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1,397 Results Found

  • Communication
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,921 Views
16 Pages

4 July 2023

In this paper, we propose a smart contract broker to improve the reusability of smart contracts in a blockchain environment. The current blockchain platform lacks a standard approach to sharing and managing smart contracts, which makes it difficult f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
9,781 Views
26 Pages

Smart Contract Engineering

  • Kai Hu,
  • Jian Zhu,
  • Yi Ding,
  • Xiaomin Bai and
  • Jiehua Huang

2 December 2020

A smart contract is the algorithmic description of a contractual transaction protocol that is automatically executed together with the information provided by its parties. It is written in a simplified programming language that is specific to a parti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,271 Views
21 Pages

15 October 2024

When migrating smart contracts from one blockchain platform to another, there are potential security risks. This is because different blockchain platforms have different environments and characteristics for executing smart contracts. The focus of thi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
42 Citations
7,248 Views
10 Pages

Survey of Smart Contract Framework and Its Application

  • Edi Surya Negara,
  • Achmad Nizar Hidayanto,
  • Ria Andryani and
  • Rezki Syaputra

22 June 2021

This article is a literature review on smart contract applications in various domains. The aim is to investigate technological developments and implementation of smart contracts in various domains. For this purpose, the theoretical basis of various p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,478 Views
22 Pages

The blockchain that uses cryptocurrency is a paradigm shift in the way of data storage, retrieval, and verification due to the concept of decentralization. This paradigm is essential to ensure the security of crucial data in any project. Adding a sma...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,398 Views
43 Pages

Generative AI-Driven Smart Contract Optimization for Secure and Scalable Smart City Services

  • Sameer Misbah,
  • Muhammad Farrukh Shahid,
  • Shahbaz Siddiqui,
  • Tariq Jamil S. Khanzada,
  • Rehab Bahaaddin Ashari,
  • Zahid Ullah and
  • Mona Jamjoom

Smart cities use advanced infrastructure and technology to improve the quality of life for their citizens. Collaborative services in smart cities are making the smart city ecosystem more reliable. These services are required to enhance the operation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,142 Views
28 Pages

MDA-Based Approach for Blockchain Smart Contract Development

  • Mantas Jurgelaitis,
  • Lina Čeponienė,
  • Karolis Butkus,
  • Rita Butkienė and
  • Vaidotas Drungilas

30 December 2022

Blockchain smart contracts can support the decentralisation of business processes, but due to smart contracts’ specifics, their development is a complicated process. Introducing model-driven development principles in smart contract development...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,202 Views
17 Pages

A Recommender System for Robust Smart Contract Template Classification

  • Sandi Gec,
  • Vlado Stankovski,
  • Dejan Lavbič and
  • Petar Kochovski

5 January 2023

IoT environments are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of their distributions and included entities by collaboratively involving not only data centers known from Cloud computing but also the different types of third-party entities that can...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,480 Views
25 Pages

LightCross: A Lightweight Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Tool

  • Ioannis Sfyrakis,
  • Paolo Modesti,
  • Lewis Golightly and
  • Minaro Ikegima

3 September 2025

Blockchain and smart contracts have transformed industries by automating complex processes and transactions. However, this innovation has introduced significant security concerns, potentially leading to loss of financial assets and data integrity. Th...

  • Review
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,301 Views
28 Pages

Smart Contract Design in Distributed Energy Systems: A Systematic Review

  • Kimia Honari,
  • Sara Rouhani,
  • Nida E. Falak,
  • Yuan Liu,
  • Yunwei Li,
  • Hao Liang,
  • Scott Dick and
  • James Miller

19 June 2023

Blockchain technology and, in particular, smart contracts based on it, offers a new, decentralized mechanism for entering into and fulfilling contracts in diverse markets. Energy markets are no exception, and indeed, the decentralized nature of the b...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,411 Views
17 Pages

Adaptive Parallel Scheduling Scheme for Smart Contract

  • Wenjin Yang,
  • Meng Ao,
  • Jing Sun,
  • Guoan Wang,
  • Yongxuan Li,
  • Chunhai Li and
  • Zhuguang Shao

29 April 2024

With the increasing demand for decentralized systems and the widespread usage of blockchain, low throughput and high latency have become the biggest stumbling blocks in the development of blockchain systems. This problem seriously hinders the expansi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,456 Views
21 Pages

26 March 2022

Advancements in cryptography and computer science have given birth to blockchain technology. One of the most exciting evolutions of blockchain is the advancements in smart contract technology. Smart contracts can be used for a broad range of use case...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,317 Views
17 Pages

