The Heimaguan Tunnel in China serves as a case study to exemplify the variation laws related to surface settlement, deformation, and stress characteristics in a shallow-buried soft-rock tunnel, while emphasizing in the tunnel support requirements. Th...
The problem of large deformation is very prominent in deep-buried tunnel excavation in soft rock, which brings serious potential safety hazards and economic losses to projects. The knowledge of deformation law and support measures is the key to ensur...
Tunnels excavated in a combination of hard and soft rock strata with high ground stress are prone to large deformations, collapse, and other disasters. The Yongfeng Tunnel, a reconstruction and expansion of the G544 line, suffered severe high ground...
To maintain the stability of soft rock tunnels, the research team proposed a support scheme involving “floor grouting + floor anchors + sealing material”. This scheme incorporates a new sealing material with excellent mechanical propertie...
Rock mass deformation is a time related process, especially for soft rock. Its deformation usually has a certain timeliness. Moreover, the deformation of surrounding rock is typically asymmetric. Therefore, it is of great significance to reasonably d...
How to evaluate the reliability of deep soft rock tunnels under high stress is a very important problem to be solved. In this paper, we proposed a practical stochastic reliability method based on the third-generation non-dominated sorting genetic alg...
The rapid development of transportation infrastructure in challenging geological regions necessitates innovative tunneling methods that balance efficiency, safety, and cost. This study addresses the critical construction bottleneck of large-span soft...
In tunnel construction, the prediction of the surrounding rock deformation is related to the construction safety and stability of the tunnel structure. In order to achieve an accurate prediction of the surrounding rock deformation in soft rock tunnel...
The problem of large deformation is very prominent in deep-buried tunnel excavation in soft rock, which brings serious potential safety hazards and economic losses to projects. Knowledge of the stress field distribution and deformation law is the key...
After the excavation and unloading of deep-buried soft rock tunnels, support structures often experience deformation-related disasters such as concrete cracking, steel frame bending and twisting, and primary support instability under different forms...
The accurate prediction and evaluation of stress and displacement fields of surrounding rock is the fundamental premise for the deformation control of soft rock tunnels under high geo-stress condition. However, due to the complicated mechanical chara...
This study focuses on Neogene red-bed soft rock tunnels in the Huicheng Basin, China. Through engineering geological investigation, remote wireless monitoring systems, and total station multi-parameter monitoring, the deformation characteristics of r...
Conventional bolts frequently fail under large deformations due to stress concentration in soft rock tunnels. In contrast, yielding bolts incorporate energy-absorbing mechanisms to sustain controlled plastic deformation. This study employed FLAC3D to...
For high ground-stress soft-rock tunnels surrounding rock with large deformation, rapid deformation rate, a long creep time, and a high likelihood of to causing initial and secondary lining damage, the yielding and relief-pressure support technology...
Creep stress is a detrimental stress generated by the surrounding rock during the operation of the secondary lining of the supporting structure used for high-stress soft rock tunnels in railways, highways and other projects. Therefore, the present st...
Feet-lock steel pipes have been widely applied in soft-rock tunnels, but their installation quantity and parameters depend on engineering experience. In this study, by simplifying the force between the feet-lock steel pipe and the primary lining, the...
Evaluating the reliability of deep soft rock tunnels is a very important issue to be solved. In this study, we propose a Monte Carlo simulation reliability analysis method (MCS–RAM) integrating the adaptive momentum stochastic optimization algo...
The stability of deep soft rock tunnels under seepage conditions is of particular concern. Aiming at thoroughly discussing seepage actions and their consequences on the support schemes of such structures, the host rocks of the Weilai Tunnel situated...
The soft surrounding rock in tunnels has the characteristics of low strength, easy softening after soaking, and poor self-stability, which makes the inverted arch structure in soft rock tunnels prone to uplift deformations. Therefore, a deformation m...
When tunnels pass through high-stress, weak, and fractured rock layers, conventional rigid supports often struggle to resist the significant loosening pressure and deformation pressure from the surrounding rock, leading to various large deformation d...
Given the complexity and diversity of rock formations, existing constitutive models struggle to accurately portray their mechanical properties, leading to substantial discrepancies between numerical simulation outcomes and reality. This inadequacy fa...
To address the problem of large deformation in deep-buried high geostress soft rock tunnels, the Yuelongmen Tunnel was selected as the research subject and adopting the methods of on-site measurements, laboratory experiments and theories, the charact...
During the excavation of a water-conveyance tunnel in Tertiary soft rocks in China, significant deformation of the surrounding rocks and damage to the support were observed. Substantial horizontal deformation, reaching magnitudes of meters, was obser...
This paper summarizes the main factors affecting the large deformation of soft rock tunnels, including the lithology combination, weathering effect, and underground water status, by reviewing the typical cases of largely-deformed soft rock tunnels. T...
