In this paper, we propose a smart contract broker to improve the reusability of smart contracts in a blockchain environment. The current blockchain platform lacks a standard approach to sharing and managing smart contracts, which makes it difficult f...
A smart contract is the algorithmic description of a contractual transaction protocol that is automatically executed together with the information provided by its parties. It is written in a simplified programming language that is specific to a parti...
When migrating smart contracts from one blockchain platform to another, there are potential security risks. This is because different blockchain platforms have different environments and characteristics for executing smart contracts. The focus of thi...
This article is a literature review on smart contract applications in various domains. The aim is to investigate technological developments and implementation of smart contracts in various domains. For this purpose, the theoretical basis of various p...
The blockchain that uses cryptocurrency is a paradigm shift in the way of data storage, retrieval, and verification due to the concept of decentralization. This paradigm is essential to ensure the security of crucial data in any project. Adding a sma...
Smart cities use advanced infrastructure and technology to improve the quality of life for their citizens. Collaborative services in smart cities are making the smart city ecosystem more reliable. These services are required to enhance the operation...
Blockchain smart contracts can support the decentralisation of business processes, but due to smart contracts’ specifics, their development is a complicated process. Introducing model-driven development principles in smart contract development...
IoT environments are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of their distributions and included entities by collaboratively involving not only data centers known from Cloud computing but also the different types of third-party entities that can...
Blockchain and smart contracts have transformed industries by automating complex processes and transactions. However, this innovation has introduced significant security concerns, potentially leading to loss of financial assets and data integrity. Th...
Blockchain technology and, in particular, smart contracts based on it, offers a new, decentralized mechanism for entering into and fulfilling contracts in diverse markets. Energy markets are no exception, and indeed, the decentralized nature of the b...
With the increasing demand for decentralized systems and the widespread usage of blockchain, low throughput and high latency have become the biggest stumbling blocks in the development of blockchain systems. This problem seriously hinders the expansi...
Advancements in cryptography and computer science have given birth to blockchain technology. One of the most exciting evolutions of blockchain is the advancements in smart contract technology. Smart contracts can be used for a broad range of use case...
A logistics service integrator (LSI) usually requires a logistics service provider (LSP) to carry out smart transformation in order to improve the level of logistics service. However, LSP’s smart transformation faces uncertainty in terms of inv...
Promoting green agricultural production is becoming increasingly important in order to address resource and environmental issues and meet consumers’ demand for safe agricultural products. Green agriculture mainly refers to the adoption of green...
Smart contracts empower many blockchain applications but are exposed to code-level defects. Existing methods do not scale to the evolving code, do not represent complex control and data flows, and lack granular and calibrated evidence. To address the...
The era of mobile information has arrived, and people’s lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes. Ordering takeaways through takeout apps on smartphones is one of them. However, most existing takeaway platforms charge high commissions in th...
The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM), blockchain technology, and smart contracts presents a significant opportunity to fundamentally reevaluate the administration of information and contracts in construction projects. This article...
In this paper, we present a secure datastore based on an Ethereum smart contract. Our research is guided by three research questions. First, we will explore to what extend a smart-contract-based datastore should resemble a traditional database system...
A smart contract is a special form of computer program that runs on a blockchain and provides a new way to implement financial and business transactions in a conflict-free and transparent environment. In blockchain systems such as Ethereum, smart con...
In the context of the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contracts have also been widely used in the Internet of Things, finance, healthcare, and other fields. There has been an explosion in the number of smart contracts, and at the sa...
In the last decade, blockchain smart contracts emerged as an automated, decentralized, traceable, and immutable medium of value exchange. Nevertheless, existing blockchain smart contracts are not compatible with legal contracts. The automatic executi...
The post-deployment challenges in developing and upgrading blockchain smart contracts necessitate a high level of accuracy in their development and business logic. However, current methodologies for verifying the business logic of smart contracts fre...
Recent research shows that the source code of smart contracts is often cloned. The processing of related types of transactions in blockchain networks results in the implementation of many similar smart contracts. The rules verifying transactions are...
As is well known, smart contracts on the blockchain store plenty of digital assets, and these contracts deployed on the blockchain are difficult to be modified. For this reason, the analysis and detection of smart contract vulnerabilities have receiv...
As blockchain technology continues to advance, smart contracts, a core component, have increasingly garnered widespread attention. Nevertheless, security concerns associated with smart contracts have become more prominent. Although machine-learning t...
Construction projects usually involve signing various contracts with specific billing procedures. In practice, dealing with complex contract structures causes significant problems, especially with regard to timely payment and guaranteed cash flow. Fu...