Contract Design of Logistics Service Supply Chain Based on Smart Transformation

  • Hao Liu,
  • Haodong Chen,
  • Hengyi Zhang,
  • Haibin Liu,
  • Xingwang Yu and
  • Shiqing Zhang

20 May 2022

A logistics service integrator (LSI) usually requires a logistics service provider (LSP) to carry out smart transformation in order to improve the level of logistics service. However, LSP’s smart transformation faces uncertainty in terms of inv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,133 Views
14 Pages

5 July 2023

Promoting green agricultural production is becoming increasingly important in order to address resource and environmental issues and meet consumers’ demand for safe agricultural products. Green agriculture mainly refers to the adoption of green...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,235 Views
15 Pages

9 October 2025

Smart contracts empower many blockchain applications but are exposed to code-level defects. Existing methods do not scale to the evolving code, do not represent complex control and data flows, and lack granular and calibrated evidence. To address the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,702 Views
47 Pages

The era of mobile information has arrived, and people’s lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes. Ordering takeaways through takeout apps on smartphones is one of them. However, most existing takeaway platforms charge high commissions in th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
424 Views
26 Pages

Decentralized BIM Workflows with Smart Contract Execution

  • Sara Antinozzi,
  • Liliana Cecere,
  • Francesco Colace,
  • Angelo Lorusso,
  • Domenico Santaniello and
  • Carmine Valentino

28 December 2025

The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM), blockchain technology, and smart contracts presents a significant opportunity to fundamentally reevaluate the administration of information and contracts in construction projects. This article...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,426 Views
29 Pages

The Design and Implementation of a Secure Datastore Based on Ethereum Smart Contract

  • Izdehar M. Aldyaflah,
  • Wenbing Zhao,
  • Himanshu Upadhyay and
  • Leonel Lagos

23 April 2023

In this paper, we present a secure datastore based on an Ethereum smart contract. Our research is guided by three research questions. First, we will explore to what extend a smart-contract-based datastore should resemble a traditional database system...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
8,847 Views
20 Pages

Formal Analysis of Reentrancy Vulnerabilities in Smart Contract Based on CPN

  • Yaqiong He,
  • Hanjie Dong,
  • Huaiguang Wu and
  • Qianheng Duan

A smart contract is a special form of computer program that runs on a blockchain and provides a new way to implement financial and business transactions in a conflict-free and transparent environment. In blockchain systems such as Ethereum, smart con...

  • Article
  • Open Access
88 Citations
8,080 Views
24 Pages

CBGRU: A Detection Method of Smart Contract Vulnerability Based on a Hybrid Model

  • Lejun Zhang,
  • Weijie Chen,
  • Weizheng Wang,
  • Zilong Jin,
  • Chunhui Zhao,
  • Zhennao Cai and
  • Huiling Chen

7 May 2022

In the context of the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have also been widely used in the Internet of Things, finance, healthcare, and other fields. There has been an explosion in the number of smart contracts, and at the sa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,878 Views
21 Pages

Smart Contract Generation Assisted by AI-Based Word Segmentation

  • Yu Tong,
  • Weiming Tan,
  • Jingzhi Guo,
  • Bingqing Shen,
  • Peng Qin and
  • Shuaihe Zhuo

9 May 2022

In the last decade, blockchain smart contracts emerged as an automated, decentralized, traceable, and immutable medium of value exchange. Nevertheless, existing blockchain smart contracts are not compatible with legal contracts. The automatic executi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,444 Views
15 Pages

10 July 2024

The post-deployment challenges in developing and upgrading blockchain smart contracts necessitate a high level of accuracy in their development and business logic. However, current methodologies for verifying the business logic of smart contracts fre...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,485 Views
17 Pages

7 March 2024

Recent research shows that the source code of smart contracts is often cloned. The processing of related types of transactions in blockchain networks results in the implementation of many similar smart contracts. The rules verifying transactions are...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,988 Views
16 Pages

29 January 2023

As is well known, smart contracts on the blockchain store plenty of digital assets, and these contracts deployed on the blockchain are difficult to be modified. For this reason, the analysis and detection of smart contract vulnerabilities have receiv...

