The representation of snow is a crucial aspect of land-surface modelling, as it has a strong influence on energy and water balances. Snow schemes with multiple layers have been shown to better describe the snowpack evolution and bring improvements to...
Surface albedo measurements of snow and ice on Lake Ulansu in the Central Asian arid climate zone were conducted during the winter of 2016–2017. Observations were categorized into three stages based on the ice growth and surface condition: bare...
Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau has a shallow depth, plaque distribution, and repeated ablation. The applicability of the snow parameterization scheme in the current land surface process model on the TP needs to be further tested using observationa...
The transition to renewable energy sources is vital for achieving sustainability, and photovoltaic (PV) systems play a key role in this shift. However, their performance can be significantly affected in snowy conditions, where the irradiation and ene...
Most high-altitude lakes are more sensitive to global warming than the regional atmosphere. However, most existing climate models produce unrealistic surface temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) lakes, and few studies have focused on the influenc...
High-latitude areas are very sensitive to global warming, which has significant impacts on soil temperatures and associated processes governing permafrost evolution. This study aims to improve first-layer soil temperature retrievals during winter. Th...
The observations of atmospheric, oceanic, and sea ice data from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition were used to analyze the influence of snow redistribution and melt-pond processes on the ev...
Accurate simulation of snow cover process is of great significance to the study of climate change and the water cycle. In our study, the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD) and ERA-Interim were used as driving data to simulate the dynamic cha...
High-latitude regions of the Earth are rich in natural snow resources; however, owing to their negative impact on daily life, they have not been effectively utilized for a long time and are instead viewed as obstacles that require substantial resourc...
Snow depth is a general input variable in many models of agriculture, hydrology, climate, and ecology. However, there are some uncertainties in the retrieval of snow depth by remote sensing. Errors occurred in snow depth evaluation under the D-InSAR...
Snow cover plays a crucial role in the surface energy balance and hydrology and serves as a key indicator of climate change. In this study, we conducted an ensemble simulation comprising 48 members generated by randomly combining the parameterization...
The snow melt from the High Atlas is a critical water resource in Morocco. In spite of its importance, monitoring the spatio-temporal evolution of key snow cover properties like the snow water equivalent remains challenging due to the lack of in situ...
To find the adequate spatial model discretization scheme, which balances the models capabilities and the demand for representing key features in reality, is a challenging task. It becomes even more challenging in high alpine catchments, where the var...
Snow surface spectral reflectance is very important in the Earth’s climate system. Traditional land surface models with parameterized schemes can simulate broadband snow surface albedo but cannot accurately simulate snow surface spectral reflec...
Seasonal forecasting systems still have difficulties predicting temperature over continental regions, while their performance is better over some maritime regions. On the other hand, the land surface is a substantial source of (sub-)seasonal predicta...
The rapid and effective identification of the spatial distribution of rock deserts in ice–snow melting areas can provide useful information for the prevention of natural disasters. In this study, Landsat TM/OLI were used to track the evolution...
Temperature lapse rate (TLR) is an important parameter for simulations of snow/glacier melts in alpine watersheds. However, the traditional scheme estimates TLR mainly based on a limited number of stations and may not be suitable for alpine watershed...
Focusing on the design and construction of snow structures, this paper explores the properties of snow materials, construction methods, and operation–maintenance strategies, aiming to demonstrate how to integrate architectural functionality, ae...
Sea ice regulates the overall energy exchange and radiation budget of the Arctic region, and understanding this relationship requires an accurate determination of snow depth. However, methods for deriving snow depth have a large error through the ann...
The role of ice hydrometeor-types in bulk schemes available in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been assessed in this study to simulate two heavy rainfall events reported over the southern part of Nigeria. This has been done with...
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are indispensable for studying severe convective weather events. Research demonstrates that the outcomes of convective precipitation simulations are profoundly influenced by the choice between single or doubl...
The effectiveness of snow data assimilation is closely related to the satellite data quality control that affects snow cover data used for assimilation and meteorological forcings that drive land surface model to estimate snow depth, especially over...
The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform (CMEM) has been developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as the forward operator radiative transfer model for low frequency passive microwave brightness temperatur...
The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted radar for obtaining snowpack parameters has seen considerable advances over recent years. However, a robust method of snow density estimation still needs further development. The objective of this work...
Remote sensing fractional snow cover area (fSCA) has been increasingly used to get an improved estimate of the spatiotemporal distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) through reanalysis using different data assimilation (DA) schemes. Although the...
Precipitation occurs in two basic forms defined as liquid state and solid state. Different from rain-fed watershed, modeling snow processes is of vital importance in snow-dominated watersheds. The seasonal snowpack is a natural water reservoir, which...
