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102 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,123 Views
13 Pages

Superfine Marigold Powder Improves the Quality of Sponge Cake: Lutein Fortification, Texture, and Sensory Properties

  • Si-Yeon Kim,
  • Seok-Young Hong,
  • Hyun-Su Choi,
  • Jong-Hun Kim,
  • Se-Ho Jeong,
  • Su-Yong Lee,
  • Sung-Hun Kim and
  • Dong-Un Lee

22 January 2023

This study aimed to investigate and optimize the quality and sensory properties of baked products with lutein-enriched marigold flower powder (MP). Lutein-enriched marigold flowers produced via hydroponic methods using LED lights were used as a funct...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
13,212 Views
18 Pages

Cake Perception, Texture and Aroma Profile as Affected by Wheat Flour and Cocoa Replacement with Carob Flour

  • Maria Papageorgiou,
  • Adamantini Paraskevopoulou,
  • Foteini Pantazi and
  • Adriana Skendi

2 November 2020

Carob flour has been used in the production of a wide range of functional food formulations such as bakery goods either as a natural sweetener or food ingredient that, when roasted, exerts a chocolate/cocoa-reminiscent flavor and color. The aim of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,038 Views
15 Pages

Assessment of Textural Properties of Puffed Corn Cakes during Storage at Different Relative Humidity

  • Virginia Sanchez-Jimenez,
  • Tomas E. Gomez Alvarez-Arenas,
  • Marta Rincón,
  • Jose Benedito and
  • Jose V. Garcia-Perez

16 September 2022

Moisture adsorption is considered a critical factor during production and shelf-life of puffed corn cakes (PCC). This study aims to develop and validate an instrumental method and a mathematical model for the characterization of the textural modifica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,795 Views
23 Pages

26 September 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of replacing skim milk powder with hempseed press cake on the quality properties of ice cream. Four ice cream mix formulations were developed, three with hemp press cake (25.0%, 37.5% and 50.0% m...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
4,813 Views
12 Pages

Evaluation Method of Texture of Glutinous Rice Cakes (Niangao) and Its Key Impact Indicators

  • Qingyun Lyu,
  • Xing Wang,
  • Yunzhuo Dang,
  • Lijie Zhu,
  • Lei Chen,
  • Xuedong Wang and
  • Wenping Ding

19 February 2024

This study aimed to find a unique method to assess the textural properties of Niangao (glutinous rice cakes), to determine the relationship between the textural properties of rice cakes and the indicators of glutinous rice, and to identify the key in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,277 Views
16 Pages

Modification of Soft Wheat Protein for Improving Cake Quality by Superheated Steam Treatment of Wheat Grain

  • Yuanxiao Liu,
  • Mengmeng Li,
  • Erqi Guan,
  • Yuanfang Liu,
  • Ke Bian and
  • Yingquan Zhang

8 August 2023

Many varieties of soft wheat in China cannot fully satisfy the requirements of making high-quality cakes due to their undesirable protein properties, which leads to shortages of high-quality soft wheat flour. Therefore, a modification of soft wheat p...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
6,181 Views
18 Pages

23 March 2020

We investigated the effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) under low temperature drying to suppress rice cake stickiness during the cutting process by initiating the onset of retrogradation until the stickiness is minimized for shelf-life extension. The i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,698 Views
10 Pages

Assessment of the Possibility of Using Poppy Seed Cake for the Production of Oat Cookies

  • Agata Blicharz-Kania,
  • Agnieszka Starek-Wójcicka and
  • Dariusz Andrejko

4 October 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the properties of oat cookies fortified with poppy seed cake. The modification of the recipe and the supplementation with the by-product improved the nutritional value and maintained the overall sensory accepta...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,902 Views
13 Pages

21 March 2024

The present study aims to develop gluten-free product formulations by using different seed flours to determine their effectiveness in gluten-free products. For this purpose, a baton cake model was selected; the cake production process was conducted b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
8,932 Views
21 Pages

27 April 2021

Sugar has multiple roles in baked products; competing for water and as such reducing starch gelatinisation and gluten development, behaving as a fluid during cooking, recrystallising on cooling; roles which influence properties such as aeration, text...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,341 Views
15 Pages

18 August 2025

The study aimed to produce semolina pasta enriched with walnut or hazelnut oil cake and to investigate its nutritional and technological properties. The pasta was prepared by substituting 10% of semolina with walnut or hazelnut oil cakes. The chemica...