  • Review
  • Open Access
31 Citations
10,894 Views
28 Pages

Enhancing Smart-Contract Security through Machine Learning: A Survey of Approaches and Techniques

  • Fan Jiang,
  • Kailin Chao,
  • Jianmao Xiao,
  • Qinghua Liu,
  • Keyang Gu,
  • Junyi Wu and
  • Yuanlong Cao

As blockchain technology continues to advance, smart contracts, a core component, have increasingly garnered widespread attention. Nevertheless, security concerns associated with smart contracts have become more prominent. Although machine-learning t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
108 Citations
18,951 Views
23 Pages

Automated Payment and Contract Management in the Construction Industry by Integrating Building Information Modeling and Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts

  • Katharina Sigalov,
  • Xuling Ye,
  • Markus König,
  • Philipp Hagedorn,
  • Florian Blum,
  • Benedikt Severin,
  • Michael Hettmer,
  • Philipp Hückinghaus,
  • Jens Wölkerling and
  • Dominik Groß

20 August 2021

Construction projects usually involve signing various contracts with specific billing procedures. In practice, dealing with complex contract structures causes significant problems, especially with regard to timely payment and guaranteed cash flow. Fu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,628 Views
21 Pages

SmartMeasurer: A Secure and Automated Bandwidth Measurement for Tor with Smart Contract

  • Zejia Tang,
  • Tianyao Pan,
  • Yang Han,
  • Tongzhou Shen,
  • Lei Xu and
  • Dawei Xu

28 September 2023

Tor is now using a centralized measurement system called Sbws to measure the bandwidth of relays to guide clients in selecting relays to balance traffic. Sbws has been proven to be vulnerable to multiple attacks because of the centralized structure a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,756 Views
19 Pages

Vulnerabilities in smart contracts may trigger serious security events, and the detection of smart contract vulnerabilities has become a significant problem. In this paper, to solve the limitations of current deep learning-based vulnerability detecti...

  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,854 Views
25 Pages

Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on Hybrid Attention Mechanism Model

  • Huaiguang Wu,
  • Hanjie Dong,
  • Yaqiong He and
  • Qianheng Duan

5 January 2023

A smart contract, as an important part of blockchain technology, has attracted considerable interest from both industry and academia. It provides the basis for the realization of a variety of practical blockchain applications and plays a crucial role...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
8,297 Views
14 Pages

Prototyping a Smart Contract Based Public Procurement to Fight Corruption

  • Tim Weingärtner,
  • Danielle Batista,
  • Sandro Köchli and
  • Gilles Voutat

Corruption in public procurement is a worldwide appearance that causes immense financial and reputational damages. Especially in developing countries, corruption is a widespread issue due to secrecy and lack of transparency. An important instrument f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
326 Views
33 Pages

19 February 2026

The adoption of blockchain-based smart contracts for the trading of goods and services promises greater transparency, automation, and trustlessness, but also raises challenges related to payment integration and modularity. While business analysts (BA...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,141 Views
24 Pages

7 April 2025

The increasing adoption of blockchain technology has presented significant challenges in maintaining the security and reliability of smart contracts. This study addresses the problem of identifying security flaws in smart contracts, which may result...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
9,123 Views
21 Pages

Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection Based on Deep Learning and Multimodal Decision Fusion

  • Weichu Deng,
  • Huanchun Wei,
  • Teng Huang,
  • Cong Cao,
  • Yun Peng and
  • Xuan Hu

18 August 2023

With the rapid development and widespread application of blockchain technology in recent years, smart contracts running on blockchains often face security vulnerability problems, resulting in significant economic losses. Unlike traditional programs,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
6,668 Views
22 Pages

Smart Contract-Based Access Control Framework for Internet of Things Devices

  • Md. Rahat Hasan,
  • Ammar Alazab,
  • Siddhartha Barman Joy,
  • Mohammed Nasir Uddin,
  • Md Ashraf Uddin,
  • Ansam Khraisat,
  • Iqbal Gondal,
  • Wahida Ferdose Urmi and
  • Md. Alamin Talukder

20 November 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted much interest from researchers due to its diverse IoT applications. However, IoT systems encounter additional security and privacy threats. Developing an efficient IoT system is challenging because...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,344 Views
19 Pages

Representative Ring Signature Algorithm Based on Smart Contract

  • Qiude Li,
  • Wenlong Yi,
  • Xiaomin Zhao,
  • Hua Yin and
  • Igor Gerasimov

8 September 2022

Traditional ring signature algorithms suffer from large signature data capacity and low speed of signature and verification during collective signing. In this work, we propose a representative ring signature algorithm based on smart contracts. By col...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
7,675 Views
18 Pages

6 January 2025

Smart contracts enable autonomous execution between contracting parties without a centralized authority, thereby reducing contract management costs and enhancing the transparency and reliability of contracts. However, the absence of such a certificat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,656 Views
15 Pages

Blockchain Smart Contract-Enabled Secure Energy Trading for Electric Vehicles

  • Feng Xue,
  • Kang Chang,
  • Wei Li,
  • Qin Wang,
  • Haitao Zhao,
  • Hui Zhang,
  • Yiyang Ni and
  • Wenchao Xia