Tor is now using a centralized measurement system called Sbws to measure the bandwidth of relays to guide clients in selecting relays to balance traffic. Sbws has been proven to be vulnerable to multiple attacks because of the centralized structure a...
Vulnerabilities in smart contracts may trigger serious security events, and the detection of smart contract vulnerabilities has become a significant problem. In this paper, to solve the limitations of current deep learning-based vulnerability detecti...
A smart contract, as an important part of blockchain technology, has attracted considerable interest from both industry and academia. It provides the basis for the realization of a variety of practical blockchain applications and plays a crucial role...
Corruption in public procurement is a worldwide appearance that causes immense financial and reputational damages. Especially in developing countries, corruption is a widespread issue due to secrecy and lack of transparency. An important instrument f...
The adoption of blockchain-based smart contracts for the trading of goods and services promises greater transparency, automation, and trustlessness, but also raises challenges related to payment integration and modularity. While business analysts (BA...
The increasing adoption of blockchain technology has presented significant challenges in maintaining the security and reliability of smart contracts. This study addresses the problem of identifying security flaws in smart contracts, which may result...
With the rapid development and widespread application of blockchain technology in recent years, smart contracts running on blockchains often face security vulnerability problems, resulting in significant economic losses. Unlike traditional programs,...
The Internet of Things (IoT) has recently attracted much interest from researchers due to its diverse IoT applications. However, IoT systems encounter additional security and privacy threats. Developing an efficient IoT system is challenging because...
Traditional ring signature algorithms suffer from large signature data capacity and low speed of signature and verification during collective signing. In this work, we propose a representative ring signature algorithm based on smart contracts. By col...
Smart contracts enable autonomous execution between contracting parties without a centralized authority, thereby reducing contract management costs and enhancing the transparency and reliability of contracts. However, the absence of such a certificat...
In this paper, a blockchain-enabled energy trading method is proposed to deal with the inefficiency and security issues in energy trading for electric vehicles in smart grids. It includes the design of a smart contract and the excitation mechanism of...
The key issue in the field of smart contract security is efficient and rapid vulnerability detection in smart contracts. Most of the existing detection methods can only detect the presence of vulnerabilities in the contract and can hardly identify th...
As blockchain-based applications and research such as cryptocurrency increase, an oracle problem to bring external data in the blockchain is emerging. Among the methods to solve the oracle problem, a method of configuring oracle based on TLS, an exis...
Project delivery on time, with agreed quality and assigned budget, is the desire of project-based companies. Time, quality, and cost are determinants of project success; however, organisations suffer from achieving these three success criteria at the...
Blockchain sharding has emerged as a promising solution to address scalability and performance challenges in distributed ledger systems. In the sharded blockchain, yanking can reduce the communication overhead of smart contracts between shards. Howev...
The growing interest in decentralized finance (DeFi), driven by advancements in blockchain technologies such as Ethereum, highlights the crucial role of smart contracts. However, the inherent openness of blockchains creates an extensive attack surfac...
Smart contract vulnerability can be exploited to cause serious financial loss. While there are many logic-based techniques for detecting vulnerabilities, few have focused on the dynamic stack of the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) in the process of tr...
Smart contracts and cryptocurrency wallets are foundational components of decentralized applications (dApps) on blockchain platforms such as Ethereum. While these technologies enable secure, transparent, and automated transactions, their integration...
With countless devices connected to the Internet of Things, trust mechanisms are especially important. IoT devices are more deeply embedded in the privacy of people’s lives, and their security issues cannot be ignored. Smart contracts backed by...
With the proliferation of blockchain technology in decentralized applications like decentralized finance and supply chain and identity management, smart contracts operating on a blockchain frequently encounter security issues such as reentrancy vulne...
Smart contracts are central to blockchain ecosystems, yet their development remains technically demanding, error-prone, and tied to platform-specific programming languages. This paper introduces SCEditor-Web, a web-based modeling environment that com...
In this paper, we have presented the design and implementation of a blockchain-based approach for ensuring reliable supply chain management for commodities transported through smart containers. To administer interactions between the sender and receiv...
The opportunistic fog radio access network (OF-RAN) expands its offloading computation capacity on-demand by establishing virtual fog access points (v-FAPs), comprising user devices with idle resources recruited opportunistically to execute the offlo...
In smart contract fuzz testing, it is crucial to consider the inter-dependencies between the contract functions. To effectively test the business logic of a contract, its functions must be invoked in a meaningful order. In this paper, we propose tech...
of 28