  • Review
  • Open Access
81 Citations
37,073 Views
26 Pages

29 August 2022

Bakery products are an important sector of the food industry globally and are part of the regular diets of many people. Texture encompasses many product characteristics and plays a pivotal role in consumer acceptance. This review focuses on the studi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,090 Views
12 Pages

3 January 2020

The impact on the egg quality and the albumen technological properties were here evaluated as affected by diet and hen age (A) of 162 Hy-line Brown hens. Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated respecting the requirements for Hy-line...

  • Article
  • Open Access
448 Views
19 Pages

27 November 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate selected parameters during storage of wheat bread enriched with hazelnut oil cake (HOC) or walnut oil cake (WOC) at levels of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Bread volume and specific volume, chemical composition, crumb moistu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
6,718 Views
14 Pages

Nutritional, Textural, and Sensory Quality of Aloe Vera Leaf Gel Powder Fortified Plain Cake

  • Dhrubajyoti Singha,
  • Md. Fahad Jubayer,
  • Kumkum Devnath,
  • Delara Akhter,
  • Thottiam Vasudevan Ranganathan,
  • Md. Towhidur Rahman and
  • Md. Anisur Rahman Mazumder

17 August 2021

Aloe Vera leaves have great potential as an economic supplement with an adequate nutritional profile. The current study aimed to fortify plain (loaf) cakes with Aloe Vera leaf gel (AVG) powder. AVG was freeze-dried to produce Aloe Vera powder (ALP),...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
3,997 Views
15 Pages

Olive Cake Powder as Functional Ingredient to Improve the Quality of Gluten-Free Breadsticks

  • Giuditta de Gennaro,
  • Graziana Difonzo,
  • Carmine Summo,
  • Antonella Pasqualone and
  • Francesco Caponio

15 February 2022

The growing demand for high-quality gluten-free baked snacks has led researchers to test innovative ingredients. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of olive cake powder (OCP) to be used as a functional ingredient in gluten-free (GF) b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,998 Views
14 Pages

The Improved Quality of Gluten-Free Bread Due to the Use of Flaxseed Oil Cake: A Comprehensive Study Evaluating Nutritional Value, Technological Properties, and Sensory Quality

  • Daniela Oliveira,
  • Małgorzata Starowicz,
  • Anita Ostaszyk,
  • Łukasz Łopusiewicz,
  • Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira,
  • Edgar Pinto and
  • Urszula Krupa-Kozak

29 November 2023

The development of gluten-free bakery products, the quality of which is comparable to the quality of regular wheat-based products, remains a technological challenge. In this study, flaxseed oil cake (FOC), a by-product of flaxseed oil extraction and...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,824 Views
19 Pages

12 July 2016

The production of activated carbons (ACs) from rapeseed cake and raspberry seed cake using slow pyrolysis followed by physical activation of the obtained solid residues is the topic of this study. The effect of activation temperature (850, 900 and 95...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,578 Views
15 Pages

Effect of Flaxseed Oil Cake Extract on the Microbial Quality, Texture and Shelf Life of Gluten-Free Bread

  • Łukasz Łopusiewicz,
  • Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski,
  • Hanna Maria Baranowska,
  • Łukasz Masewicz,
  • Ryszard Amarowicz and
  • Urszula Krupa-Kozak

31 January 2023

Extending the shelf life of gluten-free bread (GFB) is a challenge. Mainly due to the ingredients used and their characteristics, GFB has numerous drawbacks such as unsatisfactory texture and rapid staling beyond a low nutritional value. In the prese...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
3,906 Views
12 Pages

18 November 2022

Date press cake (DPC) is a by-product of the date syrup industry with a high content of dietary fibers, minerals, and antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of DPC on the color parameters, texture profil...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,236 Views
15 Pages

Evaluation of the Effect of Stearyl Alcohol and Span-60 Tuned Sunflower Wax/Sunflower Oil Oleogel on Butter Replacement in Whole Wheat Cake

  • Deepti Bharti,
  • Indranil Banerjee,
  • Agnieszka Makowska,
  • Maciej Jarzębski,
  • Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski and
  • Kunal Pal

12 January 2023

Scientists are concerned about the health risks associated with consuming a diet high in saturated fats. In this regard, oleogels have been used as a shortening substitute by researchers. This present study evaluated the role of stearyl alcohol (SA)-...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,942 Views
15 Pages

Characteristics of Dough Rheology and the Structural, Mechanical, and Sensory Properties of Sponge Cakes with Sweeteners

  • Agata Marzec,
  • Jolanta Kowalska,
  • Ewa Domian,
  • Sabina Galus,
  • Agnieszka Ciurzyńska and
  • Hanna Kowalska

2 November 2021

Changes in the rheological properties of dough, as well as the microstructural, mechanical, and sensory properties of sponge cakes, as a function of the substitution of sucrose in a formulation with maltitol, erythritol, and trehalose are described....