14 September 2022

In this paper, a blockchain-enabled energy trading method is proposed to deal with the inefficiency and security issues in energy trading for electric vehicles in smart grids. It includes the design of a smart contract and the excitation mechanism of...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
10,990 Views
24 Pages

25 February 2022

The key issue in the field of smart contract security is efficient and rapid vulnerability detection in smart contracts. Most of the existing detection methods can only detect the presence of vulnerabilities in the contract and can hardly identify th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
9,625 Views
12 Pages

Smart Contract Data Feed Framework for Privacy-Preserving Oracle System on Blockchain

  • Junhoo Park,
  • Hyekjin Kim,
  • Geunyoung Kim and
  • Jaecheol Ryou

28 December 2020

As blockchain-based applications and research such as cryptocurrency increase, an oracle problem to bring external data in the blockchain is emerging. Among the methods to solve the oracle problem, a method of configuring oracle based on TLS, an exis...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
7,416 Views
25 Pages

3 December 2021

Project delivery on time, with agreed quality and assigned budget, is the desire of project-based companies. Time, quality, and cost are determinants of project success; however, organisations suffer from achieving these three success criteria at the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,089 Views
16 Pages

DCSCY: DRL-Based Cross-Shard Smart Contract Yanking in a Blockchain Sharding Framework

  • Ying Wang,
  • Zixu Zhang,
  • Hongbo Yin,
  • Guangsheng Yu,
  • Xu Wang,
  • Caijun Sun,
  • Wei Ni,
  • Ren Ping Liu and
  • Zhiqun Cheng

16 August 2025

Blockchain sharding has emerged as a promising solution to address scalability and performance challenges in distributed ledger systems. In the sharded blockchain, yanking can reduce the communication overhead of smart contracts between shards. Howev...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,706 Views
20 Pages

Smart Contract Security in Decentralized Finance: Enhancing Vulnerability Detection with Reinforcement Learning

  • Jose Juan de Leon,
  • Cenchuan Zhang,
  • Christos-Spyridon Koulouris,
  • Francesca Medda and
  • Rahul

24 May 2025

The growing interest in decentralized finance (DeFi), driven by advancements in blockchain technologies such as Ethereum, highlights the crucial role of smart contracts. However, the inherent openness of blockchains creates an extensive attack surfac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,261 Views
19 Pages

1 July 2023

Smart contract vulnerability can be exploited to cause serious financial loss. While there are many logic-based techniques for detecting vulnerabilities, few have focused on the dynamic stack of the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) in the process of tr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,496 Views
24 Pages

30 July 2025

Smart contracts and cryptocurrency wallets are foundational components of decentralized applications (dApps) on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum. While these technologies enable secure, transparent, and automated transactions, their integration...

  • Article
  • Open Access
39 Citations
5,365 Views
32 Pages

SPCBIG-EC: A Robust Serial Hybrid Model for Smart Contract Vulnerability Detection

  • Lejun Zhang,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Tianxing Jin,
  • Weizheng Wang,
  • Zilong Jin,
  • Chunhui Zhao,
  • Zhennao Cai and
  • Huiling Chen

19 June 2022

With countless devices connected to the Internet of Things, trust mechanisms are especially important. IoT devices are more deeply embedded in the privacy of people’s lives, and their security issues cannot be ignored. Smart contracts backed by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
6,473 Views
23 Pages

29 November 2023

With the proliferation of blockchain technology in decentralized applications like decentralized finance and supply chain and identity management, smart contracts operating on a blockchain frequently encounter security issues such as reentrancy vulne...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,187 Views
32 Pages

7 October 2025

Smart contracts are central to blockchain ecosystems, yet their development remains technically demanding, error-prone, and tied to platform-specific programming languages. This paper introduces SCEditor-Web, a web-based modeling environment that com...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,955 Views
5 Pages

Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things

  • Fatima Haider Naqvi,
  • Sundus Ali,
  • Binish Haseeb,
  • Namra Khan,
  • Soomal Qureshi,
  • Taha Sajid and
  • Muhammad Imran Aslam

In this paper, we have presented the design and implementation of a blockchain-based approach for ensuring reliable supply chain management for commodities transported through smart containers. To administer interactions between the sender and receiv...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,856 Views
14 Pages

The opportunistic fog radio access network (OF-RAN) expands its offloading computation capacity on-demand by establishing virtual fog access points (v-FAPs), comprising user devices with idle resources recruited opportunistically to execute the offlo...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5,081 Views
16 Pages

19 February 2025

In smart contract fuzz testing, it is crucial to consider the inter-dependencies between the contract functions. To effectively test the business logic of a contract, its functions must be invoked in a meaningful order. In this paper, we propose tech...

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