is a common foodborne disease. Niclosamide and praziquantel have proven to be effective in treating it, but the use of the same drugs can lead to resistance, so alternative drugs need to be expl...

Objectives: HangAmDan-B1 (HAD-B1), a blended herbal mixture, has been investigated as an adjuvant therapy with afatinib (AFT) to treat non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Although preclinical studies demonstrated promising synergistic results, clinical tr...

Background: Renal fibrosis is a common pathological feature of all progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Eucommiae cortex (EC) is a valuable economic tree species endemic to China. The microbial fermentation of Chinese medicines can release their...

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a major role in malignancy and its complex nature can mediate tumor survival, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. Thus, reprogramming or regulating the immunosuppressive TME has a significant contribu...

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6H as published [...]

Background: Inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase is a key strategy for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes. Astragali Radix (AR), a traditional medicinal and dietary herb widely consumed in China, is rich in flavonoids that are belie...

Objectives: This study was performed to simultaneously improve the solubility, permeability, and pharmacological activity of decoquinate (DQ). Methods: A ternary DQ solid dispersion with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and tea saponi...

Background/Objectives: Suicide is a complex issue resulting in approximately 700,000 deaths annually. Individuals with mood disorders or schizophrenia are at an increased risk. Pharmacological interventions, such as lithium, clozapine, and ketamine,...

Background: Casein kinase 1 epsilon (CK1ε) plays a critical role in cancer progression by activating oncogenic signaling pathways, making it a target for cancer therapy. However, no inhibitors are currently available for clinical use, highlig...

Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by relapsing inflammation and incomplete response to conventional therapies. Although biologics have advanced UC management, many patients with moder...

Background/Objectives: D4R antagonists have recently been suggested as potential therapeutic alternatives to the standard treatments of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, new piperidine-based ligands, analogs of the potent and selective D4R compounds...

Background/Objectives: High-altitude environments have a significant detrimental impact on the cognitive functions of the brain. Qi Jing Wan (QJW), a traditional herbal formula composed of Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus, and Rhizoma Polyg...

Background: Ten new sesquiterpenes, including eight eremophilane-type sesquiterpenes (1–8) and two compounds (9–10) with a cyclopentane ring, representing an undescribed subtype of sesquiterpene, along with a new abietane-type diterpenoid...

Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests an association between glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors with altered risk of damage in the inner ear system. However, limi...

Background: Marantodes pumilum var. alata (MPva) has been reported to promote fracture repair. This study investigates the role of MPva leaf extract on biochemical markers and bone-repair genes in a postmenopausal rat model to understand its fra...

Background: A series of novel polysubstituted thiazole derivatives were synthesized, and their antiproliferative properties were evaluated using both 2D and 3D lung cancer models. Methods: The compounds were obtained via esterification, oximation, hy...

Background/Objectives: While various nucleoside and nucleotide analogs have been approved as anticancer and antiviral drugs, their limitations, including low bioavailability and chemotherapeutic resistance, encourage the development of novel structur...

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of reduced dose compared to standard dose Enzalutamide treatment for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched...

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for gastric acid suppression, yet their efficacy and safety in neonates and infants remain unclear. While esomeprazole is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved PPI for neonates...

Background/Objectives: Phytochemicals are increasingly recognized for their therapeutic potential in treating various diseases, including vascular disorders. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a key mediator of late-stage sepsis, triggers the release...

This article profiles 27 innovative advancements in small-molecule drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2024. These drugs target various therapeutic areas including non-small cell lung cancer, advanced or metastatic breast...

Background: Early studies indicated that the high content of tanshinone IIA (T−IIA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in Salvia castanea Diels f. Tomentosa Stib (SCT) gives them significant potential for development as therapeutic agents for ischemic st...

Background/Objectives: Fluoropyrimidines are widely used chemotherapeutic agents in various solid tumors. Germline variants in the DPYD gene, which encodes the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), are known to impair drug metabolism and incr...

Background: The two antiepileptic drugs lacosamide and lamotrigine exert their antiepileptic effect by inhibiting sodium channels. Lacosamide enhances the inactivation of sodium channels, while lamotrigine inhibits the activation of the channel. Inte...

Background/Objectives: Our laboratory has been developing a Sindbis viral (SV) vector platform for treatments of several types of cancers. In this study, we assess treatment efficacy for metastatic and immunosuppressive pancreatic cancer. Methods: Or...

Community-acquired infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) have become a significant global health concern, particularly with the emergence of hypervirulent strains (hvKP). These strains are associated with severe infections, such...

Background: Meta-analyses on the prevalence and significance of thyroid incidentalomas at PET (TIP) are available only about [¹⁸F]FDG. Focal TIP at [¹⁸F]FDG PET is not rare and may be malignant lesions in about one-third of cases. The aim of this stu...

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) represents a significant public health challenge with a rising global burden. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between herpes zoster (HZ) and an increased risk of AD. These findings indicate that...

Background: Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are the second most representative class of New Psychoactive Substances, with more than 100 analogues identified in the illicit drug market up to 2024. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes,...

As an addition to the original publication [...]

Background/Objectives: Aberrant expression of c-MYC drives aggressive cancers. A guanine-rich promoter sequence (Pu27) folds into a transcriptionally repressive G-quadruplex (G4). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the main green tea polyphenol, displa...

Background: Methylphenidate is a psychostimulant that enhances dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmission through the mechanism of reuptake inhibition at the synaptic cleft. Studies indicate that sexual dysfunction is prevalent among psychiatric p...

Background/objectives: In Brazil, the co-circulation of arboviruses—such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and Chikungunya viruses—creates a complex epidemiological landscape, drawing attention from health authorities due to high morbidity a...

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is involved in various cellular functions, including immunological response, extracellular matrix formation, differentiation, growth and development, and cell cycle regulation. The...

Background: There is interest in substances of plant origin that may have health-promoting effects regarding diabetes and its complications, including increased risk of fractures. Diosmin, which exerts, among others, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory an...