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,476 Views
14 Pages

Effect of Flax Cake and Lupine Flour Addition on the Physicochemical, Sensory Properties, and Composition of Wheat Bread

  • Agnieszka Makowska,
  • Magdalena Zielińska-Dawidziak,
  • Katarzyna Waszkowiak and
  • Kamila Myszka

4 July 2023

Bread is consumed by people all over the world. Its quality may be modified by the application of other raw materials or changes in production technology. The addition of flax cake (FC) and lupine flour (LF) was proposed as a modification of the nutr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
6,789 Views
17 Pages

High-Quality Gluten-Free Sponge Cakes without Sucrose: Inulin-Type Fructans as Sugar Alternatives

  • Urszula Krupa-Kozak,
  • Natalia Drabińska,
  • Cristina M. Rosell,
  • Beata Piłat,
  • Małgorzata Starowicz,
  • Tomasz Jeliński and
  • Beata Szmatowicz

25 November 2020

Due to its structural and organoleptic functions, sucrose is one of the primary ingredients of many baked confectionery products. In turn, the growing awareness of the association between sugar overconsumption and the development of chronic diseases...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
3,933 Views
20 Pages

Conversion of Pulse Protein Foam-Templated Oleogels into Oleofoams for Improved Baking Application

  • Athira Mohanan,
  • Kim Harrison,
  • David M. L. Cooper,
  • Michael T. Nickerson and
  • Supratim Ghosh

17 September 2022

The food industry has long been searching for an efficient replacement for saturated-fatty-acid-rich fats for baking applications. Although oleogels have been considered a potential alternative for saturated and trans fats, their success in food appl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,694 Views
13 Pages

Incorporation of the Dry Blossom Flour of Sambucus nigra L. in the Production of Sponge Cakes

  • Galia Gentscheva,
  • Iliana Milkova-Tomova,
  • Dragomira Buhalova,
  • Ivaylo Pehlivanov,
  • Stefan Stefanov,
  • Krastena Nikolova,
  • Velichka Andonova,
  • Natalina Panova,
  • Georgi Gavrailov and
  • Zhivka Goranova
  • + 1 author

8 February 2022

The present study aims to develop recipe compositions and technology for producing sponge cakes from wholemeal flour, partially replaced with a functional plant component dry blossom flour of Sambucus nigra L. Three designs of sponge cakes with 5, 10...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,955 Views
21 Pages

Commercial Egg Replacers in Pound Cake Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis of Market Trends and Application

  • Juliane Halm,
  • Aylin W. Sahin,
  • Laura Nyhan,
  • Emanuele Zannini and
  • Elke K. Arendt

17 January 2024

Replacing eggs without influencing pound cakes’ texture, appearance, and taste is challenging. Ovalbumin, the major protein in egg white, contributes to the structures of cakes by providing SH Groups that form a firm gel during baking. However,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
13,407 Views
15 Pages

Quality Improvement of Green Saba Banana Flour Steamed Cake

  • Jau-Shya Lee,
  • NurDiyana Yusoff,
  • Ai Ling Ho,
  • Chee Kiong Siew,
  • Jahurul Haque Akanda and
  • Wan Xin Tan

13 February 2023

Gluten avoidance is becoming a popular diet trend around the world. In this study, green Saba banana flour (GSBF) was used to produce a gluten-free (GF) steamed cake. The effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) (0%, 10%, 15%) and Ovalette (0%, 3.5%, 7%)...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,688 Views
8 Pages

28 February 2024

This research aimed to determine the effect of modified kepok banana starch substitution on the texture (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and gumminess) and caramel sponge color with four different modified starch substitution percentages. This...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,410 Views
13 Pages

The Effect of Tamarind Seed Gum on the Qualities of Gluten-Free Cakes

  • Shao-Chi Wu,
  • Yung-Shin Shyu,
  • Yi-Wen Tseng and
  • Wen-Chieh Sung

9 March 2020

The effect of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% cold-water soluble tamarind seed gum on batter density, viscosity, and volume of gluten-free layer cakes made with rice flour was evaluated herein. It was observed that the addition of 0.4% tamarind seed gum gave be...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,889 Views
17 Pages

19 March 2025

The present research aimed to incorporate terebinth seed protein into gluten-free cakes in order to increase their protein content and improve their technological properties. The terebinth protein replaced the rice flour–corn starch mixture use...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,512 Views
16 Pages

Functionality of Cordia and Ziziphus Gums with Respect to the Dough Properties and Baking Performance of Stored Pan Bread and Sponge Cakes