The data value of hyperspectral measurements on ice and snow cover is strongly impacted by the availability of data services, where spectral libraries are integrated to detailed descriptions of the observed surface cover. For snow and ice cover, we p...
The paper presents the first retrievals of clean snow properties using spaceborne hyperspectral observations via the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP). The location close to the Concordia station at the Dome C Plateau (Antarctica) wa...
Snow is a key element of the water and energy cycles and the knowledge of spatio-temporal distribution of snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) is fundamental for hydrological and climatological applications. SWE and snow depth estimates can be...
Snow water equivalent (SWE) is a key parameter in the Earth’s energy budget and water cycle. It has been demonstrated that SWE can be retrieved using active microwave remote sensing from space. This necessitates the development of forward models that...
The frequency and intensity of flood events have been increasing recently under the warming climate, with snowmelt floods being a significant part. As an effective manner of simulating snowmelt flood, snowmelt models have attracted more and more atte...
Accurate snow cover monitoring is greatly significant for research on the hydrology model and regional climate variation, especially in Northeast China where forests cover almost forty percent of the total area. However, effectively monitoring snow c...
We present ground-based in situ snow measurements in Kiruna, Sweden, using the ground-based in situ instrument Dual Ice Crystal Imager (D-ICI). D-ICI records dual high-resolution images from above and from the side of falling natural snow crystals an...
Enhanced proton acceleration to high energy by relatively modest ultrashort laser pulses and structured dynamic plasma snow targets was demonstrated experimentally. High proton yield emitted to narrow solid angle with energies of up 25 MeV were detec...
Multi-angular remote sensing plays a critical role in the study domains of ecological monitoring, climate change, and energy balance. The successful retrieval of the surface Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) and albedo from multi...
Rain-on-snow (ROS) events can alter nival regimes and increase snowmelt, peak river flow, and reduce water storage. However, detection of ROS events is challenging and only the most intense and obvious cases are identified. Rain is known to reduce sn...
Differentiating between snow and clouds presents a formidable challenge in the context of mapping snow cover over the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The frequent presence of cloudy conditions severely complicates the discrimination of snow cove...
Super Typhoon Mujigae (2015) was simulated using the WRF-ARW model version 4.1 with the WSM3, WSM5, WSM6, and WSM7 microphysics schemes, which include 3, 5, 6, and 7 hydrometeor classes, respectively. This study investigated the species number of hyd...
This study compares numerical simulations and observations of C-band radar backscatter in a wide region (2300 km 2 ) in the Northern French Alps. Numerical simulations were performed using a model chain composed of the SAFRAN meteorological re...
UWScat, a ground-based Ku- and X-band scatterometer, was used to compare forested and non-forested landscapes in a terrestrial snow accumulation environment as part of the NASA SnowEx17 field campaign. Field observations from Trail Valley Creek, Nort...
The NASA Catchment land surface model (CLSM) is the land model component used for the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). Here, the CLSM versions of MERRA and MERRA-Land are evaluated using snow cover fraction (SC...
Livestock depredation across the trans-Himalaya causes significant economic losses to pastoralist communities. Quantification of livestock predation and the assessment of variables associated with depredation are crucial for designing effective long-...
In the wild, snow is not merely additive noise; it is a non-stationary, semi-transparent veil whose spatial statistics vary with depth, illumination, and wind. Because conventional two-stage pipelines first detect a binary mask and then inpaint the o...
We present a scheme aimed at estimating daily spatial snow water equivalent (SWE) maps in real time and at high spatial resolution from scarce in-situ SWE measurements from Internet of Things (IoT) devices at actual sensor locations and historical SW...
The present study demonstrates the successful use of the high sensitivity of L-band brightness temperatures to snow liquid water in the retrieval of snow liquid water from multi-angular L-band brightness temperatures. The emission model employed was...
Different factors affect solar photovoltaic (PV) systems by decreasing input energy and reducing the conversion efficiency of the system. One of these factors is the effect of snow cover on PV panels, a subject lacking sufficient academic research. T...
Several simulations of the surface climate and energy balance of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, are used to estimate the glacier runoff for the period 1980–2015 and the sensitivity of runoff to the spring conditions (e.g., snow thickness)....
It is highly desirable to accurately detect the clouds in satellite images before any kind of applications. However, clouds and snow discrimination in remote sensing images is a challenging task because of their similar spectral signature. The shortw...
In this study, two bulk microphysical schemes were compared across mean radius values of the entire drop spectra. A cloud-resolving mesoscale model was used to analyze surface precipitation characteristics. The model included the following microphysi...
Based on the Morrison Two-Moment Scheme coupled with the non-inductive electrification mechanism and the discharge parameterization scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, a thunderstorm process was simulated by using the WRF elec...
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