An integrated evaluation framework merging the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and an improved matter–element extension model based on asymmetric proximity is developed to classify large deformation risk levels in soft-rock tunnel construction...
Substantial time-dependent deformation and support failure in deep tunnels through water-rich red-bed soft rock present critical engineering challenges, yet the underlying mechanisms under hydro-mechanical coupling remain inadequately quantified. Thi...
The commonly used strength design concept of tunnel support structures is inadequate to address the large deformation of soft rock. This study designed a series of energy-absorbing dampers (EDs) with low stiffness and high deformation capacity based...
The confined concrete box steel arch support—composed of box steel and core concrete with a geometrically symmetric double-chamber cross-section—is an innovative solution for effective deformation control in soft rock tunnels. To address...
The time-dependent behavior and long-term stability of deep-buried tunnels in soft rocks have received lots of considerations in tunnel engineering and allied sciences. To better explore and deepen the engineering application of rock creep, extensive...
Existing risk assessment approaches for soft rock tunnels in fault-fractured zones typically employ single weighting schemes, inadequately integrate subjective and objective weights, and fail to define clear risk. This study proposes a risk-grading m...
This study focuses on a large-span highway tunnel in argillaceous soft rock. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the tunnel, constructed using the Double Side Drift Method (DSDM), and the effects of t...
Soft marine soil exhibits unique mechanical properties that can lead to significant deformation and instability in the surrounding rock of urban subway tunnels. This presents a critical challenge for tunnel engineering researchers and designers. This...
With the comprehensive implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative and the Western Development Strategy, the scale of tunnel construction has been continuously expanding, with many tunnels being built in high ground stress and fractu...
This study investigates the dynamics of moisture absorption and swelling in soft rock during tunnel excavation, emphasizing the response to support resistance. Utilizing COMSOL numerical simulations, we conduct a comparative analysis of various stren...
The accelerated creep plays an important role in the disasters of soft-rock tunnels under high stress. However, most of previous studies only involved attenuation creep and uniform creep. Large deformation disasters of soft rock occurred during the t...
This study studies the deformation characteristics of the diversion tunnel of Jinping II Hydropower Station in order to guarantee the safety of the excavation of a large-section soft rock tunnel with a depth of 1000 m and increased ground stress. Usi...
A test method for controlling the stress release rate of the tunnel by adjusting the confining pressure is proposed based on the engineering background of Dongmachang No. 1 Tunnel of Huali Expressway to explore a suitable excavation method of soft ro...
The weakening effect is one of the most important causes triggering large deformation and failure of soft-rock engineering; however, few studies paid attention to damage evolution and constitutive relationship of rock in tensile damage in the excavat...
In constructing high-geo-stress soft rock tunnels, the major deformation disaster of the surrounding rock has always been the main problem faced during construction. The research on the deformation and loose zone characteristics of large deformation...
The longitudinal deformation profile (LDP) of the surrounding rock can intuitively and effectively reflect that the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall is affected by the “spatial effect” at the front end of the excavat...
Red-layer soft rock has characteristics such as softening when encountering water, loose structure, and significant rheological properties. In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to sort out and analyze the stress characteristics of its support struc...
The soft and fractured strata can cause significant deformation of surrounding rock during tunnel excavation. This study analyzes field monitoring test results and compares numerical simulations from the third bid project of the Dali I section constr...
Deformation prediction of extremely high in situ stress in soft-rock tunnels is a complex problem involving many parameters, and traditional analytical solutions and numerical simulations have difficulty achieving satisfactory results. This paper pro...
Addressing the core issue of rock mass failure and deformation induced by local water-induced uneven expansion in expansive soft rock tunnels, this study systematically analyzes the stress–displacement response of the rock mass under various wo...
As a new type of pre-reinforcement material for tunnel faces, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bolts can effectively and safely improve the stability of tunnel faces in soft surrounding rocks and speed up excavation. Therefore, in this paper, sy...
To explore the influence of shield construction on the stress of tunnels surrounding rock and linings in deep, high groundwater and low-permeability soft rock strata, a 3D coupled hydro-mechanical model of a low permeability mudstone tunnel was estab...
In constructing hydraulic tunnels, construction disturbances and complex geological conditions can induce variations in the surrounding rock parameters. To navigate the complex non-linear interplay between rock material parameters and tunnel displace...
With the further development of China’s coal resources, mining operations are constantly transferred to the deep soft rock. As such, the mine roadway is under the action of high geostress, the surrounding rock body engineering properties are po...
The TBM disc cutter cuts soft–hard composite strata during shield construction, and the cutter–rock cutting process generates high temperatures and severe wear. In this research, different strength types of rocks are taken as objects to a...
When shield tunneling is carried out in poor geological areas with high water head and low strength, there is a great construction risk, and the external water pressure is one of the key factors affecting the stability and safety of the tunnel during...
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