  • Mohamed Saleh Alamri,
  • Abdellatif A. Mohamed,
  • Shahzad Hussain,
  • Mohamed A. Ibraheem,
  • Akram A. Abdo Qasem,
  • Ghalia Shamlan,
  • Mohammed Jamal Hakeem and
  • Ibrahim A. Ababtain

3 February 2022

The functionality of hydrocolloids of different origins, gum Cordia (GC), and gum ziziphus (GZ) on pan bread and sponge cake quality and their potential use in retarding the staling process have been studied. The effects of the gums were determined b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,376 Views
14 Pages

8 December 2023

The aim of this study was to obtain low fat mayonnaise-like emulsion gels using sesame cake and walnut cake by-products resulting from vegetable oil extraction. The ingredients used to formulate the mayonnaise like emulsion gel samples were corn star...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
16,253 Views
9 Pages

27 September 2021

The halal food market is steadily increasing. The use of alcohol for any reason is strictly prohibited in halal foods; however, ethanol is widely used as a preservative for commercial rice cakes (tteok). The purpose of this study was to investigate t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,033 Views
15 Pages

Effect of Sourdough and Whey Protein Addition on the Technological and Nutritive Characteristics of Sponge Cake

  • Nikola Maravić,
  • Dubravka Škrobot,
  • Tamara Dapčević-Hadnađev,
  • Biljana Pajin,
  • Jelena Tomić and
  • Miroslav Hadnađev

6 July 2022

Whey protein and sourdough ferment were used in different combinations to prepare functional sponge cakes, and their mutual influence on batter rheological behaviour as well as product physico–chemical, textural, colour and sensory properties w...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,365 Views
20 Pages

Production of Vegan Ice Cream: Enrichment with Fermented Hazelnut Cake

  • Levent Yurdaer Aydemir,
  • Hande Demir,
  • Zafer Erbay,
  • Elif Kılıçarslan,
  • Pelin Salum and
  • Melike Beyza Ozdemir

The growing demand for sustainable plant-based dairy alternatives has spurred interest in valorizing agro-industrial byproducts like hazelnut cake, a protein-rich byproduct of oil extraction. This study developed formulations for vegan ice cream usin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
413 Views
22 Pages

31 December 2025

The chiffon cake is widely consumed and is especially age-friendly due to its soft texture and ease of swallowing. However, conventional formulations based on low-gluten flour (LGF) are low in bioactive compounds and offer limited nutritional value....

  • Article
  • Open Access
363 Views
19 Pages

Oilseed By-Products Valorization Using Lactic Acid Fermentation: Nutritional and Technological Aspects of Applications in Wheat Bread

  • Jakub Roman Królak,
  • Agnieszka Makowska,
  • Katarzyna Waszkowiak,
  • Kamila Myszka,
  • Kinga Stuper-Szablewska,
  • Anna Przybylska-Balcerek and
  • Katarzyna Rzyska-Szczupak

20 December 2025

This study aimed to determine the effect of lactic acid fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the bioactive compound composition and fatty acid profile of black cumin, camelina, milk thistle, and evening primrose cakes, as well as to eva...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,822 Views
17 Pages

The Application of Pureed Butter Beans and a Combination of Inulin and Rebaudioside A for the Replacement of Fat and Sucrose in Sponge Cake: Sensory and Physicochemical Analysis

  • Aislinn M. Richardson,
  • Andrey A. Tyuftin,
  • Kieran N. Kilcawley,
  • Eimear Gallagher,
  • Maurice G. O’Sullivan and
  • Joseph P. Kerry

26 January 2021

Determining minimum levels of fat and sucrose needed for the sensory acceptance of sponge cake while increasing the nutritional quality was the main objective of this study. Sponge cakes with 0, 25, 50 and 75% sucrose replacement (SR) using a combina...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,156 Views
15 Pages

The Effect of Hemp Cake (Cannabis sativa L.) on the Characteristics of Meatballs Stored in Refrigerated Conditions

  • Klaudia Kotecka-Majchrzak,
  • Natalia Kasałka-Czarna,
  • Anita Spychaj,
  • Beata Mikołajczak and
  • Magdalena Montowska

31 August 2021

Hemp cake, a by-product of cold pressing oil from hemp seeds, is a nutritious ingredient that could be used for the production of new or reformulated meat products. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of inclusion of 0.9%, 2.6%, 4.2%...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,737 Views
13 Pages

6 November 2024

This study investigated the effects of superheated steam (SS) treatment on the physicochemical properties of rice flour and the subsequent impact on rice cake quality. The SS-180 resulted in higher final viscosity and significantly increased pasting...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,623 Views
21 Pages

Quality, Nutritional Composition, and Antioxidant Potential of Muffins Enriched with Flax Cake

  • Dorota Gumul,
  • Marek Kruczek,
  • Katarzyna Szary-Sworst,
  • Renata Sabat and
  • Anna Wywrocka-Gurgul

13 June 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the im pact of incorporating flaxseed cake into wheat muffins on the levels of selected nutritional and bioactive compounds, specifically total polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavonoids. The influ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
5,927 Views
17 Pages

Coffee Silverskin as a Potential Ingredient for Functional Foods: Recent Advances and a Case Study with Chocolate Cake

  • Adriana S. Franca,
  • Emiliana P. Basílio,
  • Laís M. Resende,
  • Camila A. Fante and
  • Leandro S. Oliveira

5 December 2024

Coffee silverskin (CS) is a by-product of the coffee roasting process that is known for its potential as a fiber source with antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an overview of the latest research on CS as a potential ingred...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,074 Views
20 Pages

Exploring the Role of Acacia (Acacia seyal) and Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) Gums on the Dough Performance and Quality Attributes of Breads and Cakes

  • Shahzad Hussain,
  • Mohamed Saleh Alamri,
  • Abdellatif A. Mohamed,
  • Mohamed A. Ibraheem,
  • Akram A. Abdo Qasem,
  • Ghalia Shamlan and
  • Ibrahim A. Ababtain

21 April 2022

Two hydrocolloids, acacia gum and cactus gum, were tested in the current study to see if they could improve the quality of the dough or have an effect on the shelf life of pan bread and sponge cake. Both gums considerably (p < 0.05) enhanced the d...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,683 Views
6 Pages

15 October 2021

Sugar is one of the main ingredients of baked products, so reduction of sucrose negatively affects product appearance, texture, and mouthfeel. However, by replacing it with sweeteners such as sucralose, it is possible to create desserts with a low gl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,014 Views
16 Pages

Technological Changes in Wheat-Based Breads Enriched with Hemp Seed Press Cakes and Hemp Seed Grit

  • Verena Wiedemair,
  • Kathrin Gruber,
  • Nataly Knöpfle and
  • Katrin E. Bach

11 March 2022

Hemp and hemp seed press cake—a by-product of hemp oil production—are high-protein, gluten-free raw materials that are often used to enhance the nutritional value of breads. The addition of hemp materials, however, often negatively impact...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,966 Views
13 Pages

Effect of Sweet Corn Residue on Micronutrient Fortification in Baked Cakes

  • Yu-Xia Lao,
  • Yu-Ying Yu,
  • Gao-Ke Li,
  • Shao-Yun Chen,
  • Wu Li,
  • Xu-Pu Xing,
  • Xue-Min Wang,
  • Jian-Guang Hu and
  • Xin-Bo Guo

16 July 2019

Owing to the concept of modern life and health, traditional baked foods are seeking transition. In this study, sweet corn residue (SCR) was used to replace wheat flour in cakes. We conducted sensory evaluation and texture analysis to assess sample qu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,600 Views
18 Pages

7 November 2024

To investigate the impact of micro-crushing technology on rice flour characteristics and its enhancement of rice cake quality, resting angle, slip angle, solubility, water-holding capacity, emulsification, oil absorption, gelatinization, and baking q...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,438 Views
16 Pages

Atmospheric Cold Plasma as an Alternative to Chlorination in Soft Wheat Flour to Prepare High-Ratio Cakes

  • Shikhadri Mahanta,
  • Jayne Bock,
  • Andrew Mense,
  • Nahndi Kirk-Bradley,
  • Joseph Awika and
  • Janie McClurkin Moore

26 July 2024

Chlorination is a common chemical modification process of soft wheat flour to prepare high-ratio cakes. Due to safety and labeling concerns of flour chlorination, alternatives to chlorination have been researched. Atmospheric Cold Plasma (ACP) is an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
8,607 Views
10 Pages

Evaluation of Nutritional and Technological Attributes of Whole Wheat Based Bread Fortified with Chia Flour

  • Bouchra Sayed-Ahmad,
  • Thierry Talou,
  • Evita Straumite,
  • Martins Sabovics,
  • Zanda Kruma,
  • Zeinab Saad,
  • Akram Hijazi and
  • Othmane Merah

30 August 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of wheat bread fortification with varied levels (2%, 4%, and 6%) of chia seed powder (full fat) and cakes (defatted, residue after oil extraction). Chia flour was added to whole wheat